What are the 10 great public health achievements in the us from 1900-1999?
vaccinations, motor vehicle safety, safer workplaces, control of infectious diseases, decrease in coronary heart disease and stroke deaths, safer and healthier foods, healthier mothers and babies, fluoridation of drinking water, recognition of tobacco as
What are social determinants of health?
social conditions in which people live & work
What are health care disparities?
gaps in healthcare experienced by one population compared to another.
What is the role of government in health care?
Assess health care problems. Developing relevant health care policies that provide access to services. Ensure that services are delivered and outcomes are achieved.
Who said, "it is cheaper to promote health than to maintain people in sickness?
Florence Nightingale
What is the goal of the patient protection and affordable care act?
The goal of the PPACA (obama 2010) is to provide affordable health insurance coverage and to improve access to primary care. and lower costs.
What were 3 major changes in health care in the 21st century?
development of patient centered care. increased use of technology. increased personal responsibility for health.
What are the 4 models of health?
clinical model. role performance model. adaptive model. eudaimonistic model.
clinical model def.
elimination of disease or symptoms
role performance model def.
health that involves a fit b/w ppl and social roles
adaptive model def.
health that involves adaptation to the environment
eudaimonistic model def.
health that is the actualization or realization of human potential
behavior models
motivational interviewing. behavior change models. learning model. health belief model.
motivational interviewing def
patient centered communication styles for eliciting behavior change by helping patients/ groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change
behavior change model def
models that assist patients, groups and communities to direct activities toward health and wellness
Learning model def
a behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence problem solving autonomy and sense of purpose
Health belief model
a behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physically challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility the benefits of taking preventative action and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal
ontogenic system
personal factors
microsystem
relationship b/w women and their environment
exosystem
formal and informal social structures
macroculture
values and beliefs of culture
social determinants of health
social conditions in which people live and work
what is one of the core functions of the role of government in health care?
assess health care problems
community based nursing
minor acute and chronic care that is comprehensive and coordinated where people work, live or attend school; illness care provided outside the acute care setting
community health nursing
use of systematic processes to deliver care to individuals families and community groups with a focus on promoting preserving protecting and maintaining health
public health nursing
population based practice defined as a sythesis of nursing and public health within the context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
shattuck report
provided the 1st systematic use of birth and death records and demographic data to describe the health
lemuel shattuck
recommended establishment of state health
dorothea dix
prison and mental health
clara barton
red cross/ civil war
lillian wald
founder of public health nursing. henry st settlement.
mary breckinridge
frontier of nursing service 1925 needs of health in the mountain region. founded midwifery program
philanthropic organization
an organizations that used endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations
nongovernmental organizations
agency that acquires resources to help others from private(vs. public) sources
philanthropic organization
an organization that used endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations
TRUE or FALSE: the united states has found the most efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equality
FALSE: despite the economic strength of the united states and other industrialized nations, many countries have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equality
Definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
what are the 8 millennium developmental goals
1. eradicate extreme poverty & hunger 2. achieve universal primary education 3. promote gender equality & empower women 4. reduce child mortality 5. improve maternal health 6. HIV/AIDS and malaria 7. ensure environmental sustainability 8. development.
TRUE or FALSE: Health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to task shift primarily to primary care providers and community health workers.
FALSE:
health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to task shift primarily to nurses and community health workers.
Health
a quality an ability to adapt to change or a resource to help cope with challenges and processes of daily living
well-being
a subjective perception of full functional ability as human beings
what are modifiable risk factors
susceptibility to disease or injury that can be controlled by individual people, families or communities.
Primary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place before illness or injury is present
secondary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of parthenogenesis of illness and injury (mass screening, selective screening)
Tertiary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end stage of disease and injury trajectories.
epidemiology
study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations used both as a research methodology used to study states of health and illness and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of he
epidemic
an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a diseases beyond that which is normally found in the population
rates
the primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or or the existence of a specific state of health or illness
who is perhaps the best known epidemiologist of the 19th century
john snow
epidemiological triad
host, agent, and environment
wheel of causation
emphasizing the interplay of physical biological and social environments
The who defines health as
complete physical mental and social well being
during which time period was public health first seen as a gov. responsibility
the roman era
what is the major force behind the movement toward home care, hospice care, outpatient tx clinics and outpatient surgeries
cost containment
when was the first state board of health formed in the us?
1869-north carolina
what was the leading cause of death in the US in 1900?
major cardiovascular-renal disease
what are the only two major industrialized nations without some form of universal insurance coverage?
US and south Africa
what was established by 1960 amendments to the social security act of 1935
medicare and medicaid
which of the following is a strategy to contain the cost of health care
focusing on prevention of illness rather than on treatment
what was the first federal program to provide health care for citizens other than federal employees
medicare
what decade in the twentieth century saw the most sweeping federal legislation enacted
1960
which of the following is an example of a public health prevention policy?
higher cigarette taxes
edward jenner
smallpox 1790
louis paster
1822-1895 pasteurization started as a wine experiment
joseph lister
antiseptic solution
robert koch
anthrax and cholera
john snow
first epidemiologist linked cholera rates with water street pump golden square in london
isabel hampton
1890s helped found ANA
Margaret Sanger
1910s birth control
Lillian Wald
henry street settlement public health nursing
Clara Barton
civil war nurse leader, US red cross founder
population
group of people who have at least one thing in common and who may or may not interact w/ one another
types of health care systems
private (BC/BS) public (medicare, medicaid), military (VA/Tricare)
Role of nurse in managed care
benefits interpreter, client advocate/educator, triage nurse, utilization/ resource reviewer, risk manager, provider liaison, primary care provider, case/care manager.