antigen presentation
phagocytosis
secretion of cytokines
The host defense function of a macrophage
bone marrow and thymus
the primary or central lymphoid organs in humans are the
T cells
cells classed with adaptive immunity
IgG & IgM
antibodies capable of binding complement and initiating classical complement pathway
type of heavy chain
determines the immunoglobulin class (isotope)
DR, DQ, DP
Class II (MHC) Ag refer to _________ regions
Diapedisis
movement of neutrophils out of the blood.
-Increased blood supply to the area
-migration of WBC
-appearance of acute phase proteins
-redness and swelling
Process of inflammation
Any protein
Most immunogenic
hybridomas
monoclonal antibodies are produced commercially by:
All nucleated cells
HLA antigens found on:
Monocytes
macrophages are large phagocytes present in the tissues. Derived from:
Ag complexed with MHC proteins
T helper cells recognize:
easily crystallizable
Fc fragment of the Ab molecule:
MHC
each person is a unique "self" determined by:
complement fixation
C1 binds to IgM to a bacterial cell surface:
IgM & IgD
found on the mature B Cell
exits in unrelated plants or animals
Heteroantigen is one that:
binding to antigen
Fab fragment of the antibody is capable of:
an antibody that reacts with a single epitope of an antigen
Monoclonal antibody
bacteria
the alternative pathway is activated by:
recognized as nonself
for a substance to be immunogenic, it must be:
alloantigens
human blood type antigens A, B & D are examples of:
Opsonization
in complement cascade, C3 is cleaved into C3a and C3b. C3a is released into circulation but C3b attaches to the cell surface. Which activity is associated with C3b?
IgG
75-80% of circulating Ab
IgM
structure of Ab in plasma includes a joining chain
IgA
most common hereditary immunodeficiency
Chromosome 6
MHG genes are located on:
B cell
don't form rosettes with unsensitized sheep rbc
hapten
antigenic only when coupled to a carrier
T helper cells
release cytokines
CH50
initial screen for classical pathway deficiency
Cytokines
Interlukin 2 (I-2) functions to stimulate T cell proliferation
humural immunity
neutralization of bacterial toxin by antibody
antibody
macrophage
antibody
immunoglobulin
antigen complexed with MHC proteins
the helper cells recognize
Gamma
Heavy chain in IgG
binds to hemoglobin
the function of the acute phase protein haptoglobin
CRP
this acute phase protein is capable of activating the classical pathway of complement
CD4
HIV virus infects this cell
MHC
each person in a unique self determined by their:
CD2 & CD3
both helper and cytotoxic T cell display these markers
elevated during immune response
acute phase protein
complement fixation
C1 binds to IgM that is bound to a bacterial cell surface...this is called
IgG
crosses the placenta
C3
which complement is presented in the greatest quantity
B cell
precursor to plasma cell
natural killer cell
nonspecific killer of tumor cell
kappa and lambda
light chain is made up of:
C3b
opsonization
IgG
present in highest titer during an anamnestic (secondary) response
IgM
most efficient at agglutination
IgA
found in tears, saliva, colostrum
IgM
which is the structure of the antibody in plasma that includes a J or joining chain
IgA
the most common immunodeficiency
IgG
four subtypes of this antibody
IgM
has 10 binding sites
IgG
titer of this antibody would show that vaccination was successful
Monoclonal light chains
Bence Jones proteins are
2 Fab & 1 Fc
treatment with Papain cleaves IgG into 3 fragments
cow pox generates to small pox
cross immunity
natural immunity
natural killer cells
molecular patterns associated with pathogens
dendritic cells recognize self by focusing on:
C5b6789
which of the following is the membrane attack complex of the complement pathway
IgM
which antibody is best at fixing (activating) complement
Neisseria infections
hereditary deficiency of late complement components (C5,C6,C7, or C8) can be associated with which condition
Fc
complement binds to the _________ area of the antibody
properdin
a component associated only with the alternative pathway of complement activation is:
opsonin
C3b coats foreign cells or organisms, tagging them and making the more easily phagocytize. Therefor we can call C3b a(n):
is a measure of total complement activity in the classical pathway
the serum hemolytic complement level (CH50):
C1qrs
which is the "recognition unit" in the classical complement pathway
C4b, C2a
which is the "C3 activation unit" in the classical complement pathway
IgG
crosses the placenta to provide the newborn with passive immunity
IgM
strong agglutination reaction at room temp
IgE
involved in allergic reactions
IgM
the first antibody to be produced in an immune response
IgG or IgM
one of the two antibodies that can fix (activate) complement by the classical pathway