The got married on Olympus, Hera arranged it, and they invited all the Olympian gods except Eris
The wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Goddess of discord that threw a golden apple that was inscribed, "For the Fairest
Eris
To Create Chaos
To Throw The Apple of Discord
Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena ask Paris (after Zeus threw the apple to Earth) to pick the fairest of them, just starting the Trojan war after he picks Aphrodite and she gives him the already married Helen of Troy
Judgement of Paris
Daughter of Zeus and Leda, sister of Clytemnestra, Pollux, and Castor, wife of Menelaus, lover of Paris, the most beautiful woman alive
Her abduction begins the Trojan war because the other kingdoms promised to protect her marriage to Menelaus, whom she c
Helen
King of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen, he helped lead the Greeks in the Trojan War.
Menelaus
King of Mycenae, brother of Menelaus, husband of Clytemnestra, father of Iphigenia
Leader of the Greek forces against the Trojan army sacrificed his daughter
Agememnon
Daughter of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon who was sacrificed at Aulis, the main reason Clytemnestra killed her husband
Iphigenia
King of Argos
Acted as a substitute for Achilles, kills Pandarus, almost kills Aeneas, fights Aphrodite and Ares and wins, has a truce with Glaucus whose grandfather is Bellerophon so now there is inherited xenia and they can't fight each other, did a cou
Diomedes
King of Pylos, who later tell Telemachus the story of Agamemnon's death
Nestor
Son of Telamon, the second greatest fighter for the Greeks, fought Odysseus for Achilles' armor and lost, then killed himself
Ajax the Greater
Son of Oileus, raped Cassandra in Athena's temple, and drowned after being shipwrecked and struck by lightning.
Ajax the Lesser
Son of Thetis and Peleus, greatest Greek warrior, husband of Briseis whom Agamemnon steals, the only vulnerable place is his heel because that's where his mom held him when she dumped him in the River Styx, a prophecy said that he would die in the Trojan
Achilles
A weak point
Achilles' heel
The tendon connecting calf muscles to the heel.
Achilles Tendon
The soldiers under Achilles' command, hailing from Achilles' homeland, Phthia.
Myrmidons
An obedient and unquestioning follower
myrmidon
Squire of Achilles, who dies for him and is later avenged
Patroclus
Or Ulixes, Son of Laertes and Anticleia, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus, king of Ithaca. Came up with the idea of the Trojan horse, had a long journey back to his wife and son
Odysseus
Hera, Athena, Poseidon
Gods on the Greek side
King of Troy and father of Priam
Laomedon
King of Troy, father of Hector, Paris, and Cassandra husband of Hecuba killed by Neoptolemus
Priam
Queen of Troy, wife of Priam, and mother of Hector, Paris, and Cassandra
Hecuba
Wife of Hector, mother of Astyanax, foreshadows the rest of her life
Andromache
Son of Hector and Andromache, throw over city walls by Neoptolemus
Astyanax
or Alexander, Prince of Troy, exposed as a child, raised by shepherds, started the Trojan War by taking Helen and then going back to Troy as Prince
Paris
A Trojan nobleman, the son of Aphrodite, and a mighty warrior, destined to start a new nation
Aeneas
Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis
Gods on the Trojan side
An epic poem
Long Narrative
a type of short story handed down through generations that is believed to be true by many people but cannot be proven
Traditional Legend
A demigod, someone with lots of recognition and war spoils
Heroes
A style specific to an author
Dignified Style
A prayer or address made to the one of the nine muses where the poet asks for the inspiration, skill, knowledge, or appropriate mood to create a poem worthy of the subject-matter.
Invocation of Muse
Gods intervening in human affairs
Divine Intervention
In the middle of things
In medias res
A comparison of using "like" or "as
Similes
Lists of participants on each side, ships, sacrifices, etc.
Catalogs
an extended and elaborate description of a work of art, a building, or a natural setting
Ecphrasis
Values strength, courage, and loyalty in warriors; hospitality, generosity, and political skill in kings; needing outside validation
Heroic code
Fame and Praise
Time and kudos
Praise for an achievement
Kudos
War prizes, spoils, booty
Geras
To work very hard
Work like a Trojan
Great Achievements
Aristeria
Daughter of Chryses, a priest of Apollo, concubine of Agamemnon before he father asked for her back, then told Apollo who sent a plague and made Agamemnon give her back
Chryseis
A war prize of Achilles.
After Agamemnon is forced to return Chryseis to her father, he appropriates Briseis as compensation, sparking Achilles' great rage.
Briseis
Play up to another's desires and weaknesses
Pander
To withdraw from action or quit a game because you feel you have been treated unfairly
Sulk like Achilles in his tent
The priest that told Agamemnon that he angered Artemis and that she required a human sacrifice
Calchas
A catalog of 100,000 troops, fresh invocation of Muses, and a pep talk from Odysseus
Book 2 of the Iliad
The duel between Paris and Menelaus, Helen and Priam watch from the walls of Troy, the Teichoscopia, where she tells him who all the prominent Greeks are, Paris is rescued by Aphrodite and put him in bed which Hector scolds him for.
Book 3 of the Iliad
The Trojan who broke the truce set aside for Paris and Menelaus' fight by shooting Menelaus with an arrow
Pandarus
The Aristeia of Diomedes, here Diomedes is a sub for Achilles and he kills Pandarus and almost kills Aeneas (but that's not destiny), Aphrodite saves him and then Diomedes attacks Aphrodite who is protected by Ares but Diomedes beats them both and they bl
Book 5 of the Iliad
Diomedes extents a truce to Glaucus (grandson of Bellerophontes) because their grandfathers gave each other xenia
Book 6 of the Iliad
The Embassy to Achilles: Agamemnon regrets taking Achilles' stuff and alienating him so he sends Odysseus, Phoenix, and Ajax the greater to talk to him. Odysseus begs him to come back and Achilles rejects the geras. Phoenix tells him Meleager's boar story
Book 9 of the Iliad
The Doloneia: After reporting back to Agamemnon, Odysseus and Diomedes volunteer to spy on Troy and they run into Dolon a Trojan, sent to do the same, Dolon tells him everything that he knows and they capture him
Book 10 of the Iliad
The Patrocliea: Patroclus stands in for Achilles and borrows his armor then kills Sarpedon (son of Zeus), and against the warning of Achilles Patroclus attempts to scale the wall of Troy and Hector is roused by Apollo who kills Patroclus. The dying Patroc
Book 16 of the Iliad
Achilles almost kills himself of the death of Patroclus and takes an oath of revenge (Hector), Thetis gets Hephaestus to make a new armor for Achilles, the shield of which gets ekphrasis, the description of a significant object.
Book 18 of the Iliad
The Theomachy: The aristeia of Achilles, who duels with Aeneas who is rescued by Poseidon
Book 20 of the Iliad
Hector is the only one outside the walls, Priam, Hecuba, (second Teichoscopia) and Hector give speeches
Achilles and Hector run 3 times around Troy, Achilles finally catches and slays Hector and Hector Prophecies that Paris (With the help of Apollo) would
Book 22 of the Iliad
Priam goes to Achilles and begs for the body of his son back, Achilles is respectful but tells him mourning the dead does nothing. He tells him of Niobe who boasted that she was better than Leto for have 7 sons and 7 daughters when she only had one of eac
Book 24 of the Iliad
Queen of the Amazons, killed by Achilles
Queen Penthesilea
He and Odysseus were fighting over who should get Achilles' armor and Athena picked Odysseus so Ajax fell on his son, even though Odysseus ended up giving the armor to Achilles' son
Suicide of Ajax the Greater
Owner of the bow of Hercules, which was prophesied to be the thing that takes down Troy, he also had a really bad foot healed as soon as he stepped on Troy's soil
Philoctetes
Stolen by Odysseus and Diomedes before the Greeks went in to sack Troy, Diomedes got blood on it
Palladium
a large hollow wooden figure of a horse (filled with Greek soldiers) left by the Greeks outside Troy during the Trojan War, thought of by Odysseus
The Trojan Horse
Something that appears desirable but actually contains something harmful
Trojan Horse
Son of Priam, priest of Apollo, he opposed dragging the Trojan Horse into Troy, and drove a spear into it. These actions offended Juno, who sent two serpents to kill Laocoon and his two sons
Possible commerated in the Ophiuchus
Laocoon
A greek who claimed that the Greeks were going to sacrifice hi, but escaped and begged the Trojans for mercy, he tells the Trojans that taking the horse in will bring them divine favor
Sinon
Or Neoptolemus, son of Achilles who killed a son of Priam, Priam himself, throw Astyanax over the walls of Troy, and sacrifices Polyxena, a daughter of Priam, as a concubine to Achilles
Pyrrhus
Wife of Aeneas that died as they were leaving Troy and told them to leave her
Creusa
Or Iulus said to be the ancestor of Julius Caesar
Ascanius
German Archaeologist 1822-1890, Discovered Troy in Turkey, he ravaged the site so that he could prove it was Troy, he also found Mycenae in 1876.
Heinrich Schliemann
Homecomings
Nostoi
Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides
It tells the story of Agamemnon coming home and everything that follows
The Oresteia Trilogy
Introduction of inherited guilt. Tantalus fed Pelops to the gods and is now being eternally punished. Pelops cheated to get Hippodamia either because of a fast horse from Poseidon or because Hippodamia put wax bolts on her father's chariot. Niobe was a ch
Tantalus, Pelops, Hippodamia
Sons of Pelops and Hippodamia, Thyestes seduced Atreus' wife and Atreus killed his sons, then (as prophesied by an oracle) and had a son (Aegisthus) with his daughter to ruin Arteus' son's life
Atreus and Thyestes
Victims of Clytemnestra (and/or Aegisthus) after coming back to Mycenae
Agamemnon and Cassandra
a person who continually predicts misfortune but often is not believed; a daughter of Priam cursed by Apollo for not returning his love; he left her with the gift of prophecy but made it so no one would believe her, the concubine of Agamemnon
Cassandra
Lovers and in laws who got together and killed Agamemnon and Cassandra
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus
A ruthless, cruel, vicious woman
Clytemnestra
Son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra who eventually avenged his father's murder by killing Aegisthus and Clytemnestra
Orestes
Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra who told her brother what happened with their mother and incited him to avenge their father
Electra
Conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
Electra complex
After the trial of Orestes, Athena votes to acquit Orestes and renames the Furies the Eumenides
Furies to Eumenides
The doubt and debate over the identity of Homer, the authorship of the Iliad and Odyssey, and their historicity
Homeric Question
The adventures of Odysseus during his journey back after Trojan War
Homer's Odyssey
Wife of Odysseus, Mother of Telemachus, who patiently waited for her husband to return
Penelope
waiting an immensely long time for something
Patience of Penelope
Odysseus and Penelope's son, who denounces the suitors and helps his father get revenge
Telemachus
The man Athena disguised herself as to walk Telemachus around to see the other men from the Trojan war
Mentor
A wise and trusted guide and advisor
A mentor
Men who live in Odysseus house trying to force Penelope to pick one for marriage
Antinous and Eurymachus being the most boisterous
Suitors
Books 1-4 of the Odyssey where we are introduced to characters, Telemachus denounces the suitors and goes on a trip with Athena (disguised as Mentor) to search for Odysseus and to hear the homecoming stories of all the other heros from the Trojan war
Telemachia
The Old Man of the Sea who can shapeshift, and whom Menelaus fought as he was sunbathing with seals
Proteus
A long, adventurous journey
Odyssey
Something that induces forgetfulness of sorrow or eases pain
Nepenthe
Readily changing form or character
Protean
The beautiful nymph who falls in love with Odysseus when he lands on her island-home of Ogygia. Calypso holds him prisoner there for seven years until Hermes, the messenger god tells her that Zeus said let him go
Calypso
The white sea goddess. She gave Odysseus a veil to help him get safely to the island of the Phaiacians.
Leucothea
People of King Alcineous and Queen Arete, Odysseus is telling his story to them, he is also offered the hand of the Princess Nausicaa, they are like real life Utopia
Phaecians
people living on the southwestern coast of Thrace who battled Odysseus and his men on their journey
Cicones
people who feed Odysseus's men lotus plants to make them forget Ithaca and stay where they are
Lotus-Eaters
An indolent person; a daydreamer
A Lotus-Eater
Polyphemus, son of Poseidon
He eats 6 of Odysseus men
Odysseus create a false identity (Me tis=No one, or Metis=cunning), got the cyclops drunk and stabbed his eye
His men hid under Polyphemus' sheep then stolen
Odysseus reveals his identity and is cursed
Cyclops
The king of the winds the gives Odysseus and his men a bag of winds (not west) for their travels home. The men get greedy and jealous and after they almost get to Ithaca, they open the bag and get pushed back to Aeolus, but he won't help a second time so
Aeolus
A legendary clan of giant cannibals where Odysseus lost 11/12 of his ships
Laestrygonians
The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus's crew into swine when he lands on her island. Eurylochus stayed outside and told Odysseus. With Hermes' help, and some moly, Odysseus resist Circe's powers and then becomes her lover, living in luxury a
Circe
Dangerously bewitching
Circean
Odysseus' katabasis where he sees Elpenor who requests a proper burial after he drunkenly fell off a roof, Tiresias who drinks from the special pit and gives the same prophecy the Cyclops said, "can't get away from Poseidon, don't touch the cows, or be st
Nekuia
Creatures whose songs lure sailors to their deaths, Odysseus tied himself to pole to hear them
Sirens
Between two equal dangers; avoiding one means getting closer to the other that Odysseus and his men nearly survived
Scylla and Charybdis
The same as being stuck and a hard place
Stuck between Scylla and Charybdis
A swineherd, an old and loyal servant to Odysseus that was happy to welcome to him
Eumaeus
The brother of Melantho. Melanthius is a treacherous and opportunistic goatherd who supports the suitors, especially Eurymachus, and abuses the beggar who appears in Odysseus's palace, not realizing that the man is Odysseus himself.
Melanthius
Odysseus' faithful dog that waited
Argos
the old nurse of Odysseus and Telemachus, attendant of Penelope who recognizes Odysseus from his scar
Eurycleia
Younger beggar who comes in and challenges Odysseus to a boxing match. He is beaten with one punch.
Irus
cowherd loyal to Odysseus
Philoetius
Odysseus's aging father, who resides on a farm in Ithaca. In despair and physical decline, Laertes regains his spirit when Odysseus returns and eventually kills Antinous's father.
Laertes