4 types of tissues
1. epithelial tissue
2. connective tissue
3. muscle tissue
4. nervous tissue
EPITHELIAL TISSUE (general function/ types)
FUNCTIONS:
-protection from abrasion; lubricate surfaces; absorption of substances from lumen; secretion
TYPES:
-covering/lining (simple or stratified)
-glandular
Simple Epithelium (description/types)
-covering/lining ET
-general structure: one cell layer thick, all cells touch to basement membrane
-types:
simple squamous ET, simple cuboidal ET, simple columnar ET, pseudostratified columnar ET
simple squamous ET (shape/found/function)
-flat nucleus/cell, 1 layer
-aveoli of lungs, lining blood vessels
-diffusion, osmosis, filtration
simple cuboidal ET (shape/found/function)
-cubed cell, nucleus is centered, one layer
-kidney tubules, ducts
-active transport/absorption/secretion
microvilli to increase absorption
simple columnar ET (shape/found/function)
-rectangular cell shape, nucleus is near bottom, 1 layer
-lining the stomach, and intestine
-strong active transport
microvilli/goblet cells(intestine)/ ciliated(kidney)
pseudostratified columnar ET
(shape/found/function)
-nuclei=staggered, still near bottom; looks layered, but all cells still touch basement mem.
-trachea, vas deferens, respiratory passages
-protection/secretion
ciliated(epididymis) /goblet cells(trachea)
Stratified Epithelium (description/types)
-covering/lining
-multilayered cells
-types:
stratified squamous ET, transitional ET
stratified squamous ET (shape/found/function)
-multilayered cells, flat cell/nucleus
-skin (keratinized), esophagus, vagina
-protects against friction/abrasion
transitional ET (shape/found/function)
-multilayered, nuclei look a mess! (inconsistent), round nuclei
-ureter, urinary bladder
-allows for stretching without tearing
Glandular Epithelium (shape/found/function)
-.....
-salivary glands, mammary glands, glands!
-secretion (hormones, nutrients, waste
*endocrine=secrete to bloodstream
*exocrine=secrete to surface of skin
modifications of Epithelium
1. goblet cells- secrete mucus
2. cilia- moves pathogens along (visible in microscope)
3. microvilli- increase s.a. for absorption (fuzzy in microscope)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (general function/types)
-most diverse tissue
-has: CT cells, fibers, ground substance
FUNCTIONS:
protection, binding, structural support, storage...
TYPES:
1. fluid CT 2. supporting CT 3. CT proper
Connective Tissue Proper (cells/subsets)
types of cells:
-resident (fibroblasts, adipocytes, fixed macrophages)
-wandering (mast cells, plasma cells, free macroph.)
subsets of tissue
-loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
-dense (regular, irregular, elastic)
loose areolar CT (structure/found/function)
-fibroblasts, collagen/elastic fibers, viscous ground sub.
-surrounding nerves, vessels, hypodermis
-binds/packs around organs
loose adipose CT (structure/found/function)
- adipocytes (white fat), filled with fat, nucleus pushed to side
-hypodermis, around kidney
-protects, stores energy (fat), insulates
loose reticular CT (structure/found/function)
-mesh of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, leukocytes
-stroma of spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow
-forms stroma of lymphatic organs for filtration
dense regular CT (structure/found/function)
-fibroblasts, collagen fibers (one direction), mast cells
-tendons, ligaments
-strength/flexibility in one direction
dense irregular CT (structure/found/function)
-fibroblasts, collagen fibers (messy), mast cells
-dermis, capsules of organs
-tensile strength in all directions
elastic CT
dense
(structure/found/function)
-fibroblasts, mast cells, elastic fibers (squiggly lines)
-aorta (large arteries), vocal cords
-gives framework/support of organs, to stretch
5 cells in CT (and functions)
1. fibroblasts (make fibers/ground substance of matrix)
2. adipocytes (fat cells: store E and lipid reserves)
3. mast cells (grainy look; stimulate local inflammation)
4. plasma cells (ghost golgi; form antibodies)
5. free/fixed macrophages (phagocytize f