What is the Periodontium?
the functional system of tissues that surround, support, and anchor the tooth to the maxilla and mandibular arches. "attachment apparatus
What are the types of oral mucosa (soft tissues)
1. Masticatory mucosa
2. Specialized mucosa
3. Oral mucosa
What are the 4 parts of the Periodontium
1. Gingiva
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Cementum
4. Alveolar bone
Definition of the Gingiva
soft tissue covering cervical portions and alveolar processes of jaw
What is the Periodontal Ligament (PDL)?
fibers surrounding root of the tooth.
extend from cementum to the alveolar bone.
Functions of Periodontal Ligament
1. Supportive/Suspensory-suspend/maintain tooth socket
2. Sensory-transmits sensory and pain perception
3. Formative- provides cells to build the cementum and alveolar bone
*4. Nutritive-carries blood supply to the cementum and bone
5. Resorptive(shock ab
Principal fibers
dense fibrous collagen fibers arranged in bundles that blend into one another
Cementum
thin layer of mineralized tissue covering the root of the tooth. light yellow in color, overlays and attaches to dentin.
*soft, can be removed easily
*continuously deposited
Functions of Cementum
anchors ends of the PDL to tooth.
*recieves nutrients from PDL, does not have own blood supply
Types of cementum
1. cellular
2. acellular
What are Cementoblasts function?
to make more cementum, makes cells.
derived from the PDL.
What is Alveolar Bone?
bone that surrounds roots of teeth. supports/protects root. forms and supports the sockets(alveoli) of the teeth.
most unstable portion of periodontium.
exist as long as teeth are present.
What are the parts of the Periodontium
1. the gingiva unit
2. the attachment apparatus (unit)
What is the Free Gingiva?
unattached portion of gingiva
What is the Gingival margin?
follows contour of teeth, edge that meets the tooth
The gingival margin when in health appears ___?
knife-edged and flat
What is the Gingival sulcus?
v-shaped space between the free gingiva and tooth surface. contains gingival crevicular fluid.
What is Gingival Crevicular fluid?
1. acts as a cleaners by flushing out bacterial waste products.
2. provides nutrients for certain subgingival bateria
3. promotes calculus formation
found in gingival sulcus
What type of mucosa is attached gingiva?
masticatory, thick epithelium, keratinized
*Attached Gingiva
bound down to the alveolar bone.
*firm and resilient consistency in health
lies between free gingiva and alveolar mucosa, prevents free gingiva from being pulled away
width of attached gingiva
widest in incisor and molar regions
narrowest in premolar region
Stippling
texture of attached gingiva.
dimpled appearance (orange peel appearance)
What is the Free gingival groove?
groove that separates the attached gingiva from the free gingiva.
Mucogingival Junction or Line
the line separating the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa.
Function of attached gingiva
prevents free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth.
Interdental gingiva (Papilla)
gingival filling area between two adjacent teeth apical (below) the contact area. One facial and one Lingual
What is the Col?
valley-like depression of gingiva that lies directly beneath the contact area. wider in molars, narrower in incisors
What is the function of interdental gingiva?
prevents good from becoming packed between the teeth.
What is Alveolar Mucosa?
apical (below) to mucogingival junction.
moveable, loosely connected
Frena Attachments (function)
Frenum=singular Frena=plural
attach lips and cheeks to the maxillary and mandibular mucosa. limit movement of lips and cheeks.
Cancellous bone
*spongey bone. lattice like bone filling interior portion of the alveolar bone
Alveolus (boney socket)
cavity of the alveolar bone that houses the root of a tooth. Alveoli=plural
Alveolar pone proper
thin layer of bone that lines each alveoulus.
contains numerous holes to allow blood vessels from the cancellous bone to connect with the vessels of the PDL.
termed lamina dura in radiographs.
Alveolar Crest
highest point of the alveolar bone.
Interproximal bone
bone that lies between proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth. "interdental
Interradicular bone
bone between the roots of multi-rooted teeth.
Radicular bone
bone that lies directly over the root of facial and lingual surfaces.