students know earth process today are similar to those that occurred in
the past and slow geologic processes have large cumulative effects over long periods of time
Students know the history of life on earth has been disrupted by MAJOR events such as
Catastrophic events 1.Major Volcanic eruptions or the 2. impact of Asteroids
Rock cycle includes the formation of new sediment and the rocks and the rocks are often found in
Layers with the oldest generally found on the bottom, think of the end of the book being farther from the start.
Evidence from " 1" and "2" indicates the earth is approximately ? old and life on this Planet existed for more than ? years?
Geologic layers and radioactive dating
Earth is 4.6 Billion years old.
Life on Earth is more than 3 Billion years old.
Movements of Earth's (1) and (2) Through time, with associated changes in climate and geographic connections, have
affected the past and present distribution of organisms.
What is relative age?
it relates to the age of something else that is compared to.
Geology
Study of structure of earth, the forces that make and shape it.
erosion
Occurs when running water, ice, or wind break down rocks and carry the pieces away. Hutton concluded these same processes occurred a long time ago.
uniformitarianism
KEY FACTOR, the principle of ( ) states GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT OPERATE TODAY ALSO OPERATED IN THE PAST.
ingenous rock
FORM WHEN MOLTEN MATERIAL BENEATH EARTH'S SURFACE COOLS AND HARDENS. MAY FORM BELOW THE EARTH'S SURFACE.
metamorphic rock
CHANGE" IS IN THE WORD, forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Most form under pressure DEEP underground.
rock cycle KEY POINT
FORCES INSIDE EARTH AND AT THE SURFACE PRODUCE A ROCK CYCLE THAT BUILDS, CHANGES AND DESTROYS ROCKS.
magma
Molten material beneath the surface, as it is forced toward the surface, it may form a volcanic mountain. If it hardens before reaching the surface it becomes igneous rock such as BASALT OR GRANITE think plates, but if it flows to the surface as a liquid
lava
rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos - NOT IN A ROCK STATE!!!!
Sedimentary rock
A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
relative age
the age of something compared with other things, the age of rock compared to the ages of other rocks
absolute age
The age of a rock given as the number of years since the rock formed.
law of superposition
The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it.
extrusion
squeezing out by applying pressure
intrusion
the forcing of molten rock into fissures or between strata of an earlier rock formation
fault
(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
unconformity
where there is gap in the rock layers, a break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time
inclusion
a piece of rock that is contained in another rock; it is always younger than the rock containing it
index fossil
a fossil known to have lived in a particular geologic age that can be used to date the rock layer in which it is found
atom
(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
element
an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up
radioactive delay
exhibiting or caused by radioactivity
half-life
the time required for one half of the atoms of a radioisotope to emit radiation an decay products
plate
a rigid layer of the Earth's crust that is believed to drift slowly
theory of plate tectonics
State that Earth's lithosphereis broken into huge, moving slabs of rock driven by motions in the mantle
continental drift
the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)
geologic time scale
scale used by paleontologists to represent evolutionary time
era
a major division of geological time
period
a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed
invertebrate
lacking a backbone or spinal column
vertebate
animal with a backbone
amphibian
cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water
reptile
any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
mass extinction
event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time
mammal
any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair
KEY POINT WHAT 3 TYPES OF GROUPS DO GEOLOGISTS CLASSIFY ROCKS INTO?
SIM
IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC