Which of the following methods suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations?
Method of Experiance
_______ is a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.
Organizational Behavior
True or False: To counter the effects of a bad product, effective management of OB can help make the product get better, incrementally, over the long term.
True
Which of the following explains the term casual inferences?
Establishing that one variable really does cause another.
In Organizational Behavior research, a correlation of +1 between two variables is considered:
Perfect
Which of the following correlations indicate no statistical relationship between two variables?
0
True or False: The strength of a correlation can be inferred from the "compactness" of its scatter plot.
True
True or False: A correlation describes the statistical relationship between two variables.
True
Which of the following correlations indicate a perfect statistical relationship between two variables?
1
True or False: The integrative model of OB presents five individual mechanisms that directly affect the individual outcomes: motivation; learning; and decision making; job performance; leadership styles and behaviors; and ethics.
False
True or False: The Rule of One-Eigth suggests that about 88 percent of companies will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first.
False
True or False: Understanding correlation is important because OB questions are not "yes or no" in nature.
True
Which of the following is primary individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers according to the integrative model?
Job Performance
Which of the following individual characteristics illustrated in integrative model of OB reflect the various traits and tendencies that describe how people act, with commonly studied traits including extroversion, conscientiousness, and collectivism
Personality and Cultural Values
Which of the following group mechanisms summarize how individuals attain authority over others?
Leader power and negotiation
Which of the following consider employees' psychological responses to job demands that tax or exceed their capabilities?
Stress
According to the Rule of One-Eigth
at best 12 percent of organizations will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first
True or False: The best way to understand correlation between two variables is to look at a scatter plot
True
True or False: Proponents of evidence-based management argue that human resources should be transformed into a sort of R&D department for managing people
True
True or False: Analyses are written predictions that specify relationship between variables
False
Frank, an HR manager, believes that his implementations of HR practices in the company is impeccable, because he receives that inputs for these practices from the CEO himself. Which of the following philosophies is he relying on?
Method of Authority
True or False: According to the method of experience, people hold firmly to some of their beliefs because scientific studies have tended to replicate results using a series of samples, settings, and methods.
False
Which of the following focuses on product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability?
Strategic Management
OB primarily uses _______ models to understand motivation, learning, and decision making
Economic
Which organizational mechanism illustrated by the integrative model dictates how the units within the firm link to other units.
Organizational Structure
True or False: Job satisfaction reflects employees' psychological responses to job demands that tax or exceed their capacities.
False
Donna believes that 360 degree performance review is ideal for her company because she recently read about a major survey of Fortune 100 companies that highlighted the effectiveness of this method. Which of the following philosophies is she relying on?
Method of Science
Of the following, which is a primary individual outcome according to the integrative model?
Organizational Commitment
Which of these is one of the conditions necessary to establish causal inferences?
The presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time.
Of the following methods, which suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so?
Method of Authority
True or False: Learning and decision making deal with how employees gain job knowledge and how they use that knowledge to make accurate judgments on the job.
True
_____ is defined as a collection of assertions that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should and should not be related.
Theory
Correlation can be positive or negative and can range from _____.
-1 to +1
Choose the method which suggests that people accept some belief because scientific studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods?
Method of Science
Tran is interested in the effects of the choice of reward on employee motivation. She knows that there have been several studies done on this subject and compares their results looking for an average correlation. Tran is conducting a ______.
Meta-analysis
The scientific method requires that theories be used to inspire _____.
Hyptheses
Which of these takes all the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average of them?
Meta-analysis
True or False: According to the resource-based view of organizations, a firm's resources do not include resources related to organizational behavior, such as the knowledge, ability, and wisdom of the workforce.
False
Which of these individual mechanisms captures the energetic forces that drive employees' work efforts?
Motivation
True or False: The integrative model of OB acknowledges that employees work in one or more work teams led by some formal leader.
True
True or False: The Container Store, a retailer based out of Texas, is considering a performance based incentive system for its employees. This is an example of motivation.
True
True or False: Much of what we know about organizational behavior is considered universal and "culture-free" showing that managing people faces the sane challenges everywhere.
False
Which of the following is not one of the methods by which people "know" things?
Method of Education
True or False: Theory is defined as a collection of assertions�both verbal and symbolic�that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related.
True
True or False: Leader power and negotiation summarize how individuals attain authority over others.
True
True or False: Causal inferences means establishing that one variable really does cause another.
True
_______ summarize the statistical relationships between variables.
Correlations
The resource-based view of organizations suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is _____.
Inimitable
True or False: Meta-analyses cannot form the foundation for evidence-based management.
False
True or False: Big decisions are visible to competitors and observable by industry experts.
True
Which of the following suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because it "just stands to reason"�it seems obvious or self-evident?
Method of Intuition
True or False: Strategic management focuses on the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability.
True
True or False: It is often easy to "fix" companies that struggle with OB issues.
False
Culture, trust, teamwork, and reputation are termed "_____" because it's not always clear how they came to develop, though it is clear which organizations do possess them.
socially complex
True or False: People create history, a collective pool of experience, wisdom, and knowledge that benefits the organization.
True
True or False: The method of intuition suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because it seems obvious or self-evident.
True
True or False:Firms that do not undergo an IPO typically have shorter histories and need an infusion of cash to grow or introduce some new technology.
False
True or False: The theories and concepts found in OB are drawn from two disciplines: human resources management and strategic management.
False
As employees gain experience, they obtain job knowledge and use this knowledge to make accurate judgments on the job. Which individual mechanism is referred to in this statement?
Learning and Decision Making
True or False: The integrative model of OB was designed with the Rule of One-Eighth in mind.
True
According to the integrative model, job satisfaction is a(n) ______.
Individual Mechanism
True or False: Resources like culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation are termed "socially complex" because it is not always clear which organizations do (and do not) possess them, though it is clear how they came to develop.
False
Which of the following focuses on the product choices and industry characteristics that affect an organization's profitability?
Strategic Management
Which of the following takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the applications of those principles in organizations?
Human Resource Management
When a firm expands into a new product segment, it is known as _____.
Product Diversification
Which of the following reflect(s) the degree to which employees feel that their company does business with fairness, honesty, and integrity?
Trust, justice, and ethics
_____ is the organizational mechanism in the integrative model that captures "the way things are" in an organization.
Organizational Culture
True or False: Analyses are written predictions that specify relationships between variables.
False
The scientific method begins with _____.
Theory
_______ are written predictions that specify relations between variables.
Hypotheses
Which of the following considers employees' psychological responses to job demands that tax or exceed their capabilities?
Stress
The resource-based view suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is _____.
Rare
Which of the following conditions is necessary to establish causal inferences?
No alternative explanation exists for the correlation
The level of creativity demonstrated by PIXAR animators is rare. Therefore, according to the _______, these employees are valuable to the firm.
Resource-based view of organizations
Which of the following is one of the two primary goals managers have for their employees?
Maximization of job performance
Which of the following is a minor organizational counterproductive behavior?
Wasting Resources
Behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions are referred to as:
Property deviance
The ______ method of performance evaluation can encourage hypercompetition among workers, behavior that is the opposite of what is needed in today's team-based organizations.
Forced ranking method
True or False: Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone gives an accurate picture of which employees are worth more to the organization.
False
_____ is the most common form of production deviance.
Wasting Resources
Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them, instead of passively complaining about them. This positive characteristic refers to:
Voice
The _____ approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors.
360-degree-feedback
_____ involves employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable.
Adaptive task performance
Behaviors that focus specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output are known as _____.
Production deviance
_____ represents communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners.
Incivility
True or False: A company that tells managers that only 10% of their subordinates can receive excellent performance ratings and an additional 12% must receive unacceptable rankings is using a percentage ranking system.
False
Sandy works in a factory where employees are expected to complete 14 widgets each hour. The managers are very strict and frequently check to make sure employees are actually completing at least this base number of widgets each hour. The employees are bein
Routine task performance
True or False: Task performance includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces.
True
Citizenship behaviors can be divided into the two main categories of:
Interpersonal and organizational
Which of the following about the forced ranking method is false?
The B players possess the four Es of GE Leadership
True or False: People who engage in one form of counterproductive behavior do not usually engage in other forms.
False
True or False: Property deviance refers to behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions.
True
There is _____ correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior.
A weak negative
True of False: BARS emphasizes the results of job performance as much as it does the performance behaviors themselves.
False
True or False: Task performance is the set of explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment.
True
The _____ approach uses critical incidents to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance.
Behaviorally anchored rating scales
Managers know what behaviors to emphasize in training programs and to assess when doing performance evaluations by referring to a ______.
Job analysis
True or False: Citizenship behavior is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded.
True
True or False: Creative task performance is an expected behavior limited to jobs such as artist and inventor.
False
Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals rather than the larger organization are referred to as _____.
Political deviance
True or False: Routine task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.
False
Captive Minds, an entrepreneurial organization, started a monthly journal "Lecture Day." The journal is dedicated to the aspiring businessmen to put forth their business ideas in an open forum. Feedback is given through the company website, which can be v
Social Networking System
_____ includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces.
Task Performance
When a manager evaluated how much time a coach spends with the team, the coach's ethical impact on team member behaviors, and the clarity of the coach's explanations of new plays, the manager is assessing the coach's ______.
Job performance
True or False: Interpersonal citizenship behavior is not important when employees work in small groups or teams.
False
Which of the following is a type of serious interpersonal counterproductive behavior?
Harassment
True or False: In addition to being more cognitive, knowledge work tends to be more structured and static in nature.
False
True or False: Creative ideas that are not implemented do not count towards positive job performance.
False
Charlet, Natalie, and Rose are three dental hygienists who work for Dr. Doris at Healthy White. All three hygienists perform almost the same tasks every day. On an average, they see 12 people every day for regular teeth cleaning which involves cleaning, f
Civic Virtue
The management technique that assesses an employee's performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is known as _____
behaviorally anchored rating scales`
For a kindergarten teacher, assisting her students out of a smoke-filled elementary school is an example of _____.
Adaptive task performance
Which of the following statements about the O*NET is false?
It captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitiors
True or False: Sportsmanship involves maintaining a good attitude with coworkers, even when they've done something annoying or when the unit is going through tough times.
True
Behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions are referred to as:
Property deviance
Natalie, Charlet, and Rose are three dental hygienists who work for Dr. Doris at Healthy White. All three hygienists perform almost the same tasks every day. On an average, they see 12 people every day for regular teeth cleaning which involves cleaning, f
Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior
Property deviance includes _____.
sabotage and theft
Which of the following is false about interpersonal behavior?
Interpersonal behavior is most important when employees work in large groups.
True or False: Job performance is formally defined as the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment.
True
True or False: Wasting resources is the most common form of production deviance.
True
True or False: Service work involves direct verbal or physical interactions with customers.
True
True or False: Courtesy refers to keeping coworkers informed about matters that are relevant to them.
True
True or False: O*NET captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitors.
False
True or False: The O*NET is an online government database that describes the results of task performance behaviors that must be reported by firms to the government on an annual basis.
False
Terry works doing oil changes and is sick and tired of rude customers. Terry decides to purposely use the wrong type of oil for the next rude customer knowing that it will harm the customer's engine in the long run but won't be traceable or noticed immedi
Counterproductive Behavior
True or False: Feed back from BARS can help an employee develop and improve over time.
True
Adaptability involves all of the following EXCEPT:
Performing daily routine work.
Charlet, Rose, and Natalie are three dental hygienists who work for Dr. Doris at Healthy White. All three hygienists perform almost the same tasks every day. On an average, they see 12 people every day for regular teeth cleaning which involves cleaning, f
Boosterism
The electronic database used to identify the set of behaviors needed to define task performance is known as the:
Occupational anchored ratings scale network.
All of the following are forms of counterproductive behaviors EXCEPT:
Aggressive training.
Which of the following occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered such that physical and psychological injuries may occur?
Abuse
Behavior that involves hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees is referred to as _____.
Personal aggression
True or False: There is a very low level of bias in a 360-degree rating system when participants believe the information will be used for compensation, rather than for skill development.
False
Which of the following occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague?
Harrassment
Charles finds an advertisement for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities of the accountant's position. These job
Task Performance
True or False: Despite its popularity, 360-degree feedback is not well suited for developing employee talent.
False
Which of the following performance appraisal systems refers to a philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals?
Management by objectives
Citizens" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Citizens" are likely to respond to negative events with _____ because they may not have the credibility needed to inspire change but p
loyalty
Employees who feel a sense of _____ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism.
Affective
True or False: Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance and merely exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.
False
True or False: Organizational commitment is the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization.
True
When employees engage in _____, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.
Moonlighting
True or False: Jack grew up in Peoria. Both his family and his wife's family live there. This family background would create a high level of affective commitment.
False
_____" contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.
Psychological
True or False: Voice is defined as a passive, constructive response to a negative work event that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement.
False
Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment that focuses on personal and family issues more than the other two commitment types?
Continuance commitment
Which of the following is a form of physical withdrawal?
Tardiness
True or False:The compensatory forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated.
False
An active, constructive response to a negative situation, in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as _____.
Voice
EuroOne, a mutual fund company, is cutting its human resource in large numbers because of the recession. The employees who still have their jobs are angered and depressed by the happenings. They have lost the trust they had in the management and are not s
Surivor
True or False: Affective commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.
False
The "_____ syndrome" is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.
Survivor
Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees?
Stars
Which of the following is a psychological withdrawal behavior?
Moonlighting
Mauve has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 10 years. Her growth at Juno has made her one of the finest designers in the field. Of late Mauve has been receiving several offers and inquiries from head hunters from other compani
Continuance
Maria is rather quiet at her work place. Her only friend at work, Nancy, quit the company a month ago. The _____ model suggests that Maria will soon quit her job because Nancy is not working in the same organization anymore.
Social Influence
Which model of withdrawal has received the most scientific support?
Progression model
According to the _____ model of withdrawal, various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.
Independent forms
The desire to remain a member of an organization due to emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization is called "_____ commitment.
Affective
Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment?
Normative Commitment
True or False: Continuance commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation.
False
_____ psychological contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.
Transactional
The most widespread form of psychological withdrawal among white-collar employees is _____, using Internet, e-mail, and instant messaging access for their personal enjoyment rather than work duties.
Cyberloafing
_____" is a form of withdrawal in which employees appear to be working but are actually distracted by random thoughts or concerns.
Daydreaming
True or False: The progression model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another�that doing one means you're less likely to do another. The idea is that any form of withdrawal can compensate for, or neu
False
True or False: Exit is defined as a passive, destructive response to a negative work event in which interest and effort on the job declines.
False
True or False: The social influence model of withdrawal behavior suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.
False
Lone wolves" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Lone wolves" are likely to respond to negative events with _____.
Exit
True or False: A lack of employment alternatives is one of the factors that increase continuance commitment.
True
Which of the following terms refers to the work and nonwork forces that bind us to our current employer?
Embeddedness
The factors that increase normative commitment include:
A sense that the organization has invested in the employee
Sean recently joined the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has had the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the nerve of the target audience. However, he also has the reputati
Voice
Jacklyn loves her job, admires her boss, believes in the goals and vision of the company. She can't imagine looking for or finding a better job. Jacklyn most likely would demonstrate ______.
a high level of organizational commitment
Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with _____ or _____.
exit; neglect
True of False: Employees falling under the category of "stars" possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company.
False
Red, Jess, and Frankare coworkers at Crossroad Inc. Having worked at CI for five years now, the three are discussing their career one day during lunch break when they heard Mary just quit and decided to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not
normative commitment
The term "focus of commitment" refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
industry regulations
Jess, Frank, and Ted are coworkers at Crossroad Inc. Having worked at CI for five years now, the three are discussing their career one day during lunch break when they heard Mary just quit and decided to work for a competitor. Frank remarks that it is not
affective commitment
Nelson Roe works as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards in the NBA. Recently he was offered the Head-coaching duties at the Portland Blazers. Though their terms and remuneration were very attractive and it would be a huge career move for Nelson,
normative
_____ commitment exists when there is a sense that staying at a firm is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.
Normative
_____" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance.
Apathetics
Sean was recently added to the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has had the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the nerve of the target audience. However, he also has the re
Exit
Apathetics tend to respond to negative events with _____, because they are low performers who lack marketable skills, and who do not have a high enough level of organizational commitment needed to engage in acts of citizenship.
Neglect
True or False: Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" tend to respond to negative events with voice because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change.
False
True or False: Examples of psychological withdrawal include missing meetings and tardiness.
False
True or False: Continuance commitment tends to create more of a passive form of loyalty.
True
A passive, constructive response to negative events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as _____.
Loyalty
______ adjustment, the extent to which expatriates have difficulty socializing and interacting with member of the host culture, can affect the level of organizational commitment in global organizations.
Interaction
The set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation that may eventually culminate in the employee quitting the organization are referred to as _____ behavior.
Withdrawl
True or False: Organizational commitment should increase the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with voice or loyalty.
True
Which of the following terms refers to the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization?
Organizational Commitment
True or False: Continuance commitment exists when there's a profit associated with staying and a cost associated with leaving.
True
True or False: Survivor syndrome refers to the anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt of the employees who remain after an organization downsizes.
True
True of False: Continuance commitment focuses on personal and family issues more than affective and normative commitment.
True
Miranda works for the United Bank at Madison. She feels over-worked and dislikes her job profile. But Miranda cannot quit because she needs the job to repay her education loan.
What type of commitment does Miranda have?
Continuance commitment
Stars" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Stars" likely respond to negative events with _____ because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to
Voice
Organizational commitment should increase the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work with _____ or _____.
loyalty; voice