Name the layers of the meninges:
Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane * Pia Mater
the 3 membranes that surround & protect the brain are called:
meninges
the outermost membrane of the brain that is double-layered & continuous with the periosteum of the cranium
Dura mater
a delicate, transparent membrane that is separated from the dura mater by the subdural space; it follows the contour of the dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
the inner layer of the meninges; a highly vascular layer that adheres closely to the contours of the brain
Pia mater
separates the dura mater from the arachnoid membrane
Subdural space
separates the pia mater from the arachnoid mater; contains CSF that circulates around the brain and spinal cord & provides further protection to the CNS
Subarachnoid space
Name the 3 dural folds:
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli *Falx cerebelli
located between the 2 layers of dura mater
meningeal arteries
dural sinuses
provide venous drainage from the brain
dural sinuses
help to separate the structures of the brain and provide additional cushioning and support
Dural folds
separates the cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebri
forms a partition between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli
separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
a network of blood vessels within the ventricular system which produces CSF
Choroid plexus
provides a pathway for the circulation of the cerebral spinal fluid throughout the CNS
Ventricular system
Name the 4 fluid-filled cavities located deep within the brain:
Right lateral ventricle
Left lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
a thin partition that separates the right and left lateral ventricles
Septum pellucidum
the 3rd ventricle communicates with the 4th ventricle via this long, narrow passageway
Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius)
connects the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle
Interventricular foramen (Foramen of Monro)
a thin membrane that forms the anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
Lamina terminalis
forms the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
Thalamus
frequently used as a landmark to determine if the midline of the brain has shifted as a result of trauma or pressure
Septum pellucidum
a thin membrane that separates the 4th ventricle from the cerebellum
Superior and Inferior Medullary velum
Excess CSF is reabsorbed in the ______ ________ by way of the ______ _______.
dural sinuses....arachnoid villi
berrylike projections of arachnoid that penetrate the dura mater
arachnoid villi
enlargements of the arachnoid villi
granulations
locations, primarily around the base of the brain, where the subarachnoid space becomes widened
subarachnoidal cisterns (basal cisterns)
one of the largest of the cisterns; located in the lower posterior fossa between the medulla oblongata, cerebellar hemispheres & occipital bone
cisterna magna
the basilar artery is located in this cistern
Pontine cistern
located anterior and inferior to the pons and communicates laterally with the cerebellopontine angle (CPA)
Pontine cistern
Name some important structures located within the cerebellopontine angle cistern:
Cranial nerves V, VII, VIII
Superior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
name the subarachnoid cistern that courses around the lateral surface of the midbrain, connecting the interpeduncular cistern with the quadrigeminal cistern
Ambient cistern
located above the sella, this cistern contains the optic chiasm and the circle of Willis
Suprasellar (chiasmatic) cistern
the largest and densest bundle of white matter fibers within the cerebrum; forms the roof of the lateral ventricles and connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Name the 4 parts of the corpus callosum:
Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium
Name the parts of the caudate nucleus in relation to the thalamus:
Head - anterior
Body - superior *Tail - inferior
parallels the shape of the lateral ventricle and consists of a head, body, and tail
Caudate nucleus
a collection of subcortical gray matter consisting of the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, and claustrum; they contribute to the planning and programming of muscle action & movement
basal nuclei
The tail of the caudate nucleus terminates at the _______ in the temporal lobe.
amygdala
band of white fibers shaped like a boomerang and separates the thalamus and caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus
Internal capsule
the smallest portion of the brainstem which is located above the pons at the junction of the middle and posterior cranial fossae; composed primarily of massive bundles of nerve fiber tracts
Midbrain
Name the 2 major segments of the midbrain:
Cerebral peduncles
Tectum (colliculi)
brain structure that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct
Midbrain
very large veins located within the dura mater of the brain
Dural sinuses
All the veins of the head drain into the dural sinuses and ultimately into the _______ ______ ______ of the neck.
internal jugular veins
Name the 7 major dural sinuses:
Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Straight
Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous *Petrosal
the superior sagittal sinus & inferior sagittal sinus run along the superior & inferior margins of this structure:
Falx cerebri
formed by the convergence of the inferior sagittal sinus with the great cerebral vein (vein of Galen)
Straight sinus
extends along the length of the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli
Straight sinus
the junction of the superior sagittal, transverse, and straight sinuses
Confluence of the sinuses
Where do the sigmoid sinuses drain?
Internal jugular veins
facial expression is controlled by this nerve
#5 Trigeminal