Situation, target, and perceiver
Employee B was upset by Employee A's behavior at the department's planning meeting. Which factors will influence Employee B's perception in this situation?
Stimulation, task and skills
Heredity, environment and perceiver
Problem, criteria, and alternative
Instrumental values
A person is broadminded, courageous, and forgiving. Which type of values are these?
Determinate values
Instrumental values
Terminal values
Transitory values
Intrinsic reward
An employee enjoys having a large span of responsibility and is motivated to do well because of personal feelings. Which reward us this?
Extrinsic reward
Intrinsic reward
Affiliation reward
Compensatory reward
Equity theory
Manager A supervises 10 district units with 100 employees and receives $100,000 in compensation. Manager B supervises 5 district units with 50 employees and also receives $100,000 in compensation. Manager A is upset by the relationship and is looking for
Challenge and direction
A manager challenged an employee to produce an average of 24 assemblies each day for a week. This production goal was higher than the employee had ever achieved during any week. The manager gave the employee a tally sheet to mark after each assembly was c
Norming
Which stage of the five stage group development model is characterized by developing close relationships and cohesiveness?
Storming
Performing
Forming
Norming
Group Norm
What defines a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to a person occupying a given position in a social unit?
Group status
Group Norm
Group conformity
Group role
Formal Group
What type of group is defined by the organization's structure?
Informal group
Unified group
Designated group
Formal group
Establish more rigid roles for group members
Management has noticed that the quality improvement work group is struggling because member's seem to be working in different directions. Which suggested action can the company take to increase group cohesiveness?
Physically isolate the group
Make the gro
Altering the human variable
To resolve a conflict between the department staff and the janitorial staff, the department head informs the department staff of a new policy prohibiting the eating of food at the desk. Which type of conflict resolution technique does this represents?
Alt
When performance norms are high, productivity will be higher than in a cohesive group.
What is an advantage of a group that is not very cohesive?
When performance norms are low, productivity may be higher than in a cohesive group
There is less need for giving rewards as group rewards
When making a group decision, groupthink is more likely t
Social loafing
Which term describes the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually?
Social Loafing
Employee disengagement
Independent effort
Selective perception
Increased diversity of views
What is a strength of group making?
Increased diversity of views
Conformity pressures in group
Reduced time for making decisions
Power of groupthink
Members of the group generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.
Which statement is true about work teams?
Members of the group generate positive synergy through coordinated effort.
Members work together to neutralize synergy
The primary goal is to share info that is helpful to individual efforts
The member's primary f
Cross-Functional Teams
What type of team is formed when employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different work areas come together to accomplish a task?
Cross-Functional Teams
Diverse team
Virtual Team
Divergent team
Overcome time and space constraints and create limited social context
What are primary factors that differentiate virtual teams from face-to-face teams?
Improve employee satisfaction and create more frequent social context
Overcome time and space constraints and create limited social context
Reduce para verbal cues and crea
Problem-solving team members come from the same work unit
What is a characteristic of problem-solving teams that is different than cross functional teams?
Propensity for social loafing
A team was assigned a project. Halfway through the project it was obvious that the team-was failing to meet expectations. Management had made sure that individuals assigned to the team had good interpersonal skills as well as good problem-solving and deci
A climate of trust, members who fill role demands and a large team size
When organizing a team to develop a new quality control system, management wanted to assign team members having characteristics common to effective teams.
Group performance evaluation, absence of conflict and members who fill role demands
A manageable lev
Assign individual roles rather than mutual team roles
A company switched from assembly lines to self-managed work teams. What can team members do to improve the synergy and success of their teams?
Share info but not engage in collective performance goals
Assign individual roles rather than mutual team roles
Reward system that rewards both individual and group activity
A company is changing their work organization from employees working individually to the use of teams. Which reward system could be used to foster long-term team effectiveness?
Virtual teams
Management is considering a reorganization of sales regions and plans to allow employees to live and working in their respective sales territories throughout the United States, However, the vice president of sales wants the regionally-dispersed agents to
Video conferencing technology
What is the optimal method for maximizing team member participation in a global meeting?
Unilateral communication techniques
Hard copy messaging
E-mail
Video conferencing technology
Coach the team through the difficulty
A newly-formed team is struggling to become productive but cannot decide who should do what. How should the team leader attempt to resolve the problem?
Research the problem and impose a solution without argument
Disband the problem and impose a solution w
A shared system of meanings that is unique to the organization
Which option defines organizational culture?
Attention to detail, innovation and risk taking, people orientation
Which attributes are included in the seven primary characteristics that define an organizations culture?
Aggressiveness, competitive focus, innovation
Political attitude, attention to detail, team orientation
Attention to detail, innovation and risk takin
Socialization process
What is one of the forces that plays a particularly important role in sustaining an organizations culture?
By using material symbols and specific language
How can an organization transmit its culture to its employees?
When cultural incompatibility deters making acquisitions or mergers
When is organizational culture considered dysfunctional?
The company has low employee turnover
What is an advantage of a strong organizational culture?
Articulate an appealing vision
How might charismatic leader work to increase performance in an organization?
Avoid unconventional behavior
Articulate an appealing vision
Issue a memo calling for increased effort
Demonstrate Type A behavior.
Leader-member exchange theory
Which contingency theory of leadership proposes that early in the interaction between a leader and a given follower the leader implicitly categorizes the follower as an "in" or an "out"?
Path-Goal theory
Leader-member exchange theory
Situational leadershi
Provides vision and sense of mission and gains trust
What is a characteristic employed by transformation leaders?
Practices management by exception
Provides vision and sense of mission and gains trust
Contracts exchange of rewards for efforts
Intervenes only if performance standards are not met
Counseling and sponsorship
Which approach might be used to mentor a less-experienced employee?
Coaching and threatening
Refereeing and counseling
Threatening and sponsorship
Counseling and sponsorship
Super ordinate goals and altering the structural variables
Which conflict-resolution techniques might a manager use to control the level of conflict that has become dysfunctional?
With defensive behaviors
Recognize how workplace politics influence behavior within an organization.
To provide feedback and determine reward allocation
What is a purpose performance evaluations?
The relationship is acceptable but performance evaluations have little potential for impacting innovation
What is true about the relationship between performance evaluation and motivation?
When both internal and external customer feedback is helpful
In which circumstance would the use of 360-degree performance evaluations apply?
Team cooperativeness
A company has restructured around teams but performance has not met expectations. What should be the main evaluation criterion in an appropriate performance evaluation for supporting and improving the performance of teams?
Team members attitudes
Team coop
An individual personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes
Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
An individual's personality is determined by the social background one is brought up in.
An individual personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes
An individual's personality is in
Thinking
Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to m
It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
What is the major problem with the Myers Briggs Type indicator as a measure of personality?
Conscientiousness
-----is as important for managers as for front line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to experience
high on self-monitoring
Individuals scoring ---- have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.
More likely to be seen as leaders
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
They have content and intensity attributes
Which of the following is true of values
They are void of judgmental element
They are invariably fluid and flexible in nature
They have content and intensity attributes
They never change irrespective of external factors
They are always established in a pe
Personal Discipline
Which of the following is an instrumental value?
Economic success
Social recognition
Personal discipline
world peace
meaning in life
Investigative
John Holland's personality job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?
analytic
imaginative
practical
investigative
intuitive
United States
With reference to the Hofstede's framework, the country that scores highest in individualism
United States
Finland
Australia
Great Britain
Norway
Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.
Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?
a) Perception of reality is independent of one's personality.
b) Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made.
c) Our perception
An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy.
Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
a) An employee was late for a team meeting because of a heavy downpour.
b) An employee was laid off because the company was attempting to cut costs by laying off employees.
c) An employee
fundamental attribution error
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
a) fundamental attribution error
b) bandwago
stereotyping
Rose needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John an
selective perception
You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.
a) stereotyping
b) self-serving bias
c) halo effect
d) selective perception
e) contrast effect
active selection
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.
a) optimal decision making
b) intuitive decision making
c) bounded rationality
d
Overconfidence
________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.
a) Anchoring
b) Availability
c) Overconfidence
d) Confirmation
e) Hindsight
Availability
________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.
a) Anchoring
b) Availability
c) Overconfidence
d) Confirmation
e) Hindsight
Escalation of commitment
-----refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence its wrong.
Escalation of commitment
Fundamental attribution error
Randomness error
Risk Aversion
Availability Bias
utilitarianism
According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
a) utilitarianism
b) selective perception
c) self-fulfilling prophecy
d) halo effect
e) contrast
whistle-blowers
Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.
a) change agents
b) boundary spanners
c) early adopters
d) whistle-blowers
e) free riders
physiological
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?
a) safety
b) physiological
c) social
d) esteem
e) psychological
She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.
If Alberta is a categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?
a) She will empower her subordinates.
b) She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters.
c) She will strictly control
competence and positive connections
Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.
a) competence and positive connections
b) high rewards
c) recognition and status
d) career growth
e) power and control
People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals.
Which of the following statements is true regarding goal-setting theory?
a) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control.
b) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback.
c) Generalized g
enactive mastery
Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job?
a) verbal persuasion
b) enactive mastery
c) vicarious modeling
d) arousal
e) cognitive learning
She is going to give students extra credit each time that they contribute.
Helen, a high school teacher, wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use?
a) She is going to call on students
d) outcome-input ratio
In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.
a) cost-benefit ratio
b) efficiency-effectiveness trade-off
c) quantity-quality trade-off
d) outcome-input ratio
e) quality of outcome
distributive
Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of ________ justice.
a) interactional
b) inte
performance-reward
9) Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory,
An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing.
10) With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship?
a) An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level.
b) An organization's appraisal system asses
c) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.
Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?
a) Perception of reality is independent of one's personality.
b) Our perception of a target is not affected by the context of the situation in which the perception is made.
c) Our perception
c) An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy.
Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
a) An employee was late for a team meeting because of a heavy downpour.
b) An employee was laid off because the company was attempting to cut costs by laying off employees.
c) An employee
a) fundamental attribution error
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
a) fundamental attribution error
b) bandwago
d) selective perception
You are more likely to notice a car like your own due to ________.
a) stereotyping
b) self-serving bias
c) halo effect
d) selective perception
e) contrast effect
d) stereotyping
Rose needs to give a presentation to the board of directors of her organization next week. She knows that her presentation will play an important role in her performance appraisal in the next quarter. However, she knows that two of her colleagues, John an
c) bounded rationality
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________.
a) optimal decision making
b) intuitive decision making
c) bounded rationality
d
b) Availability
________ bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easily accessible.
a) Anchoring
b) Availability
c) Overconfidence
d) Confirmation
e) Hindsight
a) Escalation of commitment
________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.
a) Escalation of commitment
b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Randomness error
d) Risk aversion
e) Availability bias
a) utilitarianism
According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number.
a) utilitarianism
b) selective perception
c) self-fulfilling prophecy
d) halo effect
e) contrast
d) whistle-blowers
Individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders are known as ________.
a) change agents
b) boundary spanners
c) early adopters
d) whistle-blowers
e) free riders