Review Ch 11-12 Table of Muscles- Origins, Insertions, and Actions of Muscles

Temporalis

O= temporal bone
I= mandible (coronoid process)
A= closes jaw (elvates mandible)

Frontalis

O= galea aponeurotica
I= eyebrows-subcutaneous
A= elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin

Masseter

O= maxilla, zygomatic arch
I= mandible
A= closes jaw (elevates and retracts mandible)

Sternocleidomastoid

O= manubrium of sternum and clavicle (medial portion)
I= mastoid proces of skull
A= if one side is contracted, rotates/tilts head sideways; if both sides contracted, draws head forward and down;; flexes neck

Orbicularis oculi

O= lacrimal bone, frontal bone, maciall and eyelid angle
I= upper and lower eyelids
A= squinting, blinking

Orbicularis oris

O= modiolus of mouth
I= undrlying tissue of lips
A= closes, puckers and protrudes lips

Omohyoid

O= scapula
I= hyoid bone
A= throat movements to close and open air passage when swallowing (depresses hyoid)

Sternohyoid

O= Mnaubrium and clavicle
I= hyoid bone
A= throat movements to close and open air passage when swallowing (depresses hyoid)

Trapezius

O= spinous processes of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae, occipital bone of the skull
I= lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion process and spine of scapula
A= elevates, depresses, and retracs scapula (shoulder); both acting together, draw head dorsally (backward

Deltoid

O= clavicle; acromion process and spine of scapula
I= deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A= abducts arm (humerus); (posterior deltoid-extension and lateral rotation of arm; anterior deltoid flexes and medially rotates arm)

Infraspinatus

O= infraspinous fossa of scapula
I= greater tubercle of humerus
A= abduction of humerus (shoulder); horizontal abduction of humerus (shoulder)

Supraspinatus

O= supraspinous fossa of scapula
I= greater tubercle of humerus
A= abduction of humerus (shoulder); stabilizes shoulder joint

Subscapularis

O= subscapular fossa
I= lesser tubercle of humerus and joint capsule
A= keeps humerus in socket in abduction and medial rotation of humerus

Teres minor

O= scapula
I= greater tubercle of humers and joint capsule
A= keeps humerus in socket in abduction and lateral rotation of humerus

Intercostals

O= generally between ribs below and above
I= generally between rebs below and above
A= aides in chest breathing movements

Laissimus dorsi

O= spinous processes of thoracic lumbar verebrae, sacrum and iliac crest (it actually arises from the lumbar aponeurosis
I= intertubecular sulus of humerus
A= adducts and extends arm (humerus): rotates arm medially (shoulder), draws shoulder down and back

Erector spinae

O= lower skull and numerous locations on ribs, verebrae, and sacral crests
I= mastoid proces, cevical and thoracic vertebrae and ribs
A= extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column (posture)

Pectoralis major

O= clavicle, costal cartilage of1st - 7th ribs and rectus sheath
I= intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A= adducts and flexes arm (humerus), medial rotation (sholuder)

Biceps brachii

O= 2 heads:
Short head- coracoid process of scapul;
Long head- superior margin of glenoid cavity
I= radial tuberosity
A= flexes forearm (elbow); rolls radius outward to supinate hand

Brachialis

O= distal anterior humerus
I= coronoid process of ulna
A= flexes foream (elbow)

Triceps brachii

O= 3 heads (only need to know 2)
Long head- inferior margin of glenoid cavity and joint capsule
Lateral head- proximal head of humerus
I= olecranon and fascia of orearm
A= extends forearm (elbow)

Rectus abdominis

O= sumphysis pubis and pubic crest
I= costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum
A= flex lumbar portion of vertebral column, forced expiration

External abdominal oblique

O= ribs 5-12
I= illiac crest and pubic bone
A= maintains posture, supports and compresses abdominal cavity, rotates waist

Internal abdominal oblique

O= inquinal igament, iliac crest, and dorsal fascia
I= ribs and pubis
A= maintains posture, supports and compresses abdominal cavity, rotates waist

Transverse abdominal

O= inquinal igament, iliac crest, dorsal fascia, and costal cartilages 5-7
I= linea alba, pubis and aponeurosis of internal oblique
A= compresses abdominal cavity

Gluteus maximus

O= iliac crest illum, sacrum, and coccyx
I= iliotibial band and posterior femur (hip)
A= extends thigh (femur), lateral rottion fo femur (hip)

Gluteus medius and minimus

O= upperportion of ilium
I= greater trochanter of femur
A= abducts and medially rotates femur (hip); steadies pelvis

Tensor faciae latae

O= anterior superior iliac spine
I= lateral condyle of tibia
A= extends knee, rotates tibia, aides in abduction and rotation of emur, steadies knee when standing

Sartorius

O= anterior superior iliac spine
I= medial surface of tibia
A= flexes and laterally rotates thigh (hip); flexes knee

Adductor (Deep)
-A. longus,
-A. magnus

O= pubis and ischium
I= linea aspera of femur
A= adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates femur (hip)

Gracilis

O= pubis
I= medial surface of tibia
A= flexes and medially rotates knee; adducts thigh (hip)

Rectus femoris

O= anterior inferior iliac spine and lip of acetabulum
I= patella to tibial tuberosity
A= flexes femur (hip); extends leg (knee)

Vastus medialis; Vastus Lateralis

O= linea aspera of femur
I= patella to tibial tuberostiy
A= extends leg (knee)

Semimembranosus

O= ischial tuberosity
I= medial condyle of tibia and lateral condyle of femur
A= extends femur (hip); flexes (knee) and medially rotates leg

Semitendinosus

O= ischial tuberosity
I= proximal medial portion fo tibia
A= extends femur (hip); flexes (knee) and medially rotates leg with the semimembranosus

Biceps femoris (long head)

O= ischial tuberosity
I= head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
A= extends and laterally rotates femur (hip); fles (knee); elevates trunk in standing

Biceps femoris (short head)

O= linea aspera of femur
I= head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
A= flexes knee

Gastrocnemius

O= 2 heads: medial and lateral condyles of femur
I= calcaneus
A= plantar flexes foot (ankle); flexes knee