What structures detect environmental changes and trigger nerve impulses that cause the body to respond?
Sensory receptors
Which category involves touch, pressure, temperature and pain?
Somatic senses
Which category involves smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and vision?
Special senses
Thermoreceptors
Temperature differences
Chemoreceptors
Changes in chemical concentration
Pain receptors
Tissue damage
Photoreceptors
Light energy
Mechanoreceptors
Pressure or movement differences
Name the chemoreceptors involved with the sense of smell.
Olfactory
Why does the sense of smell use chemoreceptors?
Chemicals dissolved in liquids stimulate them
Name the special organs of taste.
Taste buds
Within what structures on the tongue are taste buds located?
Papillae
Approximately how many taste buds do we have on our tongues?
10,000
Approximately how many taste buds are scattered in the roof of the mouth and wall of the throat?
1,000
Approximately how many taste cells does each taste bud have?
50-150
How often are taste cells replaced?
3 days
What type of receptors are taste cells? Why?
Chemoreceptors; because chemicals are involved
Name the 4 primary taste sensations.
Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
Name the 3 structures that make up the outer ear.
Auricle, external acoustic meatus (canal), and tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Which structure transports the sound to the tympanic membrane?
External acoustic meatus
What are the auditory ossicles?
3 small ear bones
Name the auditory ossicles.
Malleus, incus, and stapes
What structure within the middle ear aids in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane?
Auditory tube
Trace a sound wave through the ear starting with the auricle.
Auricle, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, perilymph, membrane, endolymph, receptor cells
What part of the inner ear consists of communicating chambers and tubes?
Labyrinth
Name the two parts of the labyrinth.
Osseous and membranous
What fluid is contained between the bony and membranous labyrinth?
Perilymph
What fluid is contained in the membranous labyrinth with the hair receptors?
Endolymph
What is the organ of Corti?
Organ of hearing
Where is the organ of Corti located?
Cochlea
What structures are exclusively involved with equilibrium?
Vestibule and semicircular canals
Which one maintains the head position when still?
Static