Rostral
Superior
Caudal
Inferior
Telencephalon
Becomes the cerebrum
Diencephalon
Becomes the hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus
Gyri (singular = gyrus)
Folds in the outer surface of an adult brain
Sulci (singular = sulcus)
Shallow depressions between the folds in the outer surface of an adult brain
Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
The five regions of the "brain" that have formed by the fifth week of fetal/embryonic development
Mesencephalon
Becomes a short section of the brain stem between the diencephalon and the pons
Metencephalon
Becomes the pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon
Becomes the medulla oblongata
Gray matter
Gets its color from unmyelinated axons. Also houses motor neurons, interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, and branching axon terminals.
White matter
Gets its color from the myelin in the myelinated axons. Also contains dendrites and associated neuroglial cells.
Cortex
External sheets of gray matter that cover the surface of most of the adult brain (the cerebrum and the cerebellum)
White, gray
The ___ matter of the brain lies deep to the ___ matter of the cortex.
Medulla
The region of white matter
Gray, white
In the spinal cord, the __ matter is deep to the __ matter.
Meninges
Connective tissue membranes that surround and partition portions of the brain.
Cranium, meninges, CSF, blood-brain barrier
Things that support, isolate, or protect the brain.
Meninges
Three connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium, enclose and protect blood vessesl that supply the brain, and contain and circulate CSF. Some parts form some of the veins that drain blood from the br
Pia mater
Innermost of the cranial meninges. Composed of delicate connective tissue that is highly vascularized and which tightly adheres to the brain and follows every contour of the brain surface.
Arachnoid mater
Lies immediately internal to the dura matter. Partially composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers.
Subarachnoid space
Immediately deep to the arachnoid. Where the extensions of the arachnoid extend, to connect to the pia mater.
Subdural space
Potential space between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.
Dura mater
The most external of the meninges and is composed of tough dense irregular connective tissue that has two fibrous layers.
Dura mater
Strongest of the meninges
Meningeal layer, periosteal layer
Two layers of the dura mater
Dural venous sinuses
The meningeal layer of the dura mater is usually fused to the periosteal layer, except in specific areas where the two layers separate to form large, blood-filled spaces called ___.
Dural venous sinuses
Typically triangular in cross-section, and unlike most other veins, they do not have valves to regulate venous flow. They're large veins that drain blood from the brain and transport the blood to the internal jugular veins.
Epidural space
The dura mater and the bones of the skull may be separated by the potential ____, which contains the arteries and veins that nourish the meninges and bones of the cranium. In healthy conditions its not a space at all, but it has the potential to fill with
Cranial dural septa
The meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat partitions into the cranial cavity at several locations, and these are called ___.
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diphragma sellae
The four cranial dural septa.
Falx cerebri
The largest of the four dural septa.
Tentorium cerebelli
The posterior attachment site for the falx cerebri. (The anterior attachment is the crista galli of the ethmoid bone)
Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli
Which three dural septa have at least one dural venous sinus?
Tentorium cerebelli
One of the cranial dural septa. A horizontally oriented fold of dura matter that separates the occipital lobe and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum. Dural venous sinus in its posterior border.
Tentorial notch
A small gap or opening at the anterior of the tentorium cerebelli, to allow for the passage of the brainstem.
Tentorial incisure
Another term for the tentorial notch.
Falx cerebelli
One of the cranial dural septa. Like the falx cerebri, but divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres. Tiny dural venous sinus runs in its posterior vertical border.
Diphragma sellae
One of the cranial dural septa. Forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. A small opening within it allows for the passage of a thin stalk that attches to the pituitary gland within the sella turcica to the base of the hypothalamus located