Expressive violence
Acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration
Instrumental violence
Acts designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal
Eros
The life instinct, which drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment
Thanatos
The death instinct, which impels towards self-destruction
Psychopharmacological relationship
In such a relationship, violence is the direct consequence of ingesting mood-altering substances
Economic compulsive behavior
Violence committed by drug users to support their habit
Systemic link
A link between drugs and violence that occurs when drug dealers turn violent in their competition with rival gangs
Subculture of violence
A segment of society in which violence has become legitimized by the custom and norms of that group
Rape
The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
Date rape
A rape that involved people who are in some form of courting relationship
Marital exemption
The formerly accepted tradition that a legally married husband could not be charged with raping his wife
Statutory rape
Sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male
Virility mystique
The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from their need for love, respect, and affection
Narcissistic personality disorder
A pattern of traits and behaviors indicating infatuation and fixation with one's self to the exclusion of all others, along with the egotistic and ruthless pursuit of one's own gratification, dominance, and ambition
Aggravated rape
Rape involving multiple offenders, weapons, and victim injuries
Consent
Victim of rape must prove that she is in no way encouraged, enticed, or misled the accused rapist
Shield laws
Laws that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless such questioning directly bears on the case
Murder
The unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought
First-degree murder
Killing a person after premeditation and deliberation
Premeditation
Considering the criminal act beforehand, which suggests that it was motivated by more than a simple desire to engage in an act of violence
Deliberation
Planning a criminal act after careful thought, rather than carrying it out on impulse
Felony murder
A killing that accompanies a felony, such as robbery or rape
Second-degree murder
A person's wanton disregard for the victim's life and his or her own desire to inflict serious bodily harm on the victim, which results in the victim's death
Manslaughter
Homicide without malice
Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter
A killing committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel that provoked violence
Involuntary or negligent manslaughter
A killing that occurs when a person's acts are negligent and without regard for the harm they may cause others
Infanticide
Murder of a very young child
Filicide
Murder of an older child
Eldercide
Murder of a senior citizen
Serial killer
A person who kills three or more persons in three or more separate events
Mass murder
This killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event
Spree killer
A killer of multiple victims whose murders occur over a relatively short span of time and often follow no discernible pattern
Battery
Offensive touching, such as slapping, hitting, or punching a victim
Assault
Either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed (actual touching is not involved)
Road rage
Violent assault by a motorist who loses control of their emotions while driving
Child abuse
Any physical or emotional trauma to a child for which no reasonable explanation, such as an accident or ordinary disciplinary practices, can be found
Neglect
Not providing a child with the care and shelter to which he or she is entitled
Child sexual abuse
The exploitation of children through rape, incest, and molestation by parents or other adults
Robbery
Taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear
Acquaintance robbery
Robbery in which the victim or victims are people the robber knows
Hate crimes (bias crimes)
Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group merely because the targets share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristics
Workplace violence
Violence such as assault, rape, or murder committed at the workplace
Stalking
A course of conduct that is directed at a specific person and involved repeated physical or visual proximity, nonconsensual communication, or verbal, written, or implied threats sufficient to cause fear in a reasonable person
Terrorists
Individuals or groups that systematically attack or threaten violence to terrorize individuals, groups, communities, or governments into acceding to the terrorists' political demands
Guerillas
Fighters who are usually located in rural areas and attack military, police, and government targets in an effort to unseat or replace the existing government
Insurgents
Individuals or groups who confront the existing government for control of all or a portion of its territory, or to force political concessions in sharing political power
Revolutionaries
Either nationalists who struggle against a sovereign power that controls the land, or local groups that battle the existing government over issues of ideology and power
Death squads
Use of government troops to destroy political opposition parties
USA PATRIOT Act (ASAPA)
An act that gives sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight terrorism, to expand the definition of terrorist activities, and to alter sanctions for violent terrorism