what are the two mammalian body cavities?
thoracic and abdominal
what is the different between the texture of the trachea and esophagus?
the trachea is ribbed
where in a vertebrates body is the esophagus located?
thoracic area
what is the function of the esophagus?
to aid in digestion
list the primary organs of the digestive system in order
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum, large intestine, colon, rectum, anus
List the sphincter that is caudal to the stomach
pyloric sphincter
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter
controls the flow of chyme into the stomach
Trace the path of urine from the kidneys to the outside of the body?
kidney , ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, vagina
where In a rats body does a fetus develop?
uterus
What is a vasectomy?
vas defers are cut and can't fertilize
rat dissection
dorsal?
toward the back
ventral?
belly side
anterior/cranial
towards head
posterior/caudal
toward the tail
pelage
growth of hair or wool or fur covering the body of an animal
vibrissae
whiskers
pinna
outer ear
auditory meatus
auditory canal
urinary aperture
opens from the clitoris
vulva
closet to the anus
what are the testes enclosed in?
scrotal sacs
urogenital orifice
opening at the end of the penis used for the release of urine and sperm
what is a pericardium
covering of the heart
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
trachea
connects lungs to the nostrils
esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
cardiac spinchter
opening from the esophagus to the stomach (spincter= band)
what does the sphincter / circular muscles control?
the flow of chyme in the stomach
colon
large intestine where water reabsorption and digestive wastes are compacted
caecum
a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines that is rich in bacteria to aid in digeston
rectum
the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
what is the urogenital system made up of?
excretory and reproductive system
kidney?
filters out nitrogenous waste for blood, such as regulate the chemical concentration of blood and maintain salt and water balance
ureter
thin tube that connects kidney to the urinary bladder
where is the urethra in a male?
in the penis
where is the urethra in a female?
anterior to the vagina
what is testosterone?
male hormone
what is produced inside the testes?
testosterone and sperm
testes have to be located outside the body, why?
the temperature is cooler
where are the prostate glands?
between the bases of the seminal vesicles
what do the seminal vesicles and prostate glands secrete?
nutrients, mostly sugars which when combined with sperm form semen.
What is the epididymis?
attached to the testes store sperm produced in testes
what is the vas deferens?
connects the epididymis to the urethra, which carries sperm through the penis
What is cut when humans receive a vasectomy?
vas deferens
what happens in the ovaries?
egg production and the production of hormones estrogen and progesterone
What is the oviduct?
small coiled tube below the ovary where fertilization takes place
what is the uterus?
where the embryo develops
If the rat is placed on its back and you are looking at its abdomen, what region are you looking at?
abdominal cavity