a transmissible disease is least likely to be caused by
a hazardous chemical
mumps
is not one of the four most deadly infectious diseases
bacteria is not a _-strategist
k
increased amount of ultraviolet light because of thinning ozone layer is
least responsible for the rise of bacterial diseases once controlled by antibiotics
tuberculosis is caused by
bacteria
vaccines can help prevent all of the following except
AIDS
malaria is caused by
plasmodium parasites
malaria is spread by
anopheles mosquitoes
blindness is not a symptom of
malaria
incidence of malaria has increased since 1970 because
all of these- organisms develop resistance to drugs, vectors develop resistance. reservoirs from hydropower have increased
hepatitis b is caused by
viruses
since 1900, the incidences of infectious diseases and the death rates from such diseases have
been greatly reduced
the world's top five deadliest diseases correctly arranged in order from most to least deadly are
influenza, HIV, malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis
according to a 2000 study, at least ___ of all antibiotics used to treat humans are prescribed unnecessarily
one half
the west nile virus is transmitted to humans by
mosquitoes
about ___ people in the world are at risk from malaria
1 in 5
the lyme disease bacterium is passed onto humans directly from
ticks
hazardous chemicals include
all of these- acides, asphyxiants, allergens, strong bases
PCBs, methyl mercury and arsenic are
examples of neurotoxins
DDT, PCBs, atrazine, bisphenol-A, and phthalates are all examples of
hormonally active agents
mutagens directly change molecules of
DNA
teratogens
cause birth defects
radiation, viruses, and chemicals can all cause
birth defects
carcinogens cause
cancer
the system responsible for defense against disease and harmful substances is the
immune system
synthetic chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses like HIV can
weaken the immune system (All of these)
the uterus is not a part of the
nervous system
specialized cells, tissues, and organz which secrete hormones are part of the
endocrine system
the system responsible for growth, reproductive development, and much of our behavior is the
endoctrine system
the endocrine system is least likely to be disrupted by the intake of
vitamin e
the intake of synthetic mimics can severely disrupt the
endocrine system
you have been studying a large lake ecosystem. you learn that PCBs have been dumped into the water. you predict that the most affected populationw ould be the
predatory birds
dose
the amount of substance a person ingests, inhales, or absorbs through the skin
biomagnification
relates to the amount of potentially toxic subtance as it passes through food chains and webs
response
the type and amount of health damage that occurs from exposure to a chemical or other agent
bioaccumulation
relates to the fact that some molecules are absorbed and stored in specific organs or tissues at higher than normal levels
persistence
the term that is used to refer to the chemicals that are resistant to breakdown and have long-lasting harmful effects on the health of wildlife and people
children have ___ times the exposure risk of adults to cancer-causing chemicals
10
of the 85000 registered synthetic chemicals in commercial use, only ____ have been adequately tested
2%
in which particular region of the world are scientists and health officials especially pushing for much greater emphasis on pollution prevention?
european union
some individuals can be responsive and highly susceptible to a number of different toxins. this is referred to as
multiple chemical sensitivity
a person receiving background radiation from a low-level radioactive dump site for a lifetime has experienced
a chronic exposure
a person flying over the Chernobyl site two days after the explosion most probably experienced _____ to radioactive substances
an acute exposure
a person experiencing dizziness after using a strong household cleared is showing
an acute effect
a person experiencing liver damage after a lifetime of alcohol abuse is showing
a chronic effect
a person with kidney damage after an acute exposure to a toxic chemical is experiencing
an acute effect
TRUE STATEMENT- some chemicals, whether synthetic or natural, are safe and others are deadly
...
which of the following shortens the average life span in the US by 7.5 years?
born male
pesticides are considered by EPA science advisors to be
medium-risk ecological problems
EPA science advisors consider oil spills and thermal pollution to be
low-risk ecological problems
EPA science advisors consider indoor and outdoor air pollution to be
high-risk health problems
the major cause of a reduced human life span today is
poverty
susceptibility to environmental stresses is increased in people already affected by
all of these- poverty, disease, malnutrition
regular sunbathing
is the strategy which would contribute least to longer lifespans
in developing countries you are most likely to fear health threats from
unsanitary drinking water
floods, landslides, and hurricanes
can spread disease causing organisms (all of these)
lyme disease is not
a viral disease
in 1918 the highly potent virus that spread rapidly around the globe was
the spanish flu
SARS virus first appeared in humans in what country?
China
In a study that began in 1985, it was found that male alligators were becoming feminized in which body of water?
lake apopka
mutagens
cause mutations
cholera
not a harmful inheritable mutation in humans
two lines of defense in the human bodys immune system are
antibodies and cellular defenses
you would predict that a hormone disrupter would most effect a
tertiary consumer