How is a complete mole distinguished from a partial mole?
Negative p57 staining
p57 is product of paternal imprinting but maternally expressed
What is the MOA of retinoids?
Decreases sebum production and increases cellular turnover and the shedding of cells from the stratum corneum
- Reduces hyperkeratinization
- Opens blocked pores
- Prevents formation of microcomedones
what is the most common presenting symptom of tetanus?
Masseter muscle spasm = trismus/lockjaw
How does probenecid affect the renal tubular cells?
Blocks organic anion transporters on renal tubular cells to inhibit secretion of certain antibiotics, namely penicillin
Enhances efficacy of penicillin
What is considered a negative result in an agglutination inhibition test?
Presence of agglutination
Where can a psoas abscess spread?
Groin and pain referred to that region
What physical abnormality is commonly associated with chromosomal aneuploidy?
Cystic hygromas - soft, compressible mass that transilluminates
commonly on the left head and neck
What are the signs of splenic sequestration crisis?
Acute anemia, thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly
Common in early childhood in sickle cell patients
What is the pathophysiology of lactose intolerance?
Downregulation of lactase production by small intestinal enterocytes due to decreased gene expression with age
What is the cause of tardive dyskinesia?
Prolonged exposure to DA-blocking agents which cause upregulation and supersenstivity of DA receptors
What is ashy skin called?
Xerosis
Which trophozoite can be transmitted sexually?
Entamoeba histolytica
What does the area under the ROC curve represent?
Accuracy of the test
What is the foam stability index?
Evaluation of surfactant functionality
Highest value well = ring of stable foam
Which end are nucleotides added to in PCR?
3' OH end of the elongating
Can water soluble materials cross the placenta?
No