nutrition
the study of how food nourishes the body. specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury.
essential nutrients
either not made by the body or the body does not make enough in sufficient amounts. i.e. carb, fats, proteins
energy balance (calories)
only carbs, protein and fat provide energy
vitamins and minerals
needed for metabolism of energy but do not provide energy
basal metabolism
is the energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest-- the energy needed to sustain the metabolic activities of cells and tissues. i.e. body temp, muscle tone, GI tract, lungs, and heart
ideal body weight (IBW)
or healthy body weight is an estimate of optimal weight fro optimal health.
rule-of-thumb method determines ideal body weight on height. pg. 1198
body mass index (BMI)
more preferred method. less than 18.1 BMI are considered underweight
recommended dietary allowance
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carbs
al carbs provide 4 calories per gram. carbs should be 45-65% of calories for normal healthy adults
obesity
body weight 20% or more above ideal weight of having a BMI of 30 or more
The Nursing Process
Assessing
Assessing- nutritional assessment is a systematic approach used to identify the patients actual or potential needs, formulate a plan to meet those needs.
collect dietary data from the patient or family of caregiver and evaluate it according to Dietary Gui
Diagnosing
assessing may reveal actual or potential problems. as soon as the problems are identified, refer the patient to appropriate services, including a dietician
-imbalanced nutrients as the problem
-imbalanced nutrition as the etiology
-wellness diagnosis-
outcome identification and planning
expected outcomes are derived from the actual or potential nutritional problems diagnosed.
-ideal body weight
-adequate diet
-variety of healthy foods
-follow appropriate modified diet
implementation
-teaching nutritional information
-monitoring nutritional status
-stimulating appetite
-assisting with eating
-providing oral nutrition- variety of oral diets are available in home health care settings and may be prescribed for use at home. oral diets may
serum albumin
assessment of serum albumin is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN. clients whose levels are 2.5 g/dl or less are at severe risk of malnutrition
things to focus on for exam
How does a carb break down, how we produce it, etc
Differernce between simple and complex sugars
How are carbs broken down?
Proteins (high quality (meat) and low quality (plant))
Water soluble and fat soluble
-vitamins absorb i
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