Diffusion
What takes place between gas in alveolar space and blood in capillaries of the lung?
Vital capacity
What is the amount of gas in air one can exhale after maximal inhalation?
Tital Volume
What is the amount of gas either inhaled or exhaled with each breath?
Resistance
What is chiefly determined by radius or caliber of airway?
Perfusion
What is passage of fluid through vessels of an organ called?
Surfactant
What prevents collapse of lung by stabilizing alveoli and decreasing capillary pressure?
Ventilation
What is the movement of air from outside the body to alveoli called?
1. Whether cough is productive or non productive
2. Events or circumstances that trigger an episode of coughing
3. Time of day when cough seems worse
4. Measures that bring relief
5 other symptoms that occur simultaneously.
List four points to include in the assessment of a patient with a cough.
1.Frequent turning, coughing and deep breathing
2.Carefully watching and properly turning patients who are vomiting or not fully conscious.
3.Elevating the head of the bed for eating and administering tube feedings, leaving head of bed up for 30 to 60 min
Name 4 interventions that can help prevent pneumonia.
Teach patient effective coughing techniques, encourage intake of fluids humidify inhaled oxygen.
What is a nursing action to alleviate " My husband coughs as hard as he can, but he just can't get the phlegm up fro his lungs.
Teach patient ways of avoiding infection: encourage good personal hygiene and good nutrition.
What nursing action helps "It seems that I have to come to the hospital at least twice a year for an infection in my lungs. I suppose there is nothing I can do about it now that I have chronic bronchitis and emphysema?
Plan care to allow more time for and assistance with activities of daily living; schedule medications and treatment so that patient has periods of rest during the day.
What is a nursing action for this senerio "I get short of breath just trying to take a bath and put on my clothes. Here at the hospital there is someone wanting to do something to me ever time I turn around" I wish I could get some rest.
Reassure patient that local anesthetic will be used. Tell him the more relaxed he is, the easier the procedure will be for him.
Describe the nursing action for each of these situations: Anxiety about a scheduled bronchoscopy.
Ask him to save a specimen so you can look at it, but tell him that blood streaked sputum is not unusual following bronchoscopy
Describe the nursing action for this situation; A patient tells you is his sputum is streaked with bold following his bronchoscopy.
1. Prepare the patient by having patient sit upright and ten lean forward with arms crossed over the back of a chair. Tell him he will feel a mild, burning sensation when the anesthetic is injected. Ask him to try not to cough or move until the procedure
Describe the nursing action for this situation: You are asked to assist with a thoracentesis and pleural biopsy and to watch the patient after the procedure.
1.Amount of effort he must exert to breathe
2. Number of words he can say between breaths
3. skin color
4.shape of chest
5 clubbing of fingers
6 abnormal breathing patterns
7level of awareness
8. Abnormal breath sounds
List 4 signs of symptoms to note during data collection when caring for a patient with a lower respiratory disorder.
1. The patient gets fatigued with the work of breathing and doesn't want to eat.
2. Rapid respiration causes more fluid loss.
3.Sputum during infection leaves a bad taste in the mouth, causing anorexia.
Name 3 reasons why problems of nutrition and hydration are common in patients with respiratory disease.
Hyperactive neuromuscular reflexes
Tetany
Vertigo
blurred vision
Diaphoresis
List the 5 signs of respiratory alkalosis.
Pneumonia
______- is an extensive inflammation of the lung with either consolidation of the long tissue as it fills with exudate or interstitial inflammation and edema.
Empyema
__________occurs when the fluid within the pleural cavity becomes infected and the exudate becomes thick and purulent.
coccidiomycosis and histoplasmosis
The most common lung infections are____________ and ___________.
oxygen
The fatigue that is often present in patients with respiratory disease is usually caused by a deficit in the________ supply to the tissues.
Surfactant
Excessively high concentrations of inhaled oxygen can bring about collapse of alveoli because of an interruption in production of __________ which stabilizes the alveoli.
1. A patient with a tracheostomy needs suctioning
2. A patient needs clean gown and towels to shower. She is scheduled for surgery at 8:00AM
3. A patient post-thoracotomy is complaining of pain in spite of using his PCA pump.
4. A patient with pneumonia d
It is 7:15 am your patient have the following needs in what order would you try to meet them
keeping oxygen flow below 2 L per minute.
Safety factors for administering oxygen to the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD include.
have the patient turn, cough and deep breathe at least every 2 hours.
A nursing intervention that can best help prevent respiratory failure in the patient with compromised lung function is to?
1. auscultating the lungs bilaterally both before and after
2. assessing the color and amount of secretions produced
3. observing the respiratory rate and quality afterward.
4. Asking the patient whether he is breathing more easily.
5.assessing the pulse
Evaluation of the effectiveness of deep-breathing and coughing is done by:
Dyspnea
The nurse is assessing the patient for early stage emphysema. What sign would the nurse look for?
There is continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber.
The nurse is assessing the patient with a chest tube. Which finding indicates that there may be a problem with the apparatus.
Assess the patient's understanding of the therapy and treatment plan.
The nursing diagnosis for a patient with tuberculosis is noncompliance with medication therapy. However, the etiology of the problem is unclear. What is the priority nursing action?
1670 ml
Your pneumonia patient is encouraged to increase his fluid intake. He had 340ml at breakfast 60 ml with pills, 280 ml midmorning, 410 ml with lunch and 240 ml midafternoon. How much more fluid does he need to reach the goal of 3000 ml for the day?
Robitussin cough syrup
When administering respiratory medications to a patient which medication should be administered last?
respiratory rate and breathing pattern.
The laboratory results for an arterial blood gas results shows that patient has respiratory alkalosis. Before calling the physician what additional assessment information is the most relevant?
Convince the patient to quit smoking
What is a major intervention to prevent further lung damage in the patient with chronic respiratory disease?
tension pneumothorax and mediastinal shift could occur.
There is an order for a pneumonectomy patient to avoid turning patient onto unoperated side. What is the best rationale for this order?
observe the tubing for kinks or blockage
Make sure that the tubing and connections are not touching the floor.
Verify that the flow rate is set according to the physician's order.
The nurse is checking the oxygen delivery system at the beginning of the shift. What is included in the assessment of the system and equipment?
Cook when feeling most energetic and freeze extra portions.
Which nutritional suggestion would the nurse give to a COPD patient?
Assess for other symptoms
A postoperative patient suddenly and unexpectedly becomes very anxious and complains of dyspnea. What is the priority nursing action?
Several ribs are fractured and patient should be turned onto the affected side.
The nurse is caring for a trauma patient and notes that with inhalation a portion of the chest is drawn inward and with exhalation, the portion expands outward. What is the significance of this observation?
Rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin and pyrazinamide. A combination of four of these is used.
A patient who had been living in Southeast Asia for the past 2 years has just been diagnosed with tuberculosis. He is complaining of night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. He has a cough. Therapy for tuberculosis consists of several medications. What med
That the drugs must be taken each day and that must be continued for the full duration of the treatment prescribed.
What teaching points are especially important for this patient?
When three consecutive sputum cultures are negative
At what point will this patient no longer be considered contagious?
1. The incidence of AIDS and infection of these immunocompromised people with TB
2. Entrance to the United States of people who have TB and are traveling here or who immigrate illegally. The fact that there are drug-resistant strains of TB in the United S
What are the reasons that tuberculosis is increasing in the United States?
pursed
Learning to breathe with __________ lips helps decrease dyspnea for the patient with emphysema.
suscepitible
People with chronic respiratory disease are more ___________ to respiratory infections than the general public.
fluctuate
When a chest tube is functioning properly, the fluid in the water seal chamber will _____________with each breath.
combustion
Oxygen is not explosive; however, oxygen does support __________
paradoxical
When several ribs are fractured, __________ chest motion will be observed.
flaring
When respiratory distress is occurring, the nurse may observe __________ of the patients nostrils.
hallmark
A ____-of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is respiratory failure.
emerging
The Center for Disease Control monitors __________- infectious diseases, such as SARS.
occluded
When turning a patient who is attached to a ventilator, the nurse must be careful to check to see that the ventilator tubing is not
kyphosis or scoliosis
Patients with severe ___________ or ___________ of the spine often have restrictive lung disease.
Washing your hands frequently with soap and warm water.
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
Throw away used tissues immediately and wash your hands again.
Be careful not to touch objects after coughing or sneezing before you wash your hands.
Try to
What would you say to a patient ways to prevent the spread of a respiratory infection?