bstrandable NCLEX pharmacology 4 of 5

-ine

beta-adrenergic agonists (bronchodilate, increase vasc resist)
ex: norepinephrine (Levophed), dopamine (Inotropin)
used cardiac arrest, COPD
adfx: anticholinergic, dysrhythmias

-pam

benzodiazepine
adfx: depression, CNS depression, addictive. d/c slowly
caffeine and nicotine decreases effectiveness

-lol

beta blocker
adfx: bronchospasm

antibiotics general

allergic reaction (after 1st time), superinfection, liver kidney toxic
do C&S, encourage fluids, toxic when expired
peak level about an hour after IV, trough just after it's hung

-mycin (micin)

aminoglycosides-inhibit protein synthesis gram neg
adfx:oto and nephrotoxic
check cranial nerve 8 (ear)

ceph (cef)

cephalosporin-tonsillitis, prophylaxis, meningitis-bacterial wall inhibitor
adfx: bone marrow depression, GI upset, cross allergy w/pcn, protein/glucose in urine
do not drink etoh, take with food

-floaxcin

fluoroquinalones- dna inhibitor
anthrax tx, e. coli
adfx: decreased WBC, hct. elevated liver enzymes
don't take with food

-thromycin

macrolide-cell membrane binder
used in pcn allergy. used for dental prophylaxis in valve disorders
adfx: confusion, increases effects of coumadin, theophylline
take without food

-cillin

penicillin-inhibits synthesis of cell wall
severe infx-syphillis, lyme disease...
adfx: stomatitis, allergy
take without food

sulf, zulf, bactrim

sulfonamide-antagonizes folic acid synth
UC, crohn's, uri
adfx: peripheral neuropathy, photosensitive, crystalluria, stomatitis
take with food, encourage fluids, mouth care

-cycline

tetracycline-prevents protein synthesis
baby eye drops, acne
adfx: discoloration of primary teeth in utero or in early childhood, phototoxic, toxic when expired
take without food

uti meds

furadantin-anti-infective adfx: asthma attack, take with food and cranberry juice
pyridian-urinary tract analgesic adfx: HA, vertigo, turns pee orange, take with meals
anti-impotence drugs adfx: HA, hypotn, priaprism

grapefruit juice interaction

lipitor, viagra, ...

anticholinergic

block parasymp nerve
dilate pupil, bronchodilation, decrease secretions, decrease GI motility and secretions
uses: eye exams, motion sickness
adfx:urinary retention, dry mouth, hypotn and inc HR
probanthine, atropine, -bromide, ium
not with meals or paral

-arin

anticoagulant
adfx: bleeding, hematuria
heparin blocks conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, used in PE, venous thrombosis, after acute MI. PTT: 30-75?
antidote for heparin: protamine sulfate
warfarin interferes with vit k clotting factors. used in PE, v

anticonvulsant

adfx: gingival hypertrophy, resp depression, aplastic anemia
turn urine pink or reddish brown
Dilantin: can cause cardiac arrest if pushed too fast CANNOT BE MIXED WITH ANOTHER MED
no carbonation with depakote

mARplan, pARnate, nARdil (trade names)

MAOI antidepressant-4 wk to effectiveness
adfx: Hypertensive crisis with tyramine foods: aged cheese, liver, yogurt, beer, wine, pickled foods, herring, bologna, salami, bananas.
potentiate alcohol, interactions with CNS stimulants or cold meds

-etine, -aline

SSRI antidepressant- 4 weeks for effect
adfx: anxiety, urinary/bowel retention, insomnia at hs, pink urine
suicide risk on upswing

tricyclic antidepressant

used also for sleep apnea
amitryptalin (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil), desipramine (Norpramin)
adfx: postural hypotension, confusion, urinary retention
suicide risk
take at hs
2-6 weeks for effectiveness
wean off
no alcohol, care in sun

heterocyclic antidepressant

Wellbutrin, trazadone
used also for smoking cessation
adfx: wellbutrin- agitation and insomnia. trazadone- sedation
wean slowly, no alcohol

-ase

antidiabetic (also Dymelor) for type II only
adfx: skin reaction, hypoglycemia
take prior to eating- EAT. alcohol, aspirin, sulfonamides, oral birth control, maois affect action

glucagon

used to reverse hypoglycemia
change glycogen to glucose and release it to the body
adfx: hypotn, bronchospasm. may repeat in 15 minutes. once alert, give longer acting carbohydrates

-ylate

antidiarrheals (also immodium)
adfx: anticholinergic, constipation
cxn in unknown abd pain

antiemetics

trimethobenzamide (Tigan), procorperazine (Compazine), metoclopramide (Reglan), meclizine (Antivert)
block dopamine, increase GI motility
adfx: anticholinergic, sedation
prophylaxis for chemotherapy as well
may cause Reye's used during viral infx

antifungals

fungizone (Amphotericin), mycostatin (Nystatin)
impair cell membrane
adfx: liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pruritis
take with food

anti-gout

cholsalide (Colchicine), benemid (Probenecid), Zyloprim (Allopurinol)
decreases uric acid
Probenecid increases action of Cipro
Colchicine used only in acute gout syndrome
Probenecid for chronic
adfx: agranulocytosis, renal calculi-flush kidneys at treatme

Antihistamine

chlor-trimeton, diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan)
adfx: drowsiness, anticholinergic, photosensitivity, bronchospasm
hard candy for dry mouth

-statin

antihyperlipidemia- statins block synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides
(sequestrans-Questran-blocks absorption)
adfx: constipation, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency
take hs or at least 30 minutes before meals. assess diet
cannot take with other meds

-pril

antihypertensives
ACE Inhibitors-affect arteries-vasodilation in whole body
use for HTN and CHF
adfx: lethargy initially, orthostatic hypotension
take without food

-lol

antihypertensives
beta adrenergic blockers- decreases excitability of heart, decreases oxygen consumption
use: angina, SVT, HTN
adfx: bronchospasm, HR changes
take with food, taper off to avoid rebound HTN

-ipine

antihypertensives
also diltiazem, verapamil
calcium channel blocker-inhibit calcium influx across cell membrane to slow conduction and dilate coronary vessels and decrease HR
uses: angina, HTN, interstitial cystitis
adfx: hypotn, GI upset
SR-do not chew,

-artan

antihypertensives
angiotensin II-receptors
uses: HTN, heart failure, MI, neuropathy, stroke prophylaxis
adfx: dizziness, GI distress
SR-do not chew, crush, open

-azosin

antihypertensive
alpha 1-adrenergic blockers in peripheral vasculature
use: HTN, BPH
adfx: orthostatic hypotn, reflex tachycardia, Nasal Congestion, periph edema
first dose at HS-causes fainting initially

centrally acting alpha-adrenergic

antihypertensive
centrally acting alpha-adrenergic-decrease rate and force of contraction
Catapres, Aldomet
uses: HTN
adfx: orthostatic hypotn, Sedation
taper off

direct acting vasodilators

minoxidil, hydralazine (Apresoline)-relax smooth muscle
uses: HTN
minoxidil topical is Rogaine
adfx: ortho hypotn, tachycardia (may use with B-blocker to prevent), increased hair
check pulse when taking med

meds for bipolar disorder

lithium, Tegretol, Depakote
block catecholamines
Lithium salt is dangerous: tight therapeutic range. blood drawn 2-3 weeks. 3000 mL water/day. evaluated q2-3 wk
Tegretol, Depakote: antipsychotic/convulsant watch kidney and liver
adfx: GI upset, Tremors, p

alkylating agents

anti-neoplastic- interferes with rapid DNA replication
used: leukemia, multiple myeloma
Csplatin, busulfan (Mylerin), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxin)
adfx: very hepatotoxic, basic chemo adfx: bone marrow suppression, decreased WBC, platelets, RBCs, bleeding, G

antimetabolites

anti-neoplastic-inhibit DNA polymerase
fluorouracil (5-FU), Methotrexate
used: ALL, CA of breast, colon, pancreas
adfx: basic- GI-N/V, ulcers, decreased RBC, WBC, plt

CA -mycin (trade name)

anti-tumor antineoplastic-interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis.
ex:Adriamycin
use: CA
adfx: basic chemo: stomatitis, alopecia, bone marrow suppression

hormonal agents

antineoplastic- block hormone input into CA cells
ex: tomoxifen, testosterone
use: hormone-sensitive CA
adfx: leukopenia, bone pain, hypercalcemia, effects of individual hormone

vin-

Vinca-alkyloid antineoplastic. derived from periwinkle. interferes with cell division
ex: vinblastine
use: CA- affects every rapid producing cell in body
adfx: CNA Depression, stomatitis, alopecia, bone marrow suppression
check reflexes, give with Zylopri

-dopa

antiparkinson. essentially replace dopamine
(also parlodil)
adfx: ataxia, anticholinergic, dizziness
B6 can reverse effects, avoid CNS depressants

-azine

antipsychotic-block dopamine receptors
adfx: akasthesia, dyskinesia, dystonia, parkinsonian, tardive dyskinesia, leukopenia, can stunt growth in kids
avoid etoh and caffeine

-cyclovir

antiviral, inhibits DNA and RNA (includes non -cyclovirs too)
use in herpes, HIV
adfx: HA, dizziness, GI
doesn't cure.

-dronate

biophosphenates- antiosteoporosis inhibit bone resorption
adfx: esophagitis, arthralgia

-tropium, -ol, -phylline

bronchodilators
uses:COPD, asthma (terbutaline for preterm labor)
adfx: tachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations, anticholinergic
take bronchodilator first

-zolamide

anti-glaucoma, decreases production of aqueous humor
adfx: blurred vision, lethargy, depression, anorexia, decrease potassium

-oxin

cardiac glycoside-increase force of myocardial contraction, slow HR
Left heart failure
adfx: bradycardias, N/V, visual disturbance
hold if pulse <60 in adult, <70 in older kids, <90 in infants, young kids
check K+ levels- low potassium increases risk of t

-fate

cytoprotective agents
form barrier on duodenal ulcers
adfx: constipation, vertigo, flatulance
take without food

-sone

glucocorticoids
uses: asthma, COPD, some leukemias, Addison's, Crohn's
adfx: infxn, mask s/s of infxn, insomnia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, psychosis, depression, stunted growth
wean over time

acetaminophen

antipyretic
nonnarcotic analgesic

acyclovir

antiviral

albuterol

beta-adrenergic agonist
bronchodilator

alendronate

biphosphonate
administer 1-2 hours before breakfast
remain upright for 30 minutes after admin.

allopurinol

antigout
monitor hepatic function(hepatotoxic)

alprazolam

benzodiazepine
CNS depressant
no grapefruit juice

amitriptyline (Elavil)

tricyclic antidepressant

amlodipine (Norvasc)

calcium channel blocker

ammoxicillin

aminopenicillin
antibiotic

amphetamine
dextroamphetamine (Adderall)

cerebral stimulant
anorexiant

amphotericin B

antifungal
nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, ototoxic

aripiprazole (Abilify)

atypical antipsychotic
dopamine stabilizer

Aspirin

antipyretic
antiplatelet
nonnarcotic analgesic

atenolol

beta-adrenergic antagonist

atomoxetine (Strattera)

psychotherapeutic
ADHD agent

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

azithromycin

macrolide antibiotic

benazepril

renin angiotensin system antagonist
antihypertensive

bupropion

Heterocyclic antidepressant

buspirone

antianxiety

carisoprodol (Soma)

skeletal muscle relaxant

carvedilol (Coreg)

adrenergic antagonist
antihypertensive

cefdinir

cephalosporin

celecoxib (Celebrex)

COX-2 inhibitor
NSAID

cephalexin (Keflex)

cephalosporin

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

nonsedating antihistamine (H1 receptorantagonist)

ciprofloxacin

quinolone antibiotic

citalopram

SSRI antidepressant

clarithromycin

macrolide antibiotic

clindamycin

lincosamide antibiotic

cetirizine / zyrtec

antihistamine (allergy, asthma). drowsiness, fatigue, drymouth. relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis caused by molds, animal dander. avoid alcohol. preg cat B

fexofenadine / allegra

antihistamine (allergy, asthma). drowsiness, headache. rhinitis, allergy symptoms, chronic idiopathic urticaria. avoid alcohol and CNS depressants. 180mg tab duration 24 hrs. preg cat C. no grapefruit juice.

hydroxyzine / atarax, vistaril

antihistamine. drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth. tx of pruritus, pre-op anxiety, post-op nausea and vomiting. avoid alcohol and CNS depressant. caution with hazardous activities. preg cat C

loratadine / claritin

antihistamine. drowsiness, nervousness. seasonal rhinitis. avoid alcohol, CNS depressant. take on empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meal. preg cat B. caution with driving.

beclomethasone / beclovent, beconase

corticosteroid. dystonia, hoarsness, HA, sore throat, dyspepsia, oral fungal infection. for chronic asthma, seasonal or perennial rhinitis. onset 10 min. preg cat C. nasal spray.

flunisolide / nasolide, aerobid

corticosteroid. dysphonia, hoarsness, oral fungal infection, sore throat, nasal congestion, N/V/D. used in chronic asthma tx, rhinitis. onset: few days. preg cat C.

fluticasone / flonase

corticosteroid. dysphonia, hoarsness, oral fungal infection, HA, sore throat, nasal congestion, N/V/D. chronic asthma tx, rhinitis. onset 2 days. preg cat C

mometasone / nasonex

corticosteroid. dysphonia, hoarsness, oral fungal infection, HA, sore throat, nasal congestion, N/V/D. chronic asthma tx, rhinitis.onset few days, peak up to 3 wks. preg cat C

triamcinolone / nasocort, amcort

corticosteroid. dysphonia, hoarsness, oral fungal infection, HA, sore throat, nasal congestion, N/V/D. chronic asthma tx, rhinitis.onset few days, peak 3-4 days. preg cat C

acetaminophen / tylenol

nonopioid analgesic. anemia, liver and kidney failure. tx mild pain or fever. crushed or whole with full glass of water. give with food or milk if GI upset. s/s of chronic poisoning: rapid, weak pulse, dyspnea, cold, clammy extremities. s/s of chronic o/d

aspirin

nonopioid analgesic. N/V, rash. management of mild to moderate pain or fever, TIAs, prophylaxis of MI, stroke, angina. long-term use check for liver damage. for arthritis give 30 min before exercise. discard tablet if smells like vinegar. do not give for

celecoxib / celebrex

nonopioid analgesic. fatigue, anxiety, depression, N/V, anorexia, drymouth, constipation. acute, chronic arthritis pain. can take without regard to meals. increase dosage does not increase effectiveness. do not take if allergic to sulfonamide, aspirin, NS

ibuprofen / motrin, advil

nonopioid analgesics. HA, nausea, anorexia, GI bleed, blood dyscrasias. Tx of RA, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, gout, dental pain, fever, musculoskeletal disorders. ringing in ears indicate toxicity. contact dr if changes in urinary pattern, increased wt,

naproxen / naprosyn, anaprox, aleve

nonopioid analgesics. GI bleed, blood dyscrasias. mild to moderate pain, RA, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea. pts with asthma, ASA hypersensitivity or nasal polyps increased risk of hypersensitivity. call dr if blurred vision, ringing in ears, black stools,

codeine

opioid analgesic. drowsiness, N/V, resp. depression, constipation. tx of moderate to severe pain, nonproductive cough. do not give if respirations less than 12 per min. avoid use with alcohol, CNS depressants. withdrawl symptoms N/V, cramps, fever, faintn

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Side Effects: Headache, Palpitations, nervousness, epigastric distress, angina, hypertension, tissue necrosis with extravasation.
Nursing Considerations: Vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure and cardiac output. Reflex bradycardia may occur with rise

Dopamine (Intropin)

...

Norepinephrine

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Dopamine

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Epinephrine

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Isoproterenol

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Dobutamine hydrocholoride (Dobutrex)

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Milrinone (Primacor)

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Diphenhydramine HCL (Benedryl)

Used to treat shock, cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

Librium

Antianxiety Agent

Valium

Antianxiety Agent

Xanax

Antianxiety Agent

Klonopin

Antianxiety Agent

Ativan

Antianxiety Agent

Serax

Antianxiety Agent

Versed

Antianxiety Agent

BuSpar

Antianxiety Agent

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril), (Atarax)

Antianxiety Agent

Kava

Herbal Antianxiety Agent

Melatonin

Herbal Antianxiety Agent

Aluminum hydroxide gel (Amphojel)

Antacid Medication

Calcium carbonate (Titralac)

Antacid Medication

Aluminium hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate

Antacid Medication

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

Antacid Medication

Aluminium hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide (Maalox)

Antacid Medication

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

Antidysrhythmics

Disopyramine (Norpace)

Antidysrhythmics

Lidocaine

Antidysrhythmics

Mexiletine Hydrochloride (Mexitil)

Antidysrhythmics

Tocainide Hydrochloride (Tonocard)

Antidysrhythmics

Flecainide (Tambocor)

Antidysrhythmics

Propafenone Hydrochloride (Rythmol)

Antidysrhythmics

Propananol (Inderol)

Antidysrhythmics

Acebutolol (Sectral)

Antidysrhythmics

Esmolol Hydrochloride (Brevibloc)

Antidysrhythmics

Amiodarone Hydrochloride (Cordarone)

Antidysrhythmics

Ibutilide fumarate (Corvert)

Antidysrhythmics

Verapamil (Calan)

Antidysrhythmics

Diltiazem Hydrochloride (Cardizem)

Antidysrhythmics

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside

Neomycin

Aminoglycoside

Streptomycin

Aminoglycoside

Tobramycin

Aminoglycoside

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cephalosporin 1st generation

Cefaclor (Ceclor)

Cephalosporin 2nd generation

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Cephalosporin 3rd generation

Cefepime (maxipime)

Cephalosporin 4th generation

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Fluoroquinolone

Levofloxacin (Levoquin)

Fluoroquinolone

Norfloxacin (Noroxin)

Fluoroquinolone

Vancomycin

Glycopeptide

Clindamycin HCL Phosphate (Cleocin)

Lycosamide

Erythromycin (Erythrocin)

Macrolide

Azethromycin (Zithromax)

Macrolide

Amoxicillin

Penicillin

Ampicillin

Penicillin

Methicilin

Penicillin

Penicillin G

Penicillin

Penicillin V

Penicillin

Sulfisoxazole (Gentrisin)

Sulfonamide

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

Sulfonamide

Doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Tetracycline

Minocycline (Minocin)

Tetracycline

Tetracycline HCL (Panmycin)

Tetracycline

Bacitracin ointment

Topical Antibacterial

Neosporin cream

Topical Antibacterial

Povidone -iodine solution

Topical Antibacterial

Silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene)

Topical Antibacterial

Tolna flake cream (Tinactin)

Topical Antibacterial

Nystatin cream (Mycostatin)

Topical Antibacterial

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)

Genitourinary Medication

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Genitourinary Medication

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Genitourinary Medication, Anticholinergic

Hyoscynamine (Anaspaz)

Genitourinary Medication, Anticholinergic

Propantheline (Pro-Banthine)

Genitourinary Medication, Anticholinergic

Derifenacin (Enablex)

Genitourinary Medication, Anticholinergic

Sildenafil (Viagra)

Genitourinary Medication, Anti-impotence

Verdenafil (Levitra)

Genitourinary Medication, Anti-impotence

Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia)

Genitourinary Medication, Testosterone inhibitor

Agents used to treat cardiac arrest, shock and prophylaxis

SE- serious rebound effect may occur, Balance between underdosing and overdosing
NC- monitor vital signs,
Measure Urine output
Assess for extravasation
Observe extremities for color and perfusion

Antianxiety Agents

Indications- anxiety disorders, insomnia, petit mal seizures, panic attacks, acute manic episodes
SE- sedation, depression, confusion, anger, headache, Dry moth, constipation bradycardia, elevated liver enzymes, urinary retention
NC- monitor Liver functio

Antacid Mediactions

Action- neutralizes gastric acids: raises gastric ph; inactivates pepsin
Indications- peptic ulcer, indigestion, reflex esophagitis prevent stress ulcer
SE- constipation, acid rebound between ulcers,
metabolic acidosis
NC- Use medications with sodium cont

Aminoglycosides

Action- Inhibits protein synthesis in gram-negative bacteria
Indication- treatment of severe systemic infection of CNS, respiratory, GI, urinary tract, bone, skin, soft tissues, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis (streptomycin)
SE- ototoxicit

Cephalosporins

Indications- Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Otitis media, Upper and lower respiratory tract infections, dermatological infections, gonorrhea, septicemia, meningitis, perioperative prophylaxis, UTI's
SE- Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased ble

Cephalosporins NC

NC- take with food, don't crush tablets, cross allergy with penicillin's, monitor renal and hepatic function

Penicillins SE

SE- Skin rashes, diarrhea, Allergic reactions, Renal, hepatic, hematological abnormalities, Nausea, vomiting

Penicillins NC

NC- Obtain C and S before first dose
Take careful history of penicillin reaction
Observe for 20 minutes post IM injection
Give 1-2 h ac or 2-3 h pc to reduce gastric acid destruction of drug
Monitor for loose, foul-smelling stool and change in tongue
Chec

Sulfonamides SE

SE- Headache, GI disturbances Allergic rash Urinary crystallization

Sulfonamides NC

NC- Monitor I and 0, force fluids
Maintain alkaline urine
Bicarbonate may be indicated to elevate pH
Avoid vitamin C, which acidifies urine

Tetracylines SE

SE- Photosensitivity
GI upset, renal, hepatic, hematological
abnormalities
Dental discoloration of deciduous ("baby") teeth, enamel hypoplasia

Tetracylines

NC - Give between meals
If GI symptoms occur, administer with food EXCEPT milk products or other foods high in calcium (interferes with absorption)
Assess for change in bowel habits, perineal rash, black "hairy" tongue Good oral hygiene
Avoid during tooth

Fluoroquinolones SE NC

SE- Seizures, GI upset, Rash
NC- Contraindicated in children less than 18 years of age
Give 2 hours pc or 2 hours before an antacid or iron preparation
Avoid caffeine
Encourage fluids

Macrolides

NC-Can be used in clients with compromised renal function because excretion is primarily through the bile

Glycopeptides SE NC

SE- Liver damage
NC- Poor absorption orally, but IV peak 5 minutes, duration 12-24 hours
Avoid extravasation during therapy-may cause necrosis
Give antihistamine if "red man syndrome": decreased blood pressure, flushing of face and neck Contact clinician

Lincosamides
Clindamycin HC1 phosphate (Cleocin)

SE - Nausea Vaginitis,
Colitis may occur 2-9 days or several weeks after starting meds
NC - Administer oral med with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal ulcers
Monitor for persistent vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or abdominal pain and cramping

Bacitracin ointment

SE-Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity
NC -Overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms can occur

Neosporin cream

SE- Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity
NC- Allergic dermatitis may occur

Povidone-iodine solution (Betadine)

SE-Irritation
NC -Don't use around eyes May stain skin
Don't use full-strength on mucous membranes

Silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene)

SE- Neutropenia Burning
NC -Use cautiously if sensitive to sulfonamides

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)

SE- Diarrhea, Nausea, vomiting, Asthma attacks
NC -Check CBC, Give with food or milk
Check I and 0
Monitor pulmonary status

Phenazopyridine
Pyridium)

SE-HeadacheVertigo
NC -Urinary tract analgesic, spasmolytic,
Take with meals

Anticholinergics

SE-Drowsiness, Blurred vision, Dry mouth Constipation, Urinary retention
NC -Used to reduce bladder spasms and treat urinary incontinence, Increase fluids and fiber in diet, Contraindicated for clients with glaucoma

Anti-impotence

SE-Headache, Flushing, Hypotension, Priapism
NC -Treatment of erectile dysfunction
Take 1 hour before sexual activity
Never use with nitrates-could have fatal hypotension
Do not take with alpha blockers, e.g., doxazosin
(Cardura)-risk of hypotension
Do no

Atropine sulfate SE

Tachycardia, Headache, blurred vision, Insomnia, dry mouth, Dizziness, Urinary retention Angina, mydriasis

Atropine sulfate NC

Used for bradycardia
When given PO give 30 minutes before meals Check for history of glaucoma, asthma, hypertension
Monitor I and 0, orientation
When given in nonemergency situations make certain client voids before taking drug
Educate client to expect dr

Heparin ,Lovenox SE

Can produce hemorrhage from any body site (10%) Tissue irritation/pain at injection site
Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Fever

Heparin NC

Monitor therapeutic partial thromboplastin time (PTT) at 1.5-2.5 times the control without signs of hemorrhage Normal: 20-45 seconds
For IV administration: use infusion pump, peak 5 minutes, duration 2-6 hours For injection: give deep SQ; never IM (danger

Enoxaparin Low-molecular weight heparin (Lovenox) NC

Less allergenic than heparin
Must be given deep SQ, never IV or IM
Does not require lab test monitoring

Warfarin (Coumadin)

SE - Hemorrhage Diarrhea Rash Fever
NC- Monitor therapeutic prothombin time (PT) at 1.5-2.5 times the control, or monitor international normalized ratio (INR) at 2.0-3.0 Normal: 9-12 seconds
Onset: 12-24 hours, peak 1.5-3 days, duration: 3-5 days Antidote

anticoagulants and herbal

Garlic, ginger, ginkgo may increase bleeding when taken with warfarin (Coumadin)
Large doses of anise may interfere with anticoagulants
Ginseng and alfalfa my decrease anticoagulant activity
Black haw increases action of anticoagulant
Chamomile may interf

Phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) SE

Drowsiness, ataxia Nystagmus Blurred vision Hirsutism Lethargy GI upset
Gingival hypertrophy

Phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) NC

Give oral medication with at least 1/2 glass of water, or with meals to minimize GI irritation Inform client that red-brown or pink discoloration of sweat and urine may occur
IV administration may lead to cardiac arrest-have resuscitation equipment at han

Anticonvulsant medications SE

Cardiovascular depression
Respiratory depression
Agranulocytosis
Aplastic anemia

Anticonvulsant medications NC

Tolerance develops with long-term use Don't discontinue abruptly
Caution with use of medications that lower seizure threshold (MAO inhibitors) Barbiturates and benzodiazepines also used as anticonvulsants

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: MAOI's SE

Hypertensive crisis when taken with foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, bologna, pepperoni, salami, figs, bananas, raisins, beer, Chianti red wine) or OTC meds containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine
Photosensitivity, Weight gain, Sexual dysfunction Ort

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: MAOI's NC

Not first-line drugs for depression
Should not be taken with SSRIs
Administer antihypertensive medications with caution
Avoid use of other CNS depressants, including alcohol
Discontinue 10 days before general anesthesia
Medications lower seizure threshold

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: (SSRI) SE

Headache, dizziness
Nervousness
Insomnia, drowsiness
Anxiety
Tremor
Dry mouth
GI upset
Taste changes
Sweating
Rash
URI
Painful menstruation
Sexual dysfunction
Weight loss

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: (SSRI) NC

Suicide precautions
Take in am
Takes 4 weeks for full effect Monitor weight Good mouth care
Do not administer with MAOIs-risk of serotonin syndrome
Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: TRICYCLICS SE

Sedation
Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision)
Confusion (especially in elderly)
Photosensitivity
Disturbed concentration
Orthostatic hypotension
Bone marrow depression
Urinary retention

ANTIDEPRESSANTS: TRICYCLICS NC

Therapeutic effect in 1-3 weeks; maximum response in 6-9 weeks May be administered in daily dose at night to promote sleep and decrease
side effects during the day
Orthostatic hypotension precautions Instruct patient that side effects will decrease over t

Cortisone acetate

Glucocorticoid

Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)

Glucocorticoid

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Glucocorticoid

(Solu-Medrol)

Glucocorticoid

Prednisone (Deltasone)

Glucocorticoid

Budesonide (Pulmicort)

Glucocorticoid

Montelukast sodium (Singulair)

Leukotriene-Receptor Blocker

Florinef

Mineralocorticoids

Cyclosporine

Immunosuppressant

Cascara

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Phenolphthalein
(Feen-A-Mint)

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Mineral oil

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Docusate (Colace)

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Milk of Magnesia

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Metamucil

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Colyte)

Laxatives and Stool Softeners

Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Musculoskeletal Medications

Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Musculoskeletal Medications

Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)

Musculoskeletal Medications

Alendronate sodium (Fosamax)

Musculoskeletal Medications

Glucosamine

Musculoskeletal Medications

Atropine sulfate

Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Medication

Cyclopentolate (Cydogyl)

Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Medication

Morphine sulfate

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Codeine

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Dolophine

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Darvon

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Demerol

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Dilaudid

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Oxycodone (Percodan)

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Hydrocodone/ Acetaminophen (Vicodin)

Narcotic (Opioid Anagesic)

Nitroglycerin, Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat

Nitrate/Antianginal

Isosorbide, lsordil,Sorbitrate

Nitrate/Antianginal

Ibuprofen, Motrin

NSAID

Indomethacin, lndocin

NSAID

Naproxen, Naprosyn

NSAID

Celecoxib, Celebrex

NSAID

Ketorolac

NSAID

Calcitonin

Paget's Disease Medication

Etidronate disodium

Paget's Disease Medication

Mithramycin

Paget's Disease Medication

Retavase

Thrombolytics

Activase

Thrombolytics

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Thrombolytics

Eminase

Thrombolytics

Streptokinase

Thrombolytics

Tagamet

Medication for Ulcer

Zantac

Medication for Ulcer

Carafate

Medication for Ulcer

Pepcid

Medication for Ulcer

Axid

Medication for Ulcer

Prilosec

Medication for Ulcer

Prevacid

Medication for Ulcer

AcipHex

Medication for Ulcer

Nexium

Medication for Ulcer

Protonix

Medication for Ulcer

Cytotec

Medication for Ulcer

Ethinyl

Women's Health Medication

Ovral

Women's Health Medication

Norplant

Women's Health Medication

Estradiol

Women's Health Medication

Premarin

Women's Health Medication

Provera, Depo-Provera

Women's Health Medication

Hytrin

Men's Health Medications

Flomax

Men's Health Medications

Proscar

Men's Health Medications

Avodart

Men's Health Medications

Viagra

Men's Health Medications

Levitra

Men's Health Medications

Cialis

Men's Health Medications

Benylin DM, Pertissis

Antitussive/Expectorant Medication

ES, Vicks Formula 44

Antitussive/Expectorant Medication

Robitussin

Antitussive/Expectorant Medication

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Antiviral

Ribavarin (Virazole)

Antiviral

Zidovudine (AZT)

Antiviral

Zalcitabine (HIVID)

Antiviral

Didanosine (Videx)

Antiviral

Famciclovir (Famvir)

Antiviral

Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Antiviral

Amantadine (Symmetrel)\

Antiviral

Rimantadine (Flumadine)

Antiviral

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Antiviral

Zanamivir (Relenza)

Antiviral

Ritalin

Medications used for ADHD

Dexedrine

Medications used for ADHD

Fosamax

Bone-Reabsorption Inhibitor

Actonel

Bone-Reabsorption Inhibitor

Boniva

Bone-Reabsorption Inhibitor

Truphylline

Bronchodilator

Brethaire

Bronchodilator

Atrovent

Bronchodilator

Proventil

Bronchodilator

Adrenalin, Primatene Mist

Bronchodilator

Mucomyst

Bronchodilator

Intal

Bronchodilator

Serevent

Bronchodilator

Singulair

Bronchodilator

Diamox

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Lanoxin (Digoxin)

Cardiac Glycosides

Carafate

Cytoprotective Agents

Hydrodiuril

Diuretics

Diuril

Diuretics

Aldactone

Diuretics

Lasix

Diuretics

Edecrin

Diuretics

Bumex

Diuretics

Mannitol

Diuretics

Hygroton, Thalitone

Diuretics

Calcium carbonate

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

Calcium chloride

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

MgCl, Slow mag

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

K-Dur, Slow K, Micro-K

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

Kaon Liquid

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

Sodium chloride

Electrolyte and Replacement solution

FeS04, Feosol

Iron Preparation

Imferon

Iron Preparation

Calcium

Mineral

Vitamin D

Mineral

Sodium fluoride

Mineral

Potassium

Mineral

Tearisol

Eye Medication

Liquifilm Tears

Eye Medication

Visine, Murine Plus

Eye Medication

Timoptic

Eye Medication

Betagan

Eye Medication

Alcaine

Eye Medication

Pontocaine

Eye Medication

Ocu-Pred

Eye Medication

Garamycin

Eye Medication

Tobrex

Eye Medication

Herplex

Eye Medication

Stoxil

Eye Medication

Propine

Eye Medication

Ocufen

Eye Medication

Colsalide

Antigout

Benemid

Antigout

Zyloprim

Antigout

Benadryl

Antihistamine Medication

Phenergan

Antihistamine Medication

Claritin

Antihistamine Medication

Zyrtec

Antihistamine Medication

Allegra

Antihistamine Medication

Questran

Antilipemic Agent

Colestid

Antilipemic Agent

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Antilipemic Agent

Mevacor

Antilipemic Agent

Pravachol

Antilipemic Agent

Zocor

Antilipemic Agent

Nicotine acid

Antilipemic Agent

Niacor, Niaspan

Antilipemic Agent

Folic acid derivatives

Antilipemic Agent

Captopril

Ace Inhibitor

Enalapril

Ace Inhibitor

Lisinopril

Ace Inhibitor

Quinapril

Ace Inhibitor

Atenolol

Beta-adrenergic Blocker

Metoprolol

Beta-adrenergic Blocker

Propranolol (Inderal)

Beta-adrenergic Blocker

Procardia

Calcium Channel Blocker

Calan

Calcium Channel Blocker

Cardizem

Calcium Channel Blocker

Norvasc

Calcium Channel Blocker

Aldomet

Centrally Acting Alpha-adrenergic

Catapres

Centrally Acting Alpha-adrenergic

Minoxidil

Direct Acting Vasodilator

Lithium

Medication for Bipolar Disorder

Tegretol

Medication for Bipolar Disorder

Depakote

Medication for Bipolar Disorder

Mercaptopurine, 6-MP

Antineoplastic Agent Antimetabolite

Methotrexate, MTX

Antineoplastic Agent Antimetabolite

Bleomycin

Antineoplastic Agent, Antitumor antibiotic

Dactinomycin

Antineoplastic Agent, Antitumor antibiotic

Doxorubicin, (Adriamycin)

Antineoplastic Agent, Antitumor antibiotic

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Antineoplastic Agent, Hormonal Agent

Testosterone

Antineoplastic Agent, Hormonal Agent

Vinblastine (Velban)

Antineoplastic Agent, Vinca Alkaloid

Vincristine (Oncovin)

Antineoplastic Agent,Vinca Alkaloid

Camptosar

Antineoplastic Agent, Topoisomerase

Hycamtin

Antineoplastic Agent, Topoisomerase

Cisplatin

Antineoplastic Agent, Alkylating Agent

Leukeran

Antineoplastic Agent, Alkylating Agent

Cytoxan

Antineoplastic Agent, Alkylating Agent

Artane

Antiparkinson Medication

Cogentin

Antiparkinson Medication

L-Dopa

Antiparkinson Medication

Sinemet

Antiparkinson Medication

Aspirin

Antiplatelet Agent

Persantine

Antiplatelet Agent

Plavix

Antiplatelet Agent

Risperdal

Antipsychotic Medication

Thorazine

Antipsychotic Medication

Prolixin

Antipsychotic Medication

Haldol

Antipsychotic Medication

Seroquel

Antipsychotic Medication

Geodon

Antipsychotic Medication

Tylenol

Antipyretic Medication

Aspirin, ASA

Antipyretic Medication

Tapazole

Antithyroid Medication

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Antithyroid Medication

Lugol's Iodine Solution(SSKI)

Antithyroid Medication

Radioactive iodine

Antithyroid Medication

Levothroid

Thyroid Replacement Medication

Cytomel

Thyroid Replacement Medication

INH

Antitubercular Agent

EMB

Antitubercular Agent

Rifadin

Antitubercular Agent

Streptomycin

Antitubercular Agent

Para-amino salicylic acid (PAS)

Antitubercular Agent

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Antitubercular Agent

Pro-Banthine

Anticholinergic Medication

Belladonna

Anticholinergic Medication

Atropine sulfate

Anticholinergic Medication

Atrovent

Anticholinergic Medication

Spiriva

Anticholinergic Medication

Iprotropium plus albuterol

Anticholinergic Medication

Benztropine

Anticholinergic Medication

Trihexyphenydil

Anticholinergic Medication

Heparin

Anticoagulant Medication

Lovenox

Anticoagulant Medication

Coumadin

Anticoagulant Medication

Valium

Anticonvulsant Medication

Clonazepam

Anticonvulsant Medication

Cerebyx

Anticonvulsant Medication

Keppra

Anticonvulsant Medication

Dilantin

Anticonvulsant Medication

Luminal

Anticonvulsant Medication

Mysoline

Anticonvulsant Medication

Magnesium Sulfate

Anticonvulsant Medication

Depakote

Anticonvulsant Medication

Tegretol

Anticonvulsant Medication

Zarontin

Anticonvulsant Medication

Neurontin

Anticonvulsant Medication

Lamictal

Anticonvulsant Medication

Topamax

Anticonvulsant Medication

Nardil

MAO inhibitors

Prozac

SSRIs

Celexa

SSRIs

Lexapro

SSRIs

Luvox

SSRIs

Paxil

SSRIs

Zoloft

SSRIs

Elavil

Tricyclics

Tofranil

Tricyclics

Norpramin

Tricyclics

Sinequan

Tricyclics

Humalog

Rapid-Acting Insulin

NovoLog

Rapid-Acting Insulin

Humalog R

Short-Acting Insulin

Novolin R

Short-Acting Insulin

Iletin II Regular

Short-Acting Insulin

NPH

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

Lente

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

Ultralente

Long-Acting Insulin

Lantus

Very Long-Acting Insulin

Amaryl

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Sulfonylureas

Glucotrol

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Sulfonylureas

Micronase

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Sulfonylureas

Glucophage

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Biguanides

Precose

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Alpha Glucoside Inhibitors

Glyset

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Alpha Glucoside Inhibitors

Avandia

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Thiazolidinediones

Actus

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Thiazolidinediones

Prandin

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Meglitinides

Glucagon

Medication that Reverses Hypoglycemia

Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol

Antidiarrheal Medication

Lomotil

Antidiarrheal Medication

Imodium

Antidiarrheal Medication

Paregoric

Antidiarrheal Medication

Tigan

Antiemetic Medications

Compazine

Antiemetic Medications

Zofran

Antiemetic Medications

Reglan

Antiemetic Medications

Phenergan

Antiemetic Medications

Diflucan

Antifungal Medication

Mycostatin

Antifungal Medication

Diflucan

Antifungal Medication

Preparing medication

Wash hands 2. Check medication order 3. Check expiration date 4. Check label 5. Check patient identity

5 Rights of Medication Administration

Right dose 2. Right drug 3. Right patient 4. Right time 5. Right route C. Teach patient about drug D. Stay with patient until drug is taken E. Give medication within 30 minutes of prescribed time F. Chart immediately G. Observe for therapeutic and adverse

Intramuscular

18-23 gauge; 1-2 inch needle 2. Pull skin taut 3. Inject at 90-degree angle 4. Sites a. Vastus lateralis- between the greater trochanter and the knee cap b. Rectus femoris c. Dorsal gluteal 1) Locate greater trochanter and posterior aspect of the superior

Subcutaneous

25-29 gauge; 3/8 to 1 inch needle 2. Pinch skin 3. 45 degree angle; insulin degree is 90 degree except for those who are extremely emaciated. 4. Sites a. Outer aspect of upper arm b. Anterior thigh c. Abdomen: at least one inch from umbilicus

Intradermal

25-27 gauge; 3/8 to one inch needle 2. Stretch skin taut 3. Do not massage 4. Sites a. Ventral forearm (Tb test) b. Scapula and upper chest (allergy testing)

Rectal

Use glove 2. Moisten suppository with water soluble lubricant 3. Insert tapered end 2 inches 4. Pinch buttocks 5. Retain for at least 10-20 minutes

Eye medications

Client supine with head turned to affected side 2. Place drops in the conjunctival sac 3. Put gentle pressure on the inner canthus

Ear Medications

Client on unaffected side 2. Clean outer ear 3. Straighten ear canal a. Adults and older children: up and back b. Infants and toddlers: down and back 4. Instill drops 5. Have person stay on side for 5-10 minutes on unaffected side 6. Alternatively, put co

General Rules for Antimicrobials

Culture before giving B. Give at regular intervals - Example: QID 6 hour intervals C. Check for superimposed infections yeast infection, body has hard time determining good and bad microbes D. Teach patient "Take all of the medication.

Aminoglycosides (Mycins) Except for Erythromycin

Used primarily for gram-negative organisms in serious infections. B. Examples of drugs 1. Gentamicin (Garamycin) 2. Streptomycin 3. Kanamycin (Kantrex) 4. Neomycin C. Method of Administration 1. Given I.V. or I.M. for systemic action. 2. Oral administrati

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

General Information 1. Unrelated to any other drug. 2. Use is reserved for severe infections because of its toxicity. a. Given IV for severe staphylococcal infections resistant to methicillin or penicillin allergic patients. b. Given PO for treatment of p

Penicillins (cillins)

Used to treat Gram + and - infections 1. Gonococcus- gonorrhea 2. Meningococcus-meningitis 3. Pneumococcus-pneumonia 4. Streptococcus -strep throat 5. Treponema (syphilis) B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Allergic reactions / anaphylaxis a. Ask re: aller

Cephalosporins

20-25% cross allergy (if allergic to penicillin can also be allergic to Cephalosporin) A. Used to treat both gram - and gram + organisms. B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Penicillin cross allergy; ask about penicillin allergy. 2. Nephrotoxicity may occur

Erythromycins

Uses 1. Persons who are allergic to penicillin. 2. Legionnaire's Disease- resp. infection 3. Mycoplasma infections- pneumonia (walking) 4. Chlamydia 5. Borrelia (carried by the deer tick) 6. Haemophilus influenzae 7. Helicobacter pylori- sensitive to eryt

Tetracyclines

Uses 1. Rickettsial infections (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme Disease) 2. Mycoplasma infections- walking pneumonia 3. Chlamydia infections 4. Low dose tetracycline used to treat acne 5. Helicobacter Pylori B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Do not

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)

Uses 1. Because of its severe toxicity chloramphenicol is used only for infections that do not respond to other drugs. 2. Hemophilus influenzae meningitis 3. Typhoid fever 4. Rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 5. Some types of sal

Quinolones

Uses: Active against gram (-) bacteria including Pseudomonas and some gram (+) organisms. B. Examples of Drugs (Note the oxacin ending.) 1. Norfloxacin (Noroxin) a. Used for urinary tract infections 2. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) a. Used for systemic infections

Sulfonamides

Uses 1. Urinary tract infections. 2. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 3. Bowel prep before colon surgery to kill intestinal bacteria. B. Examples of Drugs (Note the Sulfa and Gant) 1. Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) 2. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) a. Sulfa

Urinary Anti-infectives

In acid urine methenamine drugs are converted to ammonia and formaldehyde, which is antibacterial. Nitrofurantoin is bacteriostatic. A. Used to treat urinary tract infections. They do not achieve blood levels high enough to treat systemic infections. B. E

Antitubercular Drugs

Two to four drugs are given for a period of months to prevent development of resistance B. Method of Administration 1. Usually given orally. 2. The mycins as discussed earlier are given I.M. C. Side effects / nursing care 1. Streptomycin: Given IM several

Antiviral Agents

Acyclovir (Zovirax); Famciclovir (Famvir) and others 1. Used to treat Herpes Simplex 1- fever blister and 2- genital 2. Does not cure herpes 3. Does not prevent transmission 4. Used to treat initial and recurrent genital herpes, cold sores and shingles (h

Nucleoside Analogues

Nucleoside Analogues 1. Inhibit replication of HIV virus by inhibiting the transcription of RNA and DNA. 2. Drugs a. Didanosine (Videx) (ddl) b. Lamivudine (3TC) (Epivir) c. Stavudine (d4T) (Zerit) d. Zidovudine (AZT) (Retrovir) 3. Major adverse effect is

Non Nucleoside Analogues

Inhibit replication of HIV virus; do not cure AIDS 2. Drugs a. Delavirdine (DLV) (Rescriptor) b. Nevirapine (NVP) (Viramune) 3. Side effects / nursing care a. Monitor liver enzymes b. Nevirapine decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives c. Nevirapine

Protease Inhibitors

. Inhibit replication of HIV virus; do not cure AIDS- slow down the replication of virus 2. Drugs a. Indinavir (Crixivan) b. Nelfinavir (Viracept) c. Ritonavir (Norvir) d. Saquinavir (Invirase) 3. Adverse Effects / Nursing Care a. Use cautiously with othe

Antifungals

Used to fungi or yeast infections that may be systemic such as histoplasmosis, vaginal such as candida or affect the skin such as tinea (ringworm). B. Amphotericin B (Fungazone) Treatment of systemic fungal infections such as histoplasmosis 1. Given IV 2.

Local Anesthetics

Uses 1. "Caines block pain." 2. Dental or minor surgical procedures such as suturing lacerations. 3. Regional anesthesia B. Response to local anesthetic 1. Skin veins dilate 2. Brief sense of warmth 3. Loss of temperature sensation 3. Pain sensation block

Epidural anesthesia

Anesthesia is injected into the epidural space. 2) No cerebrospinal fluid is lost. 3) Patient is not likely to develop headaches. 4) Patient does not need to remain flat.

Spinal anesthesia

Needle inserted into the spinal canal 2) Cerebrospinal fluid is lost. 3) Keep patient flat for 8 hours to prevent headache. fluids

Side Effects of Aspirin, Tylenol, NSAIDS

Side effects 1. Bleeding a. Seen primarily with salicylates and NSAIDs. b. Salicylates may be prescribed therapeutically to prevent clot formation in patients on long term bed rest with fractures or in the prevention of heart attacks. 2. Gastrointestinal

Antiheadache

Sumatriptan (Imitrex) 2. Actions: Constricts cerebral arteries 3. Teach patient to look for triggers for migraine headaches; Avoid tyramine foods

Narcotic Analgesics

alter the perception of and the response to pain. B. Side effects CNS drugs; CNS side effects 1. Respiratory depression 2. Decreased alertness 3. Cough suppression 4. Drop in blood pressure and pulse 5. Decreased peristalsis- bowel sounds 6. Constricts pu

Narcotic Antagonists: Naloxone (Narcan)

Narcotic antagonists act by blocking opiate receptors B. Uses 1. Opiate induced respiratory depression 2. Acute opiate overdose C. Side effects / nursing care 1. Withdrawal in patients who are addicted to opiates. 2. Recurrence of pain- pain level will in

Barbiturates

Actions and uses a. Sedation b. Anticonvulsants 2. Examples of Drugs a. Phenobarbital Sodium (Luminal) b. Amobarbital Sodium (Amytal) c. Butabarbital Sodium (Butisol) d. Pentobarbital Sodium (Nembutal) e. Secobarbital Sodium (Seconal) f. Thiopental Sodium

Benzodiazepines (Antianxiety Agents)

Actions and uses a. Antianxiety b. Sedation c. Light anesthesia d. Skeletal muscle relaxation e. Anticonvulsant 2. Examples of Drugs a. Diazepam (Valium) b. Alprazolam (Xanax) c. Midazolam (Versed) used for conscious sedation d. Oxazepam (Serax) e. Temaze

Nonbenzodiazepines

Act similarly to other sedative hypnotics and have similar side effects. 2. Examples of Drugs a. Chloral Hydrate b. Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl)

Side effects of sedative / hypnotic drugs

Addiction / cross addiction 2. Drowsiness, lethargy, confusion 3. Respiratory depression

Anticonvulsants

Used to treat seizure disorders B. Hydantoins: Phenytoin (Dilantin) 1. Therapeutic serum level 10-20 mcg/ml 2. Adverse effects a. Gum hyperplasia b. Lowered blood counts; monitor CBC c. Alcohol reduces effectiveness d. Kidney and liver damage e. Pink or r

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Uses 1. They are used to treat a wide range of skeletal muscle spasticity from lower back pain to multiple sclerosis. 2. Dantrolene is used to treat malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. B. Examples of Drugs 1. Baclofen (Lioresal) 2.

Dopamine Agents

Carbidopa / Levodopa (Sinemet): Carbidopa inhibits peripheral use of dopamine making more available to the brain. Levodopa is converted to dopamine. 2. Levodopa (Levopa) 3. Amantadine (Symmetrel): increases the release of dopamine. 4. Parlodel: increases

Cholinergic Blocking Agents

Examples of drugs a. Benztropine Mesylate (Cogentin) b. Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Artane): relieves rigidity but has no effect on tremor. c. Contraindicated in patients with glaucoma, tachycardia, duodenal ulcers, biliary obstruction and prostatic hypertrophy.

Side Effects of Antipakisonian drugs

Constipation. b. Dry mouth. c. Nausea. d. Tachycardia, hypotension. e. Dizziness, drowsiness. Safety. f. Blurred vision, photophobia, acute glaucoma. g. Urinary retention

Adrenergic Drugs

Used to treat a. Shock: epinephrine used b. Bronchospasm: Theophylline, aminophylline, epinephrine used 2. Side effects a. Tachycardia b. Urinary retention c. Nausea and vomiting

Adrenergic Blockers

Used frequently to lower blood pressure 2. Examples of Drugs a. Beta blockers: "olols" b. Alpha blockers: "zosins

Cholinergics

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis a. Neostigmine (Prostigmin) b. Ambenonium Chloride (Mytelase) c. Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) d. Edrophonium Chloride (Tensilon): Used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis 2. Bethanechol Chloride (Urecholine) a. Treatment of posto

Anticholinergic

Preanesthetic medication a. Atropine sulfate b. Scopolamine hydrobromide c. Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) 2. Parkinson's Disease a. Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) b. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) 3. Antiarrhythmic 4. Side effects a. Red, Hot, Dry, Blind, Mad b. Bl

Antiarrhythmics

Drugs Used to Treat Ventricular Dysrhythmias 1. Examples of drugs a. Lidocaine (Xylocaine)- severe VD b. Procainamide (Pronestyl) Emergency c. Bretylium (Bretylol): Emergency drug d. Amiodarone (Cardarone)- Maintenance (can have arrhythmias) e. Phenytoin

Beta Blockers

Uses a. Hypertension b. Dysrhythmias 2. Examples of Drugs and Routes a. PO Only 1) Nadolol (Corgard) 2) Acebutolol (Sectral) b. PO and IV 1) Propranolol HCl (Inderal) 2) Metoprolol (Lopressor) 3) Atenolol (Tenormin) 3. Actions a. Decreases contractility o

Atropine

Anticholinergic drug that blocks vagal stimulation increasing heart rate b. Acts throughout the body to block cholinergic activity causing side effects of dry mouth, dilated pupils and blurred vision. 2. Isoproteronol (Isuprel): Enhances cardiac conductio

Heparin

Heparin blocks the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and prolongs clotting time. 2. Heparin is destroyed by gastric juices and must be given parenterally - either IV or subcutaneous in the abdomen - at least one inch from the umbilicus. 3. The antidot

Warfarin (Coumadin, Dicumarol)

Warfarin blocks prothrombin synthesis 2. Given orally 3. Antidote is Vitamin K 4. Prothrombin time should be monitored. When warfarin is being administered the PT should be 1 1/2 to 2 times the control. Results may also be reported in INR (international n

Antiplatelets

Prevent platelet aggregation and thus decrease clotting. 2. Examples of drugs a. Abciximab (ReoPro) b. Dypyridamole (Persantine) c. Ticlopidine (Ticlid)- sickle cell anemia 3. Side effects / nursing care a. Bleeding b. Avoid large quantities of Vitamin K

Thrombolytic Drugs

Dissolve B. Examples of Drugs 1. Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator recombinant, tPA, Activase) 2. Streptokinase 3. Urokinase C. Indications 1. MI 2. Strokes 3. Pulmonary embolus 4. DVT D. Side effects / nursing care 1. Bleeding 2. Heparin therapy ma

Antilipemic Agents

Antilipemic drugs are always used in conjunction with diet, weight control and exercise to reduce atherosclerosis. B. Examples of Drugs 1. Cholestyramine (Questran): Acts by reducing absorption of fats in the intestinal tract 2. Gemfibrozil (Lopid): Acts

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II 2. Examples of drugs a. Captopril (Capoten) b. Enalapril, enalaprilat (Vasotec) c. Benazepril (Lotensin) d. Fosinopril (Monopril) e. Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) f. Ramipril (Altace) Side effects / n

Diuretics

Uses 1. Mild hypertension 2. Edema 3. Congestive heart failure B. Side effects / nursing care for all diuretics 1. All diuretics can cause orthostatic hypotension. Patients should be taught to change positions slowly. 2. Monitor output 3. Monitor weights

Thiazine Diuretics

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril, Esidrex) 3. Thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle. 4. Side effects / nursing care a. Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia (gout), hyperglycemia b. Teach patient high potassium foods to includ

Loop Diuretics

Examples a. Furosemide (Lasix) b. Bumetanide (Bumex) 2. Loop diuretics inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the proximal portion of the ascending loop of Henle, increasing water excretion. 3. Side effects / nursing care a. Hypokalemia, hypochlor

Osmotic Diuretics

Mannitol (Osmitrol) 2. Osmotic diuretics increase the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate inside the renal tubules. 3. Used to prevent acute renal failure, to reduce intraocular and intracranial pressure, and to promote diuresis in drug intoxicati

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Examples a. Spironolactone (Aldactone) b. Amiloride Hydrochloride (Midamor) 2. These drugs block the sodium retaining effects of aldosterone causing increased elimination of sodium and fluid but not potassium. 3. Useful in combination with other diuretics

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

Exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the large intestine. 2. Used in the treatment of severe hyperkalemia. 3. Can be given PO or by 6 hour retention enema B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Needs to be in contact with GI tract for 6 hours to be most

Rapid Acting Insulins: Regular

Onset: 1/2 to 1 hr 2) Peak: 2 to 4 hrs 3) Duration: 6 to 8 hrs

Intermediate Acting Insulins: NPH

Onset: 2-4 hrs 2) Peak: 6 - 8 hrs 3) Duration: 24-48 hrs

Side Effect/ Nursing Care of Insulins

Teach patient how to give injections 1) Ninety degree angle unless emaciated 2) Rotate injection sites: arm, abdomen, thigh 3) When mixing insulins draw up regular insulin first and then NPH. 4) When preparing insulin for injection swirl the bottle gently

Oral antidiabetic agents

Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glyburide) stimulate insulin release AE making patient hungry 2. Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone maleate [Avandia]) improve insulin receptor activity 3. Alpha-glucosidose inhibitors (acarbose [Precose]) delay digestion of carbo

Corticotrophin (ACTH)

Used primarily to diagnose adrenocortical insufficiency. 2. If corticotrophin is given over a period of time Cushing syndrome may occur.

Desmopressin (DDAVP); Vasopressin (ADH, Pitressin); Lypressin spray

Used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus.

Glucocorticoids (sugar)

organic effects regulating carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and are antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant

Mineralocorticoids (salt)

produce inorganic effects regulating water and electrolyte metabolism.

Corticosteroids

Prednisone (Deltasone) b. Prednisolone (Cortalone) c. Methylprednisolone (Solu Medrol) d. Cortisone (Cortone) e. Dexamethasone (Decadron) f. All of the above have glucocorticoid actions. g. Fludrocortisone (Florinef). Has mineralocorticoid actions. 2. Use

Thyroid Hormones

Uses a. After thyroidectomy b. Hypothyroidism 2. Examples a. Desiccated thyroid b. Thyroglobulin (Proloid) c. Levothyroxine (Levothroid) d. Liothyronine sodium (Cytomel) e. Usually given po once daily. 2. Side effects and nursing care a. Usually results f

Thyroid Antagonists

Uses a. Hyperthyroidism b. Preparation for thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. 1. Examples of Drugs a. Methimazole (Tapazole) b. Propylthiouracil (PTU) before thyroid surgery to shrink thyroid gland c. These drugs are given orally. 2. Side effe

Testosterones

Indications a. Replacement therapy in androgen deficient males. b. Breast cancer c. Fibrocystic breast disease. d. Endometriosis. 2. Examples of Drugs a. Testosterone (Depo Testosterone) b. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) c. Danazol (Cyclomen) 3. Side effect

Estrogens

Uses a. Replacement therapy in menopause b. Androgen dependent tumors - prostate cancer. c. Contraception (in combination with progesterone). 2. Examples of Drugs a. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) b. Estradiol (Estrace) c. Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) 3. Sid

Progestins

Uses a. Amenorrhea b. Abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance. c. Endometrial cancer. d. Contraception 2. Examples of Drugs a. Hydroxyprogesterone (Duralutin) b. Medroxyprogesterone (Provera) c. Progesterone (Gestrol) 3. Side effects a. Bre

Oral Contraceptives

Progestin only - taken every day of the menstrual cycle. 2. Combination pill - taken days 5 - 24 of menstrual cycle 3. Side effects / Nursing Care a. Same as for estrogens and progestins b. Discontinue 1 week before surgery to reduce risk of thromboemboli

Fertility Agents

Examples of Drugs a. Clomiphene (Clomid) b. Menotropin (Pergonal) c. Gonadorelin (Factrel) 2. Action: Stimulate ovulation 3. Side effects: multiple births; ovarian cysts

Oxytocics

Action: stimulate the smooth muscle of the uterus. 2. Uses a. To decrease postpartum bleeding 1) Ergotrate- after delivery 2) Methergine 3) Pitocin b. Pitocin used to induce labor or intensify uterine contractions during labor 2. Adverse effects / nursing

Histamine (H2) Antagonists

Histamine antagonists decrease the acidity of the stomach by blocking the action of histamine. B. Examples of Drugs 1. Cimetidine (Tagamet) 2. Ranitidine (Zantac) 3. Famotidine (Pepcid) 4. Roxotidine (Roxin) 5. Nizatidine (Axid) (Used for gastroesophageal

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Blocks formation of gastric acid.; inflammation, GERD B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Abdominal pain 2. Instruct patient to swallow capsules whole and not crush or open capsule.

GI Anticholinergics

Uses: 1. Peptic ulcers 2. Ulcerative colitis 3. Irritable bowel syndrome B. Examples of Drugs 1. Belladonna 2. Methaneline bromide (Banthine) 3. Propantheline bromide (Probanthine) B. Side effects / nursing care "Red, Hot, Dry, Blind, Mad

Sucralfate (Carafate)

Action: Sucralfate forms a highly condensed paste - like substance after reacting with gastric acid that binds to gastric and duodenal ulcers forming a protective barrier allowing the ulcer to heal. B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Binds with other medic

Drugs Used to Treat Helicobacter Pylori

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 1. Alcohol causes nausea and vomiting (Antabuse like reaction) in patients taking metronidazole B. Amoxicillin or Tetracycline, Biaxin or some other antibiotic C. Omeprazole (Prilosec) or Ranitidine (Zantac) D. Peptobismol sometimes

Antacids

Antacids neutralize gastric acidity and help control ulcer pain. Ph to 3-3.5 B. Magnesium containing antacids 1. May cause diarrhea. C. Aluminum Containing Antacids: Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) 1. May cause constipation and phosphorus depletion. 2. In r

Antidiarrheals

Bismuth subsalicylate (Peptobismol) 1. Contains salicylates. 2. Bismuth is a heavy metal and should not be used in patients who are receiving radiation therapy. Heavy metals may block radiation. Can cause stools to become black B. Kaolin - Pectate (Kaopec

Laxatives

Do not give laxatives in patient has symptoms of appendicitis or intestinal obstruction B. Teach how to prevent constipation: fluid, fiber, opportunity, activity C. Laxatives are for short term use only

Bulk forming

Safest of all laxatives. b. Examples of bulk forming laxatives 1) Methylcellulose (Cologel) 2) Psyllium Hydrophilic Muciloid (Metamucil)

Emollient (stool softener)

Reduces the surface tension of feces. b. Used to prevent constipation, not to treat it. c. Used when straining at stool is contraindicated: MI, rectal surgery, eye surgery, postpartum hemorrhage. d. Examples of stool softeners: Docusate salts. (Colace, Su

Hyperosmolar or saline cathartics

Examples of saline cathartics 1) Magnesium citrate 2) Milk of Magnesia 3) Potassium citrate 4) Glycerin b. Used to induce diarrhea and clean bowel before surgery and diagnostic tests

Stimulant

Examples of stimulant laxatives more rapid peristalsis 1) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) 2) Castor oil

Antiemetics

All are central nervous system depressants B. Side effects 1. Anticholinergic 2. Central nervous system a. Drowsiness b. Hypotension; dry mouth; difficult voiding C, Examples: 1. Benzquinamide (Emete-Con) 2. Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) 3. Prochlorperazine

Emetics

Apomorphine B. Ipecac syrup 1. Given in an oral syrup. 2. Doses of 30 cc or less cause no systemic adverse effects. 3. Emesis occurs 20 - 30 minutes after administration of ipecac syrup. 4. 200 - 300 ml of water or clear liquid may facilitate the emetic a

Pancreatic Enzymes

Information 1. Pancreatic enzymes replace exocrine pancreatic enzymes and aid digestion of starches, fats, and proteins. 2. Used in cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis B. Examples of Drugs 1. Pancreatin (Donnazyme) 2. Pancrelipase (Pancrease, Viokase, Ilozym

Gold Salts

Information 1. Gold salts alter immune response. 2. Gold is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis not responding to other therapy as well as to treat other autoimmune conditions B. Examples of Gold Salts 1. Auranofin (Ridaura) 2. Aurothioglucose (Solganol) 3

Antimalarials

Information 1. These drugs are used to treat malaria. 2. They are also useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that is unresponsive to NSAIDs. B. Examples of Drugs 1. Chloroquine (Aralen) 2. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) C. Side effects 1. Epigas

Antimetabolite

Methotrexate suppresses immune function in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis B. Side effects 1. GI 2. Bone marrow depression

Gout Drugs

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) 1. Inhibits xanthine oxidase and prevents production of uric acid. 2. Used in the treatment of primary and secondary gout. 3. Used to prevent attacks; NOT useful for acute attacks. 4. Side effects / nursing care a. Minimize GI side

Colchicine

Information a. Reduces inflammatory response to deposition of monosodium urate crystals. b. Drug of choice in acute attacks of gout. 2. Side effects / nursing care a. During acute attack colchicine is administered every hour until pain relief or toxicity

Probenecid (Benemid)

Used to prevent recurrence of gouty arthritis 2. Administer with food or antacid to minimize gastric irritation.

Antineoplastic Agents

Cancer is cell division gone wild. Anti cancer drugs destroy cancer cells by interfering with their cell division. B. Side effects / nursing care 1. Bone marrow Suppression is usually the dose limiting adverse effect. a. Low white blood count causes immun

Antimetabolites

Antimetabolites interfere with protein synthesis 2. Examples of Antimetabolites a. Methotrexate (Folex PFS) b. Cytarabine (Cytosine, Arabinoside) c. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) d. Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) e. Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) f. 6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) g. V

Alkylating Agents

Settle in the cell nucleus and attack DNA causing cross-linking of strands of cellular DNA causing an imbalance of growth that leads to cell death. 2. Examples of Alkylating Agents a. Cisplatin (Platinol) b. Busulfan (Myleran) c. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan

Antibiotic Antineoplastic Agents

Mechanism of action. a. Isolated from naturally occurring microorganisms that inhibit bacterial growth. b. Differ from the other aminoglycosides in that they disrupt the functioning of the host cells as well as the bacterial cells. 2. Examples of Antibiot

Vinca Alkaloids

Information a. Derivatives of the periwinkle plant, a ground cover. b. Used to treat leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas and some carcinomas. d. Taxol is used for advanced ovarian cancer and small cell lung carcinoma. 2. Examples of Vinca alkaloids a. Vinblast

Antineoplastics affecting hormonal balance

Organ specific 2. Tamoxifen blocks form of estrogen that stimulates breast cancer 3. Estramustine phosphate sodium blocks male hormone function and slows prostate cancer 4. Side effects / nursing care a. Adverse effects are related to the organ affected.

Immunosuppressants

Azathioprine (Imuran) 1. Used for immunosuppression in transplants. 2. Causes bone marrow suppression. 3. Causes severe liver damage. B. Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) 1. Cyclosporine inhibits the T-lymphocytes. 2. Used in combination with corticosteroids to p

Immunity

Active immunity 1. Client's own antigen antibody response stimulated 2. Takes time to develop 3. Long lasting 4. Vaccines and toxoids B. Passive immunity 1. Antibodies come from outside the host 2. Act immediately 3. Short term 4. Immune serum globulin

RhoGam

RhoGam prevents the development of maternal RH antibodies. 2. RhoGam is given to Rh-negative mothers who have an Rh-positive fetus and who have not developed antibodies to Rh factor. 3. It is also given to Rh-negative women who have abortions or miscarria

carbamazepine

anti convalescent, mood stabilizer, requires periodic CBC

ergotamine (cafergot)

given for vascular headaches, assess for hypertension; cool, number fingers and toes; muscle pain; nausea and vomitting

Bronchodilators

Widens air passages of the lungs and eases breathing bronchial smooth muscle.

Albuterol (Pro Air)

Bronchodilator
Relaxes muslces in the airways and increase airflow to the lungs.
Used to treat or provent bronchospasm in people with reversible obstructive airway disease.

Theophylline (Elixophyllin)

Bronchodilator
Relaxtion, muslces in lungs and chest, making the lungs less sensitive to allergens and often causes of bronchospasm.
Treat symptoms: wheezing, SOB caused by asthma, bronchitits, emphysema, and other breathing problems.

Anticholinergics

Are another group of bronchodilators

Atrovent (Ipratropium)

Anticholinergic
Relaxes muscles in the airways and increase airflow to the lungs.

Spiriva (Tiotropium)

Anticholinergic
Enlarges airways

Glucocortocosteroid

Steroid

Flovent (Fluticasone)

Steroid
Prevents the release of substances int he body that cause inflammation.
Used to prevent asthma attacks.

Pulmicort

Steroid
Prevents the release of substances in the body that cuase inflammation. Used to prvent asthma attacks. Works by decreasing irritation and swelling in the airways which helps to control or prvent asthma s/s.

Leukotriene Modifiers

Used to manage allergic rhinitis or allergies as well as prevent asthma.

Singulair (Montelukast)

LM
Prevent asthma attacks in adults and children as young as 12 months old. Also treat S/S year round allergies,

Inhaled NSAIDS

Intal (cromolyn sodium)-anti-inflammatory
Works by preventing the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Used to prvent asthma attack in people with bronchiol asthma, to prevent bronchospasm (wheezing, chest tightness, trouble breathin

Antihistamine

Drugs that treat allergy symptoms

Benedryl (Diphenhydramine)

Antihistamine
Reduces the natural chemical histamine in the body.
Used to treat sneezing, runny nose, itchin, watery eyes, hives, rashes, itching and other s/s of allergies and the common cold. Also used to suppress couchs to treat motion sickenss and to

Zyrtec (Cetirizine)

Antihistamine
Used to treat cold/allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Also used to treat hives (urticaria).

Decongestant

Used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper resp.tract.

Afrin (Oxymetazoline)

Decongestant
Relieving nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, other upper resp tract allergies or sinus infection.

Sudafed (Pseudophedrine)

Decongestant
Stimulates blood vessels in the nasal passages. Used to treat nasal and sinus congestion of eustachain tubes.

Expectorants

Promoting or facilitating the seretion or expulsion of phlegm, mucus or other matter from resp. tract.

Mucinex (Guaifenesin)

Expectorant
USed to relieve the S/S of cough and mucus in the chest due to colds, flu or hay fever. Works by phelgm in the lungs and making it less stiky and easier to cough up. This reduces chest congestion making coughs more effective.

Antitussives

Are drugs that suppress couching, possibly by reducing the activity of the cough center in the brain.
Tessalon (Benzonate), Delsym (Dex), Robitussin

Streptomycin

Antibiotic
Works by killing sensitive bacteria by stopping the production of essential proteins needed to survive.
Monitor kidney ftn and cbc.

Levaquin (Levofloxin)

Antibiotic
Fights bacteria in the body

Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
Relenza (Zanamivir)

Flue Med
Antiviral medication that blocks the actions of influenza.
2 wks and older who had flu S/S >2days.
Side effects: N/V, eye discomfort, insomnia, cough, diarrhea, dizziness, h/a

Flu Vaccine

Live virus=nasal mist
Dead virus=injection
Not given with egg allergy
Incresase risk for reaction with Beta Blockers
DO give in dominant arm.

TB Meds

PZA (Pyrazinamide)
Rifampin-possible orange urine (side effects: hepatitis, GI disturbance)
INH (Ionozide)-Can cause an elevation of hepatic enzymes and hepatitis. Monitor when therapy is initiated and during the first 3 months.

Insulin

Hormone produced by the pancreas which is central to regulating carbohydrate & fat metabolism in body.
-Regular (rapid onset of action, short duration) begins to reduce bs with in 30 mins, peak 1-3 hours, lasts 6-8 hours.
-NPH (slower onset, longer durati

Rapid Acting Insulin

With meals
Humalong
-onset: 15-30 mins
-peak: 30-90 mins
-duration: 3-5 hours

Short Acting Insulin

With meals
Regular
-onset: 30min-1 hour
-peak: 2-5 hours
-duration: 5-8 hours
ACHS
Type 1

Intermediate Acting Insulin

AM
NPH
-onset: 1-2 hours
-peak: 4-12 hours
-duration: 18-24 hours
Lente
-onset: 1-2.5 hours
-peak: 3-10 hours
-duration: 18-24 hours

Long Acting Insulin

PM
Lantus
-onset: 1-1.5 hours
-peak: none
-duration: 20-24 hours

ADH-Antidiuretic hormone

Desmopressin (DDAVP)
-Acts on kidneys & blood vessels, helps prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing urine output, raises BP by constricting blood vessels
Tx-DI
Vasopressin (Pitressin)
-Helps prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing

Anti-Thyroid

Increase effect on anticoagulant, antidepressant, decrease glucose meds, dijoxin, and dilantin.
Methimazole (Tapazole)-hyper, sudden withdrawl cuase thyroid crisis, don't increase K
PTU (propythiouracil)-hyper, thyrotoxic crisis, watch for iodine, alter e