Bipolar I disorder
characterized by one or more manic episode and one or more depressive episode
Bipolar II
characterized by one or more manic episode (less ever) and one or more depressive episode
Bipolar MIXED
person has rapidly alternating moods next
Rapid cycling
describes the course for some people with bipolar disorder. defined as four or more episodes of illness within a 12 months period
BIPOLAR DRUGS
routes/dosage/adverse effects
lithium
adverse effects: diarrhea, dry mouth, muscle weakness, NV, headache, lethargy
aripiprazole
injection: Acute agitation is a common cause of psychiatric emergencies characterized by a range of behaviors that includes excessive motor and/or verbal activity, irritability, uncooperativeness, verbal outburst or abuse and threatening behavior or langu
ANTI SEIZURE DRUGS FOR BIPOLAR
routes/dosage/adverse effects next
Tegretol
ataxia, diplopia, blurred vision, sedation, NV, prolonged bleeding time
valproic acid (Depakene)
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lamotrigine (Lamictal)
heartblock, respiratory depression, exfoliating dermatitis, steven-hohnson syndrome, liver failure, panreatitis, deep coma, death
Affect
Definition next...
Affect: depressed
Despondency
Affect: over reactive
moss appropriate to situation but out of proportion to immediate situation
Affect: Blunted
mood is dulled response to the immediate situation
Affect: flat
there is no visible cue to the person's mood
MEDS FOR ASTHMA
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Epinephrine
Isoprterenol
Metaproterenol
Terbutaline
Isothearine
Albuterol
Bitolterol
Pirbuterol
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Combination albuterol/ipratopium or salmeterik/fluticasone
TREATMENT FRO ACUTE BRONCHIAL ASTHMA . Use only if disease cannot be adequately controlled with other medications.Use with cation with hypertension, cardiovascular disease or dysrythmias, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes.
When given to pt who is hyperemic and
Devices used for suctioning
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sterile technique is not needed
Yankauer
rigid suction device, tonsil sucker, best with unresponsive patient. Suction oral cavity
open tipped
may be more effective for removing thick mucus plugs
whistle tipped suctioning
less irritating to respiratory tissue
Bulb syringe
for infants
OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
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Nasal Cannula
1-6 L/min
delivers 24%-44% (Fi02) of supplemental oxygen depending on flow rate
FiO2: 24% to 38% - Flow: 1 to 2 L
FiO2: 30% to 35% - Flow: 3 to 4 L
FiO2: 38% to 44% - Flow: 5 to 6 L
Oxymizer
1-6 L/min
delivers 24%-88% (Fi02)
of supplemental oxygen depending on flow rate
releases oxygen only on inhalation, does not require humidification
has added reservoir for 02.
Vapotherm
1-40 L/min delivers
24%-100% (Fi02)
of supplemental oxygen
depending on flow rate
via nasa cannula,
it warms and filters 02 and
increases positive and expiratory pressure of 02 delivery via the cannula
nonrebreather / face mask
FiO2: 60% to 100% - Flow: 6 to 15 L
The reservoir bag allows a higher FiO2 to be administered. At flow rates slower than
6 L/min, the risk of rebreathing carbon dioxide increases. A valve closes during expiration so that exhaled air does not enter the res
Venturi Mask
FiO2: 60% to 100%
face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air.
This device uses different size adaptors to deliver a fixed or predicted FiO2. The FiO2 delivered depends on the flow r
Can the use of oxygen help resolve dyspnea?
Dyspnea is a subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing, thus only the patient can judge whether or not oxygen use improves dyspnea. Patients with dyspnea may feel like they are having trouble breathing, even though their oxygen saturati
How is the effectiveness of oxygen therapy evaluated?
Objective measures of the effectiveness of oxygen therapy include the patient's vital signs, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function tests, ECG tracings, physical examination findings, and functional status. For some conditions, such as chronic ob
Is a provider's order required to administer oxygen therapy?
Yes it is, as the administration of oxygen can have potent effects on the patient. Treat oxygen therapy as you would a medication, applying the six rights of medication administration. Check the provider's orders to verify that the patient is receiving th
How often should I replace the water in an oxygen nebulizer?
Typically, you'd replace the water in the oxygen nebulizer, which is used to deliver humidification to the patient, when the level is low or at least every 24 hours. However, be sure to follow your facility's policies and procedures for replacing the wate
Is it okay to use regular tap water in an oxygen nebulizer?
Although regular tap water can be used in a nebulizer, sterile water is usually best. Remember that particles of water are directly inspired into the patient's airway. This means that any chemicals or pollutants in regular tap water are likely to enter th
What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy delivers 100% oxygen within a pressurized chamber. Increased pressure combined with the increase in oxygen content dissolves oxygen into the blood and all other body tissues and fluid at up to 20 times the normal concentration. R
What are the signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity?
Signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity result from its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary system. CNS manifestations of oxygen toxicity include pallor, sweating, nausea, vomiting, seizures, muscle twitching, vertigo, tinnitus, halluc
Tips for oxygen therapy documentation
Documentation for oxygen therapy should include the following and any additional information pertinent to the administration of oxygen:
� the date and time oxygen therapy was initiated
� the method by which oxygen is being delivered (cannula, simple mask)
Respiratory through a life span
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preterm
50-70
newborn
40-60
neonate
30-50
infants
20-40
toddlers
20-30
preschoolers
20-30
school age
12-24
adolescence
14-20
adults
10-20
older adults
12-24