When the femoral artery emerges from the adductor hiatus, it is called:
a. posterior tibial
b. deep femoral
c. popliteal
d. tibialis anterior
c. popliteal
The ventral division component of the sciatic nerve, which divides in the popliteal fossa is the:
a. tibial nerve
b. calcaneal nerve
c. saphanous nerve
d. common peroneal nerve
a. tibial nerve
A normal Q angle is:
a. <10 degrees
b. 15 degrees
c. 20 degrees
d. >25 degrees
b. 15 degrees
Which of the following muscles does not contribute to the pes anserinus?
a. semimembranosus
b. semitendinosus
c. gracilis
d. sartorius
a. semimembranosus
Loss of eversion and dorsiflexion of the foot, i.e. foot-drop, is the result of injury to:
a. common peroneal nerve
b. tibial nerve
c. gastrocnemius
d. plantaris
a. common peroneal nerve
What artery may become compromised in anterior tibial syndrome?
a. deep peroneal
b. anterior tibial
c. superficial peroneal
d. tibial
e. none of the above
b. anterior tibial
The nerve of the anterior compartment of the leg (not thigh) is the:
a. tibial
b. deep peroneal
c. superficial peroneal
d. femoral
e. obturator
b. deep peroneal
In the dorsum of the foot the anterior tibial artery becomes the:
a. dorsalis pedis
b. medial calcaneal
c. anterior malleolar
d. deep peroneal
a. dorsalis pedis
Teenage girls may be disposed to this lateral curvature of the spine in the frontal plane:
a. lordosis
b. scoliosis
c. kyphosis
d. Quasimodo
b. scoliosis
Which subdivision of the somite contributes to the formation of skeletal muscle?
a. dermatome
b. myotome
c. schlerotome
d. notocord
b. myotome
The somite derives from what embryonic tissue?
a. hypoblast
b. ectoderm
c. mesoderm
d. endoderm
c. mesoderm
The area of skin at the level of the umbilicus corresponds to what dermatome?
a. C4
b. T4
c. T10
d. L2
c. T10
The mesothelium lining the thoracic body wall is the:
a. parietal peritoneum
b. parietal pleura
c. greater omentum
d. dorsal messentery
b. parietal pleura
How might a runner's stitch, or side-ache, be related to a spasm in the diaphragm?
a. constriction of the aorta as it passes through the diaphragm hiatus
b. pain of spasm perceived by branches of the intercostal nerves
c. compression of the gall bladder
d
b. pain of spasm perceived by branches of the intercostal nerves
The axes of rotation of the costovertebral joints of the lower ribs more approximate what orientation?
a. anteroposterior
b. mediolateral
c. vertical
a. anteroposterior
The deep inguinal ring:
a. is the site of direct inguinal hernias
b. lies lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
c. passes through the transversus abdominus muscle
d. is larger in females
b. lies lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
The kidneys develop from what embryonic tissue?
a. paraxial mesoderm
b. intermediate mesoderm
c. lateral plate mesoderm
d. endoderm
b. intermediate mesoderm
The cutaneous nerve branches supplying the skin over the adductor muscles.
a. ilioinguinal
b. iliohypogastric
c. obturator
d. femoral
c. obturator
Which of the following is NOT true of the iliotibial band?
a. a thickening of the fascia lata
b. inserted upon by the tensor fascia lata
c. inserts on Gerdy's tubercle
d. prevents medial bending of femur
d. prevents medial bending of femur
A pulled groin muscle, resulting from extreme stretching, e.g. gymnastics, most generally involves the proximal attachments of muscles of which compartment?
a. anterior
b. medial
c. posterior
d. lateral
b. medial
At heel strike during the gait cycle, what muscle best prevents inertia of the torso's mass from causing the hip to collapse into flexion?
a. quadriceps
b. gluteus maximus
c. gastrocnemius
d. tibialis anterior
b. gluteus maximus
The nerve to the lateral compartment of the thigh is the:
a. obturator
b. femoral
c. tibial
d. common peroneal
e. pudendal
d. common peroneal
Which muscle of the medial compartment may have a distinct innervation from the others?
a. adductor brevis - obturator
b. adductor longus - obturator
c. adductor magnus (ischiocondylar part) - tibial
d. gracilis - obturator
c. adductor magnus (ischiocondylar part) - tibial
What strong ligaments prevent rotation at the sacroiliac joint?
a. sacrospinous and sacrotuberous
b. anterior and posterior cruciates
c. pubic symphysis
d. pubofemoral
a. sacrospinous and sacrotuberous
What nerve or vessel is NOT to be found emerging from the infrapiriformic space?
a. internal pudendal artery
b. pudendal nerve
c. superior gluteal artery
d. sciatic nerve
e. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
c. superior gluteal artery
Stimulatory visceromotor innervation of much of the GI tract is supplied by:
a. thoracic sympathetic fibers
b. the vagus nerve
c. the phrenic nerve
d. otic ganglion
b. the vagus nerve
The postaxial vein of the lower extremity is the:
a. femoral
b. sciatic
c. great saphenous
d. small saphenous
d. small saphenous
Adolescents in vigorous athletic activities such as soccer are susceptible to avulsion fractures involving the hamstring's origin from the:
a. ischial spine
b. ischial tuberosity
c. pubic symphysis
d. anterior inferior iliac spine
b. ischial tuberosity
The dermatome(s) over the posterior surface of the thigh:
a. L2, 3
b. L4, 5
c. S1, 2
d. S3, 4
c. S1, 2
The gap between the horns of the lunate surface of the acetabulum is bridged by the:
a. ligamentum teres
b. acetabular labrum
c. ligament of the head of the femur
d. transverse acetabular ligament
d. transverse acetabular ligament
What artery passes through the adductor hiatus?
a. profunda femoris
b. tibial
c. external iliac
d. femoral
e. saphenous
d. femoral
What cutaneous nerve runs parallel to the femoral artery but does not enter the adductor canal?
a. obturator
b. saphenous
c. lateral femoral
d. sciatic
b. saphenous
What muscle covers a thin area of the hip joint capsule anteriorly?
a. piriformis
b. rectus femoris
c. sartorius
d. iliopsoas
d. iliopsoas
The fibers of the ischiofemoral ligament are oriented to limit:
a. abduction
b. adduction
c. flexion
d. extension
e. axial rotation
d. extension
What muscle of the hamstrings is innervated by a branch of the common peroneal nerve?
a. adductor magnus (pubofemoral part)
b. semitendinosus
c. biceps femoris (long head)
d. biceps femoris (short head)
e. gracilis
d. biceps femoris (short head)
The ventral division component of the sciatic nerve, which diverges in the popliteal fossa is the:
a. tibial nerve
b. calcaneal nerve
c. saphanous nerve
d. common peroneal nerve
a. tibial nerve
Which muscle inserts on the lateral side of proximal tibia and fibula?
a. semimembranosus
b. semitendinosus
c. biceps femoris
d. sartorius
c. biceps femoris
The liver lies primarily within what abdominal region?
a. hypogastric
b. left lumbar
c. right hypochondriac
d. left inguinal
c. right hypochondriac
The upper and lower quadrants are separated by the:
a. midclavicular line
b. transumbilical plane
c. transpyloric plane
d. intercristal plane
b. transumbilical plane
What lies between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum?
a. transverses abdominus
b. perirenal fascia
c. rectus sheath
d. extraperitoneal fat
a. transverses abdominus
Fibers of this muscle run parallel to the internal intercostals muscle fibers.
a. external abdominal oblique
b. internal abdominal oblique
c. transverses thoracis
d. transverses abdominis
b. internal abdominal oblique
Above the arcuate line, the external portion of the rectus sheath consists of:
a. aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and half of the internal abdominal oblique
b. aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and transversalis fascia
c. aponeur
a. aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique and half of the internal abdominal oblique
A protrusion of the bowel lateral to the inferior epigastric artery is a(n) ________ hernia.
a. direct
b. indirect
b. indirect
The serous membrane of the abdomen is the:
a. pleura
b. pericardium
c. peritoneum
d. transversalis fascia
c. peritoneum
An apron-like mesentery, rich in lymphoid tissue is the:
a. coronary ligament
b. lienorenal ligament
c. sigmoid mesocolon
d. greater omentum
d. greater omentum
The cul-de-sac within the peritoneal cavity posterior to the stomach is the:
a. lesser sac
b. greater omentum
c. splenic flexure
d. retroperitoneal space
a. lesser sac
Which is not a branch of the coeliac trunk?
a. left gastric
b. splenic
c. common hepatic
d. superior mesenteric
d. superior mesenteric
Pain referred from the stomach may be perceived:
a. along the left arm
b. at left neck and shoulder
c. in the hypogastric region
d. between the shoulder blades
d. between the shoulder blades
The kidney is immediately surrounded by a membrane-bound layer of fat called the:
a. perirenal fascia
b. pararenal fascia
c. extraperitoneal fat
d. superficial fascia
a. perirenal fascia
From which embryonic tissue does the kidney develop?
a. ectoderm
b. intermediate mesoderm
c. lateral plate mesoderm
d. endoderm
b. intermediate mesoderm
T or F? The kidneys are secondarily retroperitoneal.
False
T of F? The inguinal ligament runs between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle.
True
Which of the following is not secondarily retroperitoneal.
a. pancreas
b. duodenum
c. descending colon
d. aorta
a. pancreas
The superficial inguinal ring is formed by:
a. transversalis fascia
b. aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
c. transversus abdominis
d. submuscular gap of the internal abdominal oblique
b. aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
The cremaster muscle is formed by fibers derived from:
a. transversus abdominis
b. internal abdominal oblique
c. external abdominal oblique
d. rectus abdominus
b internal abdominal oblique
The mesentery spanning between the liver and the stomach is the:
a. greater omentum
b. lesser omentum
c. ventral mesentary
d. mesocolon
b. lesser omentum
The tunica vaginalis is a remnant of the:
a. path followed by the descending testes
b. processus vaginalis
c. peritoneal sac
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
That part of the stomach associated with the left dome of the diaphragm:
a. pylorus
b. body
c. cardium
d. fundus
d. fundus
The greater curvature of the stomach is vascularized by:
a. R. and L. gastroepiploic arteries
b. R. and L. gastric arteries
c. superior mesenteric arter
d. inferior mesenteric artery
a. R. and L. gastroepiploic arteries
The curve of the duodenum encircles the:
a. spleen
b. left kidney
c. abdominal aorta
d. head of the pancreas
d. head of the pancreas
Which of the following does not enter the hilum of the liver?
a. bile duct
b. hepatic portal vein
c. hepatic artery proper
d. inferior vena cava
d. inferior vena cava
What region of the gut is not supplied by the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
a. jejunum
b. ileum
c. ascending colon
d. descending colon
d. descending colon
Protrusion of the bowel lateral to the inferior epigastric artery constitutes a(n):
a. direct inguinal hernia
b. indirect inguinal hernia
c. femoral hernia
b. indirect inguinal hernia
The descending colon receives parasympathetic innervation via:
a. the phrenic nerve
b. the vagus nerve
c. the least splanchinc nerve
d. the pelvic nerves
d. the pelvic nerves
Which of the following is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?
a. splenic vein
b. left renal vein
c. superior mesenteric vein
d. inferior mesenteric vein
b. left renal vein
The fascia surrounding the aorta and inferior vena cava is:
a. perirenal fascia
b. anterior pararenal fascia
c. extraperitoneal fascia
d. parietal peritoneum
a. perirenal fascia
The ureter:
a. lies anterior to the psoas muscle
b. crosses anterior to the common iliac artery
c. enters inferior to the bladder via the trigone
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which is longer, the right or left renal vein?
left
Which nerve passes beneath the inguinal ligament?
a. obturator
b. femoral
c. lateral femoral cutaneous
d. lumbosacral trunk
b.femoral
Which muscle passes below the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?
a. transverses abdominis
b. psoas
c. iliacus
d. quadratus lumborum
d. quadratus lumborum
The gubernaculum is homologous to the:
a. inguinal ligament
b. round ligament of the liver
c. round ligament of the uterus
d. none of the above
c. round ligament of the uterus
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the female pelvic girdle?
a. wide sacrum
b. obtuse pubic angle
c. thinner pubic rami
d. deep symphysis pubis
d. deep symphysis pubis
The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments prevent rotation at the:
a. lumbar joints
b. sacroiliac joints
c. pubofemoral joints
d. lumbosacral joints
b. sacroiliac joints
The mesonephric duct becomes the male:
a. urethra
b. ductus deferens
c. ureter
d. seminiferous ducts
b. ductus deferens
What structure surrounds the urethra immediately inferior to the urinary bladder?
a. seminal vesicles
b. bulbospongiosum
c. prostate
d. testicle
c. prostate
Pain in the diaphragm may be referred to:
a. left neck and shoulder
b. left medial arm
c. epigastrium
d. low back
a. left neck and shoulder
The septum transversum derives from what tissue?
a. ectoderm
b. mesoderm
c. endoderm
b. mesoderm
The right and left crura of the diaphragm flank which structure?
a. aorta
b. inferior vena cava
c. quadratus lumborum
a. aorta
The diaphragm receives motor innervation via the:
a. vagus nerve
b. sympathetic chain
c. greater splanchnic nerve
d. phrenic
d. phrenic
The margins of the diaphragm receive sensory innervation from branches of:
a. vagus nerve
b. phrenic nerve
c. intercostal nerves
d. dorsal rami of spinal nerves
c. intercostal nerves
What nerve passes through the gap beneath the medial arcuate ligament?
a. the sympathetic chain
b. greater splanchnic nerve
c. phrenic nerve
d. vagus nerve
b. greater splanchnic nerve
Which nerve accompanies the esophagus through the diaphragm?
a. the sympathetic chain
b. greater splanchnic nerve
c. phrenic nerve
d. vagus nerve
d. vagus nerve
The preaxial vein of the lower extremity is the:
a. femoral
b. sciatic
c. great saphenous
d. small saphenous
c. great saphenous
The cutanous nerve branches supplying the skin of the anterior thigh, distal to the sartorius.
a. ilioinginal
b. iliohypogastric
c. obturator
d. femoral
d. femoral
Cutaneous branches of the genitofemoral nerve innervate the skin _____ to the line of the sartorius muscle.
a. proximal
b. distal
a. proximal
The nerve to the lateral compartment of the thigh (short head of biceps femoris) is the
a. obturator
b. femoral
c. tibial
d. common peroneal
e. pudendal
d. common peroneal
A powerful extender of the hip when standing from a sitting position.
a. gluteus minimus
b. gluteus medius
c. gluteus maximus
d. quadratus femoris
c. gluteus maximus
The biceps femoris (short head) is innervated by:
a. femoral nerve
b. common peroneal nerve
c. tibial nerve
d. obturator nerve
b. common peroneal nerve
A muscle that attaches to the IT band:
a. gluteus medius
b. pectineus
c. iliopsoas
d. tensor fascia latae
d. tensor fascia latae
Which is false regarding the parasympathetic nerves of the pelvis?
a. arise from S2, S3, S4
b. ascend through the hypogastric plexus to supply the sigmoid colon
c. are involved in micturition reflexes
d. conduct nervous impulses responsible for ejaculatio
d. conduct nervous impulses responsible for ejaculation