b. False
True or False. Lymph nodes monitor blood for antigens.
a. True
b. False
c. thyroid
The largest gland entirely devoted to endocrine activities is:
a. pituitary
b. pancreas
c. thyroid
d. tonsils
d. oxytocin
Which hormone stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands by means of a positive feedback loop?
a. secretin
b. estrogen
c. prolactin
d. oxytocin
a. right atrium
Deoxygenated blood is delivered to what structure of the heart?
a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle
d. capillaries
Which structures are called the "functional units" of the cardiovascular system?
a. the heart and major vessels
b. arteries
c. veins
d. capillaries
b. hypothalamus
Which of the following controls and oversees most endocrine functions?
a. pineal gland
b. hypothalamus
c. thyroid gland
d. heart
b. arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called:
a. valves
b. ateries
c. veins
d. pericardium
d. neutrophils
Usually the most numerous cells of the leukocytes are the:
a. eosinophils
b. basophils
c. lymphocytes
d. neutrophils
c. hepatic portal system
The veins of the gastrointestinal tract all merge into some part of the __________ which shunts the blood to the liver for absorption and processing of transported materials.
a. renal portal system
b. hepatic anastomosis
c. hepatic portal system
d. gastro
a. thymus
This lymphatic organ grows until puberty and then regresses in size.
a. thymus
b. spleen
c. peyer's patches
d. tonsils
a. left
Which ventricle of the heart has a thicker muscular wall?
a. Left
b. Right
b. insulin
When glucose levels in the blood are elevated which of the following hormones are released?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. thyroid hormones
d. aldosterone
c. medulla
Which structure of the adrenal gland produces the "fight or flight" hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine)?
a. chief cells
b. cortex
c. medulla
d. islets
a. melatonin
Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
a. melatonin
b. insulin
c. cortisol
d. oxytocin
d. hemoglobin
The portion of the erythrocyte that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is:
a. rouleaux
b. plasma proteins
c. cytoplasm
d. hemoglobin
b. from extremities to body core
What direction does lymph fluid flow?
a. parallel to blood circulation(all over body)
b. from extremities to body core
c. from heart to extremities
d. none of these
d. sinoatrial node (SA)
The specialized cardiac muscle cells that initiate the heart beat is called:
a. atrioventricular(AV) node
b. systole
c. left and right bundles
d. sinoatrial node (SA)
b. monocytes
Which is the largest cell or structure of the following?
a. Platelet
b. monocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. lymphocytes
b. veins
At rest about 60% of the body's blood is normally held by the:
a. heart
b. veins
c. arteries
d. capillaries
b. lymphatic capillaries
The smallest type of lymph vessel is:
a. lymph node
b. lymphatic capillaries
c. red bone marrow
d. lymphatic vessel
a. tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
From the innermost outward, what three layers are found in the walls of both arteries and veins?
a. tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
b. tunica interna, tunica intima, tunica extreme
c. tunica adventitia, tunica intima, tunic externa
d. tunica a
c. tunica media
Which tunic contains circulary arranged layers of smooth muscle cells?
a. tunica adventitia
b. tunica interna
c. tunica media
d. tunica externa
d. anterior pituitary
Regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus directly influences the __________ gland's secretory activity.
a. pineal
b. thyroid
c. posterior pituitary
d. anerior pituitary
d. chordate tendinae
The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the means of the:
a. pectinate muscles
b. trabeculae carnae
c. conus arteriosus
d. chordate tendinae
a. inferior vena cava and c. common iliac vein
Which vein collects most of the blood from the lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and abdominal structures?
a. inferior vena cava
b. great saphenous vein
c. common iliac vein
a. azygos vein
b. deltacell, somatostatin
Which of the following correctly pairs a pancreatic islet cell with the hormone it secretes?
a. alpha cell, insulin
b. deltacell, somatostatin
c. Fcell, glucagon
d. beta cell, pancreatic polypeptide
d. all of the above
What is lymph fluid composed of?
a. foreign materials
b. interstitial fluid
c. solutes
d. all of the above
c. synthesis of vitamins
All of the following are functions of blood except:
a. transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
b. regulation of body temperature
c. synthesis of vitamins
d. defense against infection
c. veins
Which category of blood vessels contains valves to prevent blood from pooling in the limbs?
a. aorta
b. arteries
c. veins
d. capillaries
a. parathyroid glands
Hormonal secretion by the _________ raises calcium levels in the blood.
a. parathyroid glands
b. thyroid gland
c. pineal gland
d. adrenal medulla
d. water
The most abundant compound in blood plasma, accounting for about 92% of the total volume is:
a. oxygen
b. gamma-globulin
c. sodium chloride
d. water
c. capillaries
Which type of blood vessel permits metabolic exchange between blood and cells outside of the bloodstream?
a. end arteries
b. veins
c. capillaries
d. arteries
c. superior vena cava
Veins that drain the head, neck and upper limbs ultimately merge to form the:
a. jugular veins
b. subclavian veins
c. superior vena cava
d. inferior vena cava
c. T-lymphocytes
Which type of lymphocyte is present in the largest numbers (70-85%), contains "helper" cells and is used to monitor AIDS treatments?
a. Macrophages
b. NK cells (natural killer)
c. T-lymphocytes
d. B-lymphocytes
b. thymus
Which endocrine organ is located in the mediastinum superior to the heart, just posterior to the sternum, and diminishes in size with age?
a. thyroid gland
b. thymus
c. pineal gland
d. adrenal gland
c. brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery.
What are the three main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch?
a. left and right common carotid arteries and the brachiocephalic trunk.
b. right subclavian artery, brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery.
c. brachiocephalic trunk, le
b. rouleaux
Stacks of erythrocytes called __________ can pass through blood vessels barely larger than the diameter of a single erythrocyte.
a. colloids
b. rouleaux
c. columns
d. all of the above
b. lacteal
A special type of lymphatic capillary that collects lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins from the GI tract is called:
a. Solute
b. lacteal
c. macrophage
d. NK cell
b. plasma and formed elements
The two primary components of whole blood(before it clots) are:
a. erythrocytes and leukocytes
b. plasma and formed elements
c. formed elements and dissolved proteins
d. blood cells and cell fragments
b. spleen
Which lymphatic organ destroys old, defective red blood cells and platelets?
a. thymus
b. spleen
c. lymph nodes
d. MALT
c. thoracic duct
The largest lymphatic vessel is the:
a. right lymphatic duct
b. cisterna chili
c. thoracic duct
d. left subclavian vein
d. lymphatic capillaries
Which of the following has one-way valves to let lymph fluid in?
a. Lacteals
b. B-lymphocytes
c. arterioles
d. lymphatic capillaries
a. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
What are the formed elements of blood?
a. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
b. the buffy coat and plasma proteins
c. blood cells, cell fragments, and plasma
d. all compounds synthesized by the blood
b. Type O
Which of the following blood types have no antigens for blood typing present on their cell membrane surfaces?
a. Type AB
b. Type O
c. Type A
d. Type B
a. into the bloodstream
Where do endocrine glands secrete their hormones?
a. into the bloodstream
b. into a duct
c. into the lymphatic system
d. into nerve tracts
d. choices b and c
Which of the following is an example of lymphatic nodules?
a. Spleen
b. tonsil
c. MALT
d. choices b and c
c. leukocytes
The blood cells that help to defend the body against pathogens are called:
a. megakaryoblasts
b. erythrocytes
c. leukocytes
d. platelets
a. oxygenated
What type of blood do the pulmonary veins deliver to the heart?
a. oxygenated
b. deoxygenated
c. filtered
d. none of these
b. elastic
Which types of arteries are the largest?
a. arterioles
b. elastic
c. muscular
d. venules
c. dural venous sinus
Which of the following drains venous blood from the brain?
a. hepatic portal vein
b. common iliac vein
c. dural venous sinus
d. pulmonary vein
c. fibrous skeleton
The structure in the heart that provides "electrical insulation" between the atria and the ventricles is:
a. vena cava
b. coronary sinus
c. fibrous skeleton
d. semilunar valve
a. diapedesis
When leukocytes leave a blood vessel and enter tissues this process is called:
a. diapedesis
b. abandonment
c. migration
d. cytokine
b. melatonin
Which of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone?
a. growth hormone
b. melatonin
c. prolactin
d. adrenocorticotropic hormone
b. pumps lymphatic fluid all through the body with each heart beat.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
a. returns interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream
b. pumps lymphatic fluid all through the body with each heart beat.
c. production and maturation of lymphocytes
d. transport lipids and
superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta.
Systemic veins - ___________ - ___________ right AV valve - right ventricle - ____________ - pulmonary trunk - lungs - _____________ - left atrium - left AV valve - _____________ - aortic semilunar valve - ____________.