Rooting
Elicit: stroke the infants cheek and the infants mouth should root, the arm will flex and the hand will come toward the mouth Response: infant locates breast for feeding; turning of head
Suck/Swallow
Elicited: light pressure of finger onto infants tongue Response: infants sucks-
Moro
Elicited: sudden change of position; typically when head and body displaced backwards quickly Response: infant demonstrates UE abduction, elbow extension, finger extension, UE brought back towards body and cry
Palmar Grasp
Elicited: pressure on the ulnar border of the hand Response: infant closes hand around object
Plantar grasp
Elicited: contact with the ball of the foot Response: toes curl around stimulus
Positive Support UE
Elicited: touch to the palms of the hand Response: extension of elbow and co-contraction of flexors/extensors to support body weight through UE; important for development of protective extension response
Stepping
Elicited: child is held vertically by the trunk with both hands to support; sole of one foot pressed onto surface Response: leg will bend upon contact and other leg will flex forward as if stepping forward. Pattern is repeated with other leg
Parachute
Elicited: while securely supporting infant, provide a sudden forward displacement of infant towards surface Response: arms should flex forward towards the surface with open palms
ATNR
Elicited: turn infants head to the right or left Response: UE and LE on face side extends; UE and LE on occipital side flexes
STNR
Elicited: in prone position; flex head and neck into forward flexion Response: UE flex whereas LE extend
Galant
Elicited: light stroke alongside the vertebrae Response: trunk curves towards the side stroked and pelvis raised
Landau
Elicited: hold the infant in prone position in mid-air using both hands to support Response: head and neck extend; LE extend (if head and neck flex forward, total body flexion is observed)
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
Elicited: place infant in prone position on a supportive surface, change in head position stimulates labyrinths which stimulate a reflex arc to elect the response Response: head and neck in midline face on surface; UE flexed under body assist with head ri
Righting Reaction-Neck Righting
Elicited: hold the infants in vertical position in mid-air using both hands to support. Gently move infant rotating to left then to right Response: head and neck move to the upright position in either direction; eyes attempt to achieve horizontal
Righting Reaction-Neck/Head on body
Elicited: while supine on a supporting surface, move head and neck to right or left Response: body will rotate in the direction of the face side of head
Righting reaction-body on Body
Elicited: when in supine position on a supportive surface, rotate the lower torso to the right Response: the remainder of the body and head and neck move to the direction of the rest of the body