Criminology Practice Test 2

The term 'insanity' is a _____ term.

legal

Research has consistently found both genetics and environment influence behavior, particularly the interaction between the two.

True

Although the Kallikak family study provides proof that criminality is more common in some families, subsequent studies have proven otherwise.

False

_____ refers specifically to antisocial personalities that are due to social or familial dysfunction.

Sociopath

Later studies of craniometry revealed ______ between size of the skull/brain and certain behaviors or personality traits.

Small Correlation

After the twin studies of the mid-1900s were heavily criticized, researchers moved on to which other methodological approach to examine the nature versus nurture debate?

Adoption Studies

The environments in which the "twins separated at birth" individuals were raised in were often _____.

Extremely Different

Several perspectives were created in the mid-1800s that were focused on determining which individuals or groups are most likely to commit crime. These perspectives were likely developed in relation to ______.

Slavery

_____ has been dubbed "America's Boogeyman.

Albert Fish

Psychological theories focus on _____.

the influence of individuals' experiences or their emotional adjustment

It is more difficult to condition extroverts than introverts.

True

The ego is the moderator between the demands of an instinct (i.e., the id), the superego, and reality.

True

Although adoption studies have been criticized concerning selective placement, the ultimate findings of these studies are still _____.

Somewhat Valid

The first major study concerning chromosomal abnormalities found that the genetic mutation of XYY occurs in about 1 of every _____ males.

1,000

All of the following are considered levels of low IQ by Goddard EXCEPT:

Fool

Delinquency is considered _____ when it results in antisocial behavior.

manifest

______ is the perspective that assumes individuals have no free will to control their behavior.

Positive school

Scientists/academics became aware that the Classical School/deterrence framework was not explaining what?

the distribution of crime

According to Goddard, the biggest threat to the progress of humanity and the genetic pool was _____.

moron

The _____ evolves during individual development when restrictions, mores, and values of society are learned.

superego

Darwin's theory laid the groundwork for what major scientific theory of crime?

born criminals

Studies of behavioral genetics regarding criminality or antisocial behaviors consistently show that heritability/genetic factors explain about _____ of the variance in antisocial behavior.

50%

The family studies showed that criminality in the mother (or head female caretaker) had a much stronger influence on future criminality of the children than did the father's criminality.

true

The findings of the 'twins separated at birth' studies have shown that _____ have/has a significant impact on human behavior, especially regarding criminal behavior.

genetics

The science of determining human disposition based on bumps in the skull was called ____

phrenology

The term 'insanity' is a _____ term.

legal

Research has consistently found both genetics and environment influence behavior, particularly the interaction between the two.

TRUE

Although the Kallikak family study provides proof that criminality is more common in some families, subsequent studies have proven otherwise.

FALSE

_____ refers specifically to antisocial personalities that are due to social or familial dysfunction.

Sociopath

Later studies of craniometry revealed ______ between size of the skull/brain and certain behaviors or personality traits.

Small Correlation

After the twin studies of the mid-1900s were heavily criticized, researchers moved on to which other methodological approach to examine the nature versus nurture debate?

Adoption Studies

The environments in which the "twins separated at birth" individuals were raised in were often _____.

Extremely Different

Several perspectives were created in the mid-1800s that were focused on determining which individuals or groups are most likely to commit crime. These perspectives were likely developed in relation to ______.

Slavery

_____ has been dubbed "America's Boogeyman.

Albert Fish

Psychological theories focus on _____.

the influence of individuals' experiences or their emotional adjustment

It is more difficult to condition extroverts than introverts.

TRUE

The ego is the moderator between the demands of an instinct (i.e., the id), the superego, and reality.

TRUE

Although adoption studies have been criticized concerning selective placement, the ultimate findings of these studies are still _____.

Somewhat Valid

The first major study concerning chromosomal abnormalities found that the genetic mutation of XYY occurs in about 1 of every _____ males.

1,000

All of the following are considered levels of low IQ by Goddard EXCEPT:

Fool

Delinquency is considered _____ when it results in antisocial behavior.

manifest

______ is the perspective that assumes individuals have no free will to control their behavior.

Positive school

Scientists/academics became aware that the Classical School/deterrence framework was not explaining what?

the distribution of crime

According to Goddard, the biggest threat to the progress of humanity and the genetic pool was _____.

moron

The _____ evolves during individual development when restrictions, mores, and values of society are learned.

superego

Darwin's theory laid the groundwork for what major scientific theory of crime?

born criminals

Studies of behavioral genetics regarding criminality or antisocial behaviors consistently show that heritability/genetic factors explain about _____ of the variance in antisocial behavior.

50%

The family studies showed that criminality in the mother (or head female caretaker) had a much stronger influence on future criminality of the children than did the father's criminality.

TRUE

The findings of the 'twins separated at birth' studies have shown that _____ have/has a significant impact on human behavior, especially regarding criminal behavior.

genetics

The science of determining human disposition based on bumps in the skull was called ____

phrenology