white collar crime
violations of the criminal law comitted by persons of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation
occupational crime
any act punishable by law that is committed through opportunity created in the course of an occupation that is legal
corporate crime
a violation of a criminal statue either by a corporate entity or by its executives, employees, or agents acting on behalf of and for the benefit of the corporation, partnership or other form of business entity
corporate fraud
a term that refers to accounting schemees, self dealing by corporate executives and obstruction of justice as well as insider trading, kickbacks and misuse of corporate property for personal gain
securities and commoditites fraud
a term that refers to crimes such as stock market manipulation high yield investment fraud, advance fee fraud hedge fun fraud, commodities fraud, foreign exchange fraud and broker embezzelement
ponzi scheme
a form of high yield investment fraud that ueses money collected from new investors, rather than profits fromthe purported underlying business venture, to pay high rates of return promised to earlier investors
money laundering
the process of converting illegally earned assets, originating as cash, to one or more alternative forms to conceal such incriminating factors as illegal origin and true ownership
environmental crime
a violation of the criminal law that, although typically committed by business or business officials, may also be committed by other people or organizational entitites and that damages some protected or otherwise significant aspect of the natural environm
corporate fraud task force
a us dept of justice organization created under the administration of george W. Bush to investigate corporate fraud
sarbanes-oxley act
a 2002 federal law that set stiff penalties for corporate wrongdoers
financial fraud enforcemennt task force
an organization created under the obama administration in 2009 to combat financial fraud, including false claims made under various federal economic stimulus legislation
organized crime
the unawful activities of the members of a highly organized, disciplinied association engaged in supplying illegal goods and services, including gambling, prostitution, loan-sharking, narcotics and labor-racketeering
mafia
another name for sicilian organized crime or la cosa nostra
La Costa Nostra
literally our thing. a ciminal organization of sicilian origin, also called the Mafia, The Outfit, the Mob, the sydicate, or simply the organization
ethnic succession
the continuing process whereby one imigrant or ethnic group succeeds another by assuming its position in society
Criminal enterprise
a group of individuals with an identifiable hiearchy and exensive supporting netweorks, engaged in significant criminal activity
transnational organized crime
unlawful activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups operating across national boundaries
racketeer influenced and corupt organizations (Rico) act
a statute that was part of the federal organized crime control act of 1970 and is inended to combat criminal conspiracies
asset forfeiture
The authorized seizure of money, neotiable instruments, securities or other things of value
define the causes of white-collar crime
white collar crimanals have many of the same motivations as do other criminals and criminologists generally agree that white-colar crime,like ohter crime is learned.
Summarize the efforts to curtail white-collar crime
white collar crimes are often difficult to investigate and prosecute
outline the history and activities of organized crime
much of what most americans traditionally think of today as organized crime-sometimes called the mafia or la Cosa Nostra-has roots that predate the establishment of the US and extend to secret societies that have flourished in Italy for hundreds of years
explain criminal enterprise and identify some of the more important criminal gans operating in the US
a criminal enterprise is a group of individuals with an identifiable hiearchy and extensive supporting networks , engaged in significant criminal activity
explain transnational organized crime
transnational organized crime refers to unlawful activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups operating across national boundaries
summarize the efforts, including federal legislation , aimed at curtailing organized crime
The 1st federal legislation aimed specifically at curtailing the activities of organized crime was the Hobs act, which encompassed a series of statuttes that were passed beginning in 1946
describe what can be done to comat organized crime
organized crime is an integral part of the social , political, and economic systems in our society.