matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
intramolecular forces
the bonds that hold a molecule together
intermolecular forces
forces of attraction between molecules
what is the most highly ordered type of matter
crystal
3 states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
the change of a substance from one state to another that occurs when there is a change in environmental conditions (temp and pressure)
phase transitions
kinetic molecular theory
based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
evaporation
Liquid to gas
condensation
Gas to liquid
latent heat
heat needed for a substance to undergo phase transition at a constant temp H=mL
latent heat of fusion
heat required for a substance to transition from a liquid to a gas
calories
the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 �C
phase diagram
a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor
tripple point
when solids, liquids, and gasses can all exist at the same time
critical point
when liquid and gas have the same density and become indistinguishable
sublimination
the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas that is below its triple point
deposition
a gas that is at a temp and pressure below triple point turns into a solid