Which of the following is not one of the major principles of sociological theories of crime causation
It is possible to predict the specific behavior of an individual member of a given group
Social _________ refers to institutional arrangements with and societies institutions?
Structure
Social structure theories see ____ as a fundamental cause of crime
Social disfranchisement
According to the research on crime patterns in concentric zones, as the composition of the population in the zone of transition changes (e.g., because of various waves of immigration), the crime free will
Stay the same
Which of the following was not a result of the broken windows thesis
A Focus on serious crimes
Mertons strain theory stresses
The idea that American society emphasizes, success goals without providing equal access to the means of obtaining them
According to Merton, an innovator
Except the legitimate goals that rejects the socially approve mean of acquiring those goals
Which of the following is characteristic of an individual experiencing personal deprivation
Feelings of social isolation
According to General strain theory, which of the following is not a strain likely to cause crime?
A strain that is associated with high levels of self control
Walter Miller identified six key values or______Which are considered important by members of a delinquent subculture
Focal concerns
A shoplifter who claims she is not really "no one really got hurt" and "The shop can afford it" is employing the ____ technique of neutralization
Denying injury
The development of favorable attitudes towards the use of violence involves
Behavior
It appears that certain forms of violence are more acceptable in the ____ portion of the United States
Southern
According to James Clark, the black subculture of violence was created by generations of ____
White on black
According to differential opportunity Theory, drug use predominates in the _______ The link with subculture
Retreatist
The average age for joining a game today is approximately ____ years of age
13
Which of the following statements about games is not true?
Most kings allow female members to assume leadership roles
Which of the following is a critique of ecological theories
They use the incidence of delinquency as both and example of and something caused by social disorganization
Which type of theory has been criticized for being racist?
The subculture approach
Which of the following is not one of the three main analytical perspective discussed in the text?
Radical
Which of the following is not one of the principles characterizing the consensus perspective?
A belief that law violators are representative of society as a whole
The ______ perspective holds that although different viewpoint exist, most individuals agree on the usefulness of the law as a formal means of dispute resolution
Pluralist
Which of the following is not one of the basic principles of the pluralistic perspective?
The law serves all people equally
According to Karl Marx, the _____ The export it working class who are without power
Proletariat
According to the conflict perspective, the fundamental nature of group conflict centers on
The exercise of political power
According to Ralf Dahrendorf, construction change increases, ______ within society
Cohesiveness
Austin Turk and many other conflict criminologists see crime as
A natural consequence of intergroup struggles over control
According to Chambliss and Seidman, the ______ a groups political or economic position, the _____ the probability that it's views will be reflected in laws
Higher; greater
Richard Quinney suggests that the problem will be solved only by the creation of
A socialist theory
Which of the following statements best describes instrumental Marxism?
The legal system is a tool used by the powerful to control the poor and keep them disenfranchised
_____ criminology consists of a proactive call for a change in social conditions leading to crime, whereas _____ criminology is a way of critiquing social relationships leading to crime
Radical; critical
Which of the following probably would not be expected of a modern radical criminologist?
An emphasis on increasing funding for the construction of new prisons
The major goal of ____ is to achieve a just and orderly society through a practical emphasis on social justice
Left realism
Which of the following crime control policies probably would not be supported by a left realist?
Mandatory minimum sentences
A demand for the elimination of the traditional divisions of power and labor between the sexes would probably come from a(n) _____ feminist
Liberal
Which of the following statements would be an argument put forth by a socialist feminist
Gender oppression is a consequence of the interaction between the economic structure of society and gender based roles
Which of the following is not a major contribution made by a feminist scholarship and practice to criminological thinking?
An emphasis on the application of semiotics to the concept of crime
Which conflict theory is mainly deconstructionist
Postmodern criminology
Stuart Henry and Dragon Milovanovic are known for their development of ______ criminology
Consecutive
______ criminology suggests that social control agencies and citizens should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime
Peacemaking
A peace model is based on
Cooperation
Dispute resolution centers are based on
Participatory justice
Which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice?
Victims are central to the process of resolving a crime
Which is not a component of the balanced and restorative justice model?
Deconstructionism
Donald Blacks argues that conflict increases with the speed and intensity of
Social time
The primary method used by convict criminologist is based in
Ethnography
The prototype convict criminologist is
John Irwin
In general, the main policy implication of social conflict theory is
Bring about social change and redistribute the wealth in society, and crime rates will fall
_____ criminologist argue that the only effective way to reduce conflict in society is to replace the existing capitalist system in the U.S. with a socialist economic structure
Radical- Marxist