Odontogenic infection
Dental infection is also called
Anaerobic
Dental infection involving the teeth or associated tissue is caused by oral pathogens that are mainly BLANK and usually of more than one species
Abscess, cellulitis, or osteomyelitis
Pathologic lesions in the head and neck from odontogenic infections can include
Abscess
Occurs when there is localized entrapment of pathogens from a chronic odontogenic infection in a well circumscribed but closed tissue space
Suppuration
Another term for pus is
Acute, chronic
An abscess can be BLANK or BLANK
Fistula
In the later stages of infection, chronic abscess formation can lead to the formation of a tract(s) or
Stoma
The opening of the fistula from the tract is called a
Pustule
A small, elevated, circumscribed lesion of either the skin or oral mucosa that contains suppuration
Least
Infection will follow the path of BLANK resistance
Cellulitis
An acute level of diffuse inflammation of soft tissue spaces
Osteomyelitis
An inflammation of the bone marrow
Osteomyelitis
Develops from the invasion of the tissue of a long bone by pathogens, usually from a skin or pharyngeal infection
Mandible
Osteomyelitis most commonly occurs in the
Paresthesia
Evidenced by burning or prickling. May develop in the mandible if the infection involves the mandibular canal carrying the inferior alveolar nerve
Beta-lactamase
More than half of the gram-negative anaerobic bacteria are capable of producing the BLANK enzyme
Beta-lactamase
Enzyme that is responsible for the initial tissue damage caused by head and neck infections
Beta-lactamase
This enzyme may not only survive penicillin therapy but also may shield penicillin-susceptible co-pathogens from the activity of penicillin by releasing the free enzyme into their environment
No
Can normal flora in the mouth create an infection?
Opportunistic infections
If the body's natural defenses are compromised they can create
Perforation
An abnormal hole in the wall of the sinus, can also be caused by an infection, which may then further the spread of infection
Maxillary sinusitis
Can result from the spread of infection from a periapical abscess initiated by a maxillary posterior tooth that perforates the sinus floor to involve the sinus mucosa
Secondary sinusitis
Occurs mainly in the maxillary sinuses because the maxillary posterior teeth and associated tissue are close to these sinuses
Subsequent radiographic evaluation
Shows increased radiopacity (or cloudiness) and possibly perforation, usually using bilateral comparisons of the paired sinuses
Vascular
The BLANK system of the head and neck can allow the spread of infection from the teeth and associated oral tissue because pathogens can travel in the veins and drain the infected oral site into other tissue, structures, or organs
Vascular
The spread of odontogenic infection by way of the BLANK system can occur because of bacteremia or an infected thrombus
Bactermia
Bacteria traveling in the vascular system can cause BLANK, which can occur during dental treatment
Infective endocarditis
Bacteria may lodge in the compromised tissue and set up serious infection deep in the heart
Cavernous sinus
Sinus most likely to be involved in the possible fatal spread of odontogenic infection
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
The transport of the infected thrombus (or thrombi) as embolus (or emboli) into the cavernous sinus
Abducens nerve paralysis
A loss of function of the sixth cranial nerve or abducens because it runs through the cavernous sinus, resulting in
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges in the brain or spinal cord, which requires immediate hospitalization with intravenous antibiotics and anticoagulants
Lymphatic
The BLANK system of the head and neck can allow the spread of infection from the teeth and associated oral tissue
Submandibular
The BLANK nodes are the primary nodes for all the teeth and associated tissue, except the maxillary third molars (superior deep cervical nodes) and mandibular incisors
Mylohyoid
The insertion of the BLANK muscle along the mandible dictates which mandibular subspace is initially affected by an odontogenic infection
Ludwig angina
Cellulitis of the submandibular space
Retropharyngeal space
Ludwig angina: As the BLANK space, becomes involved with edema of the larynx there can be complete respiratory obstruction, asphyxiation, and death
Ludwig angina
An acute medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization, and may necessitate an emergency cricothyrotomy to quickly create a patent airway due to it being compromised