The sides of a DNA molecule are made up of sugar molecules alternating with ____ molecules
phosphate
Chromosomes are made up mostly of ___.
DNA and protein
In DNA, adenine always pairs with ___.
thymine
The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are ____.
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Each ___ on a chromosome contains the information to code for one specific protein.
gene
Each group of three DNA bases on a gene codes for a single ___.
amino acid
Each gene is located at a specific place on a(n) ___;
chromosome
DNA ____ is the process by which DNA copies itself.
replication
The process of DNA copying itself begins when the two sides of the DNA molecule ____and separate.
unwind
The genetic code is determined by the ____ of the nitrogen bases.
sequence
Nitrogen bases are ____ that contain nitrogen and other elements
molecules
The process of making proteins is called protein ___.
synthesis
Proteins are made of smaller molecules called ___.
amino acids
In RNA, adenine pairs with ___.
uracil
The sides of RNA and DNA molecules are made up of different ____.
sugars
The genetic code in DNA is copied and carried to the ribosome by ___.
messenger RNA
After an amino acid is added to a protein, the ___ RNA picks up another amino acid.
transfer
RNA is a ____ strand.
single
Changes to the type or ___ of amino acids can result in a different protein.
order
Amino acids are carried to a ribosome by ___ RNA.
transfer
A transfer RNA with the bases CGA will line up with a section of messenger RNA with the bases ___.
GCU
The use of drugs to treat disease is called ____.
chemotherapy
A mutation can be passed to offspring only if it takes place in a(n) ___ cell.
sex
A mutation is any change in the ___ of a gen or chromosome.
DNA
Cancer is treated with surgery, ____, and drugs that destroy the cancer cells.
radiation
A mutation can occur if a base pair is ___, deleted, or substituted for another.
added
Cancer is a disease in which cells divide ____.
rapidly
If chromosomes do not ____ correctly during the formation of sex cells, the organisms that forms can end up with too many or too few chromosomes
separate
Cancer causes the growth of _____.
tumors
Scientists think that cancer begins when something damages a cell's ___.
DNA
Protein synthesis takes place in the cell's ___.
cytoplasm