Can Enterprise crime involve violence?
Yes, Enterprise violence annually kills and injures more people than all street cromes combined.
Describe White Collar Crime.
White collar crime involves illegal activities of people and institutions whose achknowledged purpose is illegal profit through legitimate business transactions.
Describe Green Collar Crime
Green collar criminology is concerned with the study of environmental harm, environmental laws, and environmental regulations.
Defining White Collar Crime
Examples of white-collar crime includes tax evation, credit card and bankruptcy frauds, embezzlement, violations of trust, swindles, and corportate crime.
White Collar Swindles:
1) people who use a business propostion to fraudulently trick others out of their money.
2)investment swindle:
attempting to fraudulently siphon off client money
Ponzi Scheme involves the payment of purported returns to existing investors from funds contr
Extent of White Collar Crime
1) Almost two thirds of all Americans experience at least one type of white collar crime.
2) estimates of the annual cost of white collar crime are as high as 660 billion dollars
3) 70% of the victims do not report the crime to police.
Mortgage Seindles
1) Foreclosure Rescue Scams - Phantom help where they promise to stop foreclosure, take a fee and fail to do anything
2) Bailout offer to bailout the homeowner and take the house off their hands and allow them to live there until they can get things fixed
Religious Swindles
Uses God to take advantage of people's hope and bilk thousands of people out of $100 million a year.
White Collar Exploitation
An individual abuses his or her power or position in an organization to coerce people into making payments to him or her for services to which they are already entitled - Fire inspector who demands that the owner of a restaurant pay for an operating licen
White collar Chiseling
1) Chiseling schemes deprive a buyer or customer of fair treatment by bending the rules of reasonable and familiar business practices.
2) Professional chiseling: professional who use their position to chisel clients/patients.
3) Secruities Chiseling - ind
Influence Peddling in Government
elected and appointed government officials accepting bribes
Payola
Routine practice in the record industry of paying radio stations and DJs to play songs.
White collar Pilfeage, Embezzlement, and Management Fraud
involbes individuals use of their positions to steal from the company, embezzle company funds or appropriate company property for themselves.
Pilferage
Systematic theft of company property by employees
Management Fraud
Converting or receiving company assets for personal benefit.
White Collar Client Fraud
Theft by an economic client from an organization that advances credit to its clients or sometimes reimburses them for services rendered.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Makes it criminal or civil to make any contact or conspire in retraint of interstate commerce.
Deceptive Pricing
mislead with incomplete or misleading infomration about the price until the contracts are signed, then charge more.
Compliance Strategies
Aim for law conformity without the necessity of detecting, processing, or penalizing individual violators
False Claims Advertising
advertising an item for one price and not having that item in stock but offer similar items at differenct prices
Worker Safety Violations
maintaining unsafe conditions in plants and mines, exposing workers to hazardous materials while on the job.
Deterrence Strategies
involve dtecting criminal violations, determining who is responsible, and penalizing the offenders to deter future violations
Green collar Crime
Involve a wide range of actions and outcomes that harm the environment and that stem from decisions about what is produced, where it is produced, and how it is produced.
forms of Green Collar Crime
1) illegal logging
2) illegal wildlife exports
3) illegal fishing
4) illegal dumping
5) illegal polluting
three independent views on Green collar Crime
1)Legalists - Environmantal crimes are violations of existing criminal laws designed to protect people, the environment or both
2) Environmental justice - according to the environmental justice view, limiting environmental crimes to actual violations of t
Lure
Something that is alluring - something that is so attactive and covetable that it can turn the heads of those who are tempted or predisposed.
Denying the victim
Corportate offentders neutralizing wrongdoing when the target is a fellow business person or business organization.
Cultural View
some business organizations promote white collar criminality in the same way that lower-class culture encourages the development of juvenile gangs and street crime.
Self control
White collar offenders have low self control and are inclined to follow momentary impulses without considering the long-term costs of such behavior.
Thirteenth Century Thieves
Pilgrims -
Fourteenth Century Thieves
Highway man and poachers were full time
Livestock thieves - stealing large numbers of cattle and sheep
Fifteenth Century Thieves
foreign mercenary thieves fighting for both sides in 100 year war.
Eighteenth Century Crimes
Cities started to develop. Some people were homeless. There were three levels of criminals
1) Skilled thieves - worked in large cities
2) Smugglers - worked in sparsely populated areas
3) Poachers - lived in the country and supplemented their diet with wi
Early 1900 Thieves
safes went from using cast iron to layers of copper and steel
Contemporary Thief
Occasional thieves - decision to steal are spontaneous
Professional Thief
Make a significant amount of their income comes from crime. pursue their craft with vigor, while learning from older criminals with experience.
The Fence
Earns money solely by buying and selling stolen merchandise.
The Occasional Fence
Part time. Have other sources of income.
Professional Cargo Thieves
Costs the public between 15 and 30 billion dollars a year. sophisticated operation with well organized hierarchies of leadership.
Becoming a porfessional thief
Professional thieves participate in limited types of crime. Using their wits and skill to develop this occupation with the same determination as legal professionals.
Larceny Theft
the most common theft of all.
Professional car Theft
Highly organized thieves who resell expensive cars after altering their identification numbers and falsifying registration papers
Car Cloning
Phony ownership, registrations, and VIN numbers/plates used
The nature and extent of burglary
It includes any unlawful entry of a structure to commit theft or felony
Planning to Burgle
Because it involves planning, risk, adn skill bulglary has long been associated with professional thieves.
Commercial Burglary
Some burglars prefer to victimize commercial property rather than private homes.
Arson
the willful and malicious burning of a home, public building, vehicle or commericial building.
The juvenile fire starter
The "i'm playing with matches" fire starter usually between 4 and 9 years old because parents leave matches and lighters laying around.
The "crying for help" fire starter 7 - 11 years old uses fire to reduce stress. Have trouble expressing their feeling.
Carjacking
considered robbery because it involves force
Combating Auto Theft
Increase the risks of aprehensions, making it more difficult to steal cars.
Repeat Burglary
Returning to the scene of the crime to repeat their offenses.
Arson for Profit
Professional arsonists have acquired the skills to set fires yet make the cause seem accidental.
Arson Fraud
involves a business owner hurting his or her property or hiring someone to do it to escape financial problems