Nephr or reno
kidney
pyel
renal pelvis: collects urine produced by kidneys
ur, urin,
urine: liquid waste products to be excreted
ureter
transports urine from kidney to bladder
cyst-
urinary bladder: stores waste products
urethr
urethra; tube carrying urine from bladder to outside the body
renal cortex
outer region of the kidney
medulla
inner region of the kidney
renal pelvis
area inside kidney surrounded by cortex and medulla
nephrons
Functional units of the kidneys
glomerulus
cluster of capillaries surrounded by cup shaped membrane called Bowman's capsule
urochrome
the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color
micturation
urination, voiding of bladder
anuria
absence of urine
uremia
toxic condition with excessive amounts of urea (protein waste in urine) in bloodstream
nephrosis
any degeneration of kidneys
edema
excessive accumulation of fluid in body
hyperproteinuria
excessive protein in the urine
hypoproteinuria
low protein in the urine
hydronephrosis
swelling of one or both kidneys
nephrectasis
the distention of a kidney
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of glomerule area of kidney
nephroptosis
prolapse or downward displacement of the kidney
-ptosis
dropping down
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
-lithiasis
presence of stones
hydroureter
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
ureterectasis
enlargement of the ureter
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood through the ureter
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
cystalgia; cystonia
pain in bladder
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystocele
fallen bladder
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhea
abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
epispadias
a congenital abnormality in males of urethra opening (too high)
hypospadia
congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening too low (under normal position)
paraspadias
a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis
diuresis
increased urination
dysuria
painful urination
enuresis
involuntary urination
nocturia
excessive urination at night
oliguria
scanty urination
polyuria
excessive urination flow
incontinence
inability to control urination
dialysis
removal of waste products from blood
hemodialysis
filters waste products directly from the patient's blood
peritoneal dialysis
the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
nephrolysis
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
lithotripsy
destruction of stone using ultrasonic waves traveling through water