rapid acting/ short duration insulin
lispro (Humalog), aspart (Novolog), glulisine (Apidra)
rapid acting/ short duration insulin color
clear
rapid acting/ short duration insulin onset, peak, and duration
onset = 15-30 min
peak = 30-150 min
duration = 3-6 hours
slower acting/ short duration insulin (regular)
Humulin R and Novolin R
slower acting/ short duration insulin color
clear
slower acting/ short duration insulin onset, peak, duration
onset = 30-60 min
peak = 1-5 hours
duration = 6-10 hours
only insulin that can be used IV
regular (Humulin R and Novolin R)
intermediate duration insulin (NPH)
Humulin N and Novolin N
intermediate duration insulin color
cloudy
intermediate duration insulin onset, peak, duration
onset = 1-2 hours
peak = 6-14 hours
duration = 16-24 hours
only insulin used for mixing
NPH
long duration insulin
glargine (Lantus)
long duration insulin color
clear
long duration insulin onset, peak, duration
onset = 70 mins
NO peak
duration = 24 hours
snack planning with insulin
beginning of the peak; must have food in the room before giving (not "coming")
US standard concentration
U-100; 1 mL = 100 units
insulin primary ADE
hypoglycemia (usually from overdose)
low serum K+
lipohypertrophy
allergy
hypoglycemia symptoms
anxiety
sweating/ clammy skin
tremor
nausea
palpitations
pallor
HA, confusion, seizure, coma, death
hypoglycemia treatment if the patient is alert and conscious
15g of carbs:
3 glucose tablets
4oz of fruit juice
8oz of milk
5oz of soda
hypoglycemia treatment if the patient is unconscious
IV glucose in hospital
at home = glucagon IM (20 mins)
hyperglycemia symptoms (8)
increased thirst, frequent urination
blurred vision
fatigue (weak)
weight loss
dry skin
poor wound healing
chronic vaginal and skin infections
ketoacidosis- fruity breath
is a diabetic is in a coma, what is the likely cause?
hypoglycemia (NOT ketoacidosis)