Macule
Small, flat, discolored blemishes or change in skin color; flush with the skin surface
Papule
Palpable, circumscribed, red solid elevations in the skin; smaller than 0.5cm.
Patch
Flat, nonpalpable, irregularly shaped macule
Plaque
Elevated, firm, rough lesion with flat-topped surface
Wheal
Irregular shaped, elevated areas, white in the center with pale red periphery, with superficial localized cutaneous edema; vary in size.
Nodule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in the dermis than a papule.
Tumor
Elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in the dermis
Vesicles
Circumscribed elevation of skin filled with serous fluid.
Bulla
Vesicle bigger than 1 cm in diameter
Pustule
Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
Cyst
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material.
Telangiectasia
Fine, irregular red lines produced by capillary dilation
Lichenification
Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity.
Scale
Headed-up keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size.
Keloid
Overgrowth of collagenous scar tissue at the site of a skin wound caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.
Scar
Thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury or laceration to the dermis.
Excoriation
Injury to the surface layer of skin caused by scratching or abrasion.
Fissure
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry.
Erosion
Loss of part of the epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of a vesicle or bulla.
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave; varies in size.
Crust
Dried serum, blood, or purulent exudate; slightly elevated; size varies: brown, red, black, or tan
Atrophy
Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
Freckles, flat moles (nevi), petechiae, measles, scarlet fever
Macule
Warts (verrucae), elevated moles, lichen planus
Papule
Vitiligo, port-wine stains, Mongolian spots, cafe-au-lait spots
Patch
Psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis, actinic keratosis
Plaque
Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
Wheal
Erythema nodosum, lipomas
Nodule
Neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma, hemangioma
Tumor
Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)
Vesicle
Blister, pemphigus vulgaris
Bulla
Impetigo, acne
Pustule
Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne
Cyst
Telangiectasia in rosacea
Telangiectasia
Flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis after scarlet fever, or flaking of skin following a drug reaction; dry skin
Scale
Chronic dermatitis
Lichenification
Healing wound or surgical incision
Scar
Abrasion or scratch, scabies
Excoriation
Athlete's foot, cracks at the corner of the mouth
Fissure
Varicella, variola after rupture
Erosion
Pressure sores, stasis ulcers
Ulcer
Scab on abrasion, eczema
Crust
Striae, aged skin
Atrophy
Pruritus
Itching
Exudate
Fluid, cells, or other substances slowly exuded or discharged from body cells
Pustulant vesicles
Small, pus-containing elevations of the skin
Suppuration
To produce purulent material
Urticaria
Itching welts, hives
Pediculosis
Lice
Pediculosis capitis
Head lice
Pediculosis corporis
Body lice
Pediculosis pubis
Pubic lice
Verruca
Benign, viral, warty skin (nipple-like) growth.
Nevi
Pigmented, congenital blemishes benign but may become cancerous.
Alopecia
Loss of hair from destruction of the hair follicles.
Rule of nines
Multiples of nine; to determine (TBSA) burned
TBSA
Total body surface area
Contractures
Permanent joint flexion and fixation caused by atrophy shortening of muscle
Curling's ulcer
Duodenal ulcer 8 to 14 days after severe burns; first sign is vomiting bright red blood.
Eschar
Black, leathery crust; forms over burned tissue.
Debridement
Removal of damaged tissue from a wound or burn
Autograft
Transplantation of tissue from the same individual.
Homograft (allograft)
Transfer of tissue between two humans not identical twins
Heterograft (xenograft)
Tissue from another species, such as a pig or a cow.
Synthetic graft substitute
The autograph is permanent whereas other types are temporary