Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to m
Thinking
What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.
Conscientiousness
Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.
High on self-monitoring
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
Which of the following is true of values?
They have content and intensity attributes.
Which of the following is an instrumental value?
Personal discipline
John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?
Investigative
With reference to the Hofstede's framework, which country scores highest in individualism?
United States
Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?
Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.
Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy.
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
Fundamental attribution error
You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.
Selective perception
Rose needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John an
Stereotyping
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.
Bounded rationality
________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.
Availability
________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.
Escalation of commitment
According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
Utilitarianism
Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.
Whistle-Blowers
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?
Physiological
If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?
She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.
Competence and positive connections.
Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?
People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.
Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job?
Inactive Mastery
Helen, a high school teacher, wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use?
She is going to give students extra credit each time that they contribute.
In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.
Outcome-input ratio.
Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice.
Distributive
Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Osc
Performance-reward.
With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?
An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing.
Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?
They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.
When the group energy is focused on the task at hand and the group is fully functional, it is said to be in the stage of ________.
Performing.
Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss som
Role conflict.
Which of the following is true with regard to deviant workplace behavior?
Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group has on the performance of the group?
As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.
Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?
Ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified.
When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions.
Acceptance of solution.
Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager so as to minimize groupthink?
Seeking input from employees before the group leader presents his opinions
The HR department at Bailey Services is considering offering telecommuting as an option to some experienced employees. At a meeting to formalize the move, the heads of the different departments met with Laura Watson, the HR manager. Laura, who thought thi
Group shift.
Which of these groups is the higher performing?
Nominal Group
According to the interactionist view, ________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance.
Functional.
For process conflict to be productive, it must be ________.
Kept low.
The ________ view of conflict focuses on productive resolution of conflicts.
Managed
Stage II of the conflict process deals with the conflict being ________.
Perceived and felt.
Luke's cubicle neighbor Leia, though an understanding and great co-worker, talks loudly on the phone. Luke gets annoyed every time Leia's phone rings, but he has decided it's simply not worth the trouble to talk to her about it. Luke's conflict-handling i
Avoiding.
Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique?
Bringing in outsiders.
Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________.
Reduces group cohesiveness.
As both sides agree that they are competing over a fixed amount of resources, each side feels that what one side wins, the other loses. Based on this information, we can say that the two sides are engaged in ________.
Distributive bargaining.
Which of the following is the first step in the negotiation process?
Preparation and planning.
During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties have the actual discussion to hash out an agreement?
Bargaining and problem-solving.
Which of the following accurately differentiates between work groups and work teams?
Work teams generate a potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs, while work groups cannot perform this function.
Which of the following statements is true regarding self-managed work teams?
In the case of self-managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance.
Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams?
Company reputation.
Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in team meetings because she has seen members talk behind each other's backs after the meetings. Members are constantly monitoring the other members' work and looking for mistakes to point
Climate of trust.
People scoring high on ________ are valuable in teams because they're good at backing up fellow team members and at sensing when their support is truly needed.
Conscientiousness.
Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams?
When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines.
Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy?
Helping the team achieve small successes.
With a deadline approaching, all seven members of Sharon's product development team were working round-the-clock and still the work was not completed in time. After the project was completed, Sharon spoke individually with the members to determine the cau
Dissimilar mental models.
Which of the following must be avoided if one wants to create and maintain an effective team?
Relationship conflicts.
Work should be performed by an individual if ________.
The work is simple and does not require diverse input/
Manuel is a manager for a manufacturing company in which managers are expected to fully document all decisions, and it is important to provide detailed data to support any recommendations. Also, out-of-the-box thinking is dissuaded. Which characteristic o
Low risk taking.
A strong culture should reduce employee turnover, because it results in ________.
Cohesiveness and organizational commitment.
Grace works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals. Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike, come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and
Organizational climate.
Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________.
The organization's environment is dynamic.
Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________.
Establishing norms that filter down through the company.
________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture.
Socialization.
When you start to accept the differences between your expectations and the reality of the organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization.
Metamorphosis.
Bruce is new at Wayne Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Bruce by way of ________.
Stories.
Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which method of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing?
Building on employee strengths.
Organizations that promote a spiritual culture ________.
Recognize that people seek to find meaning and purpose in their work.
Trait theories of leadership focus on ________.
The personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
Which of the following Big Five personality traits has been identified as the most important trait in effective leaders?
Extraversion.
Adrian Atwood, a senior manager at MNC, spends a lot of his time assigning group members to particular tasks and scheduling their work such that deadlines are achievable. Adrian also sets high expectations for standards of performance, and holds regular m
High in initiating structure.
Maurice Harper is a friendly and warm manager who starts her day at work by personally greeting her colleagues and subordinates. Maurice is often seen listening sincerely to employees' concerns and problems. She takes the initiative to hold programs to re
Employee-oriented.
Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success.
Situational variables.
Which of the following theoretical approaches in the study of leadership focuses on followers' readiness as a determinant of effective leadership?
Situational leadership theory.
Which theory of leadership proposes that followers attribute heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors?
Charismatic leadership theory.
Transformational leaders enhance performance of employees by ________.
Building consensus among employees.
The primary quality produced by authentic leadership is ________.
Trust.
The president of a small Asian country was hailed as a visionary and a genius when the nation's economy burgeoned during his first term in office. However, when the currency and the stock markets crashed during his government's second term, he was censure
Attribution theory.
Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the p
Leading.
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, s
Liaison.
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.
Human skills.
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks?
Decision making.
According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization.
Networking.
Which of the following is true with regard to leadership?
It focuses on downward influence on followers.
As a regional sales officer, one of Brandon's job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisal forms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, or benefits based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directly r
Reward power.
Dependence would be low when ________.
The goods have substitutes.
Which of the following power tactics uses warnings and threats and is typically the least effective of all the power tactics?
Pressure
________ is the only tactic effective across organizational levels.
Rational persuasion.
To avoid politicking during performance evaluations, an organization should ________.
Use objective criteria.
Reactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change are termed ________.
Defensive behaviors.