Physiology
The branch of biological science that studies how body parts work or function.
Anatomy
The study of the shape and structure of body parts
Homeostasis
The tendency of the body's systems to maintain a relatively constant or balanced internal environment
Metabolism
The term that indicates all chemical reactions occurring in the body
Urinary System
Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes
Endocrine System
Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland
Skeletal System
Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act
Cardiovascular System
Includes the heart
Integumentary System
Protects underlying organs from drying out and mechanical damage
Lymphatic/Immune System
Protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells
Digestive System
Breaks down foodstuffs into small particles that can be absorbed
Respiratory System
Removes carbon dioxide from the blood
Cardiovascular System
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
Muscular System
Moves the limbs; allows facial expression
Urinary System
Conserves body water or eliminates excesses
Reproduction System
Provides for conception and childbearing
Endocrine System
Controls the body w/ chemicals called hormones
Integumentary System
Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn
Cardiovascular System
Blood vessels, heart
Endocrine System
Pancreas, pituitary, adrenal glands
Urinary system
Kidneys, bladder, ureters
Reproductive System
Testis, vas deferens, urethra
Digestive System
Esophagus, large intestine, rectum
Skeletal System
Breastbone, vertebral column, skull
Nervous System
Brain, Nerves, sensory receptors
Maintenance Of Boundaries
Keep's the body's internal environment distinct from the external environment
Reproduction
Provides new cells for growth and repair
Growth
Occurs when constructive activities occur at a faster rate than destructive activities
Digestion
The tuna sandwich you have jst eaten is broken down to it's chemical building blocks
Excretion
Elimination of carbon dioxide by the lungs and elimination of nitrogenous wastes by the kidneys
Responsiveness
Ability to react to stimuli; a major role of the nervous system
Movement
Walking, throwing a ball, riding a bicycle
Metabolism
All chemical reactions occurring in the body
Maintenance of Boundaries
At the cellular level, membranes; for the whole organism, the skin
Axillary
Armpit
Femoral
Thigh region
Gluteal
Buttock area
Cervical
Neck region
Umbilical
Belly button area
Pubic
Genital area
Antecubitcal
Anterior aspect of elbow
Occipital
Posterior aspect of head
Inguinal
Area where trunk meets thigh
Lumbar
Back area from ribs to hips
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
Pelvic & Ventral
Removal of the uterus, or womb
Thoracic & Ventral
Coronary bypass surgery (Heart surgery)
Dorsal & Cranial
Removal of a serious brain tumor
Ventral & Pelvic
Removal of a "hot" appendix
Abdominal & Ventral
A stomach ulcer operation
Dorals
Back
Ventral
Anterior/front
Thoracic
Chest
Cranial
Skull
In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the ______ body surface
Anterior
The buttocks and shoulder blades are on the _____ body surface.
Posterior
The top of the head is the most ______ part of the body.
Superior
The ears are ____ to the shoulders and ______ to the nose.
Superior , Lateral
The heart is ____ to the spine and ____ to the lungs.
Anterior, Anterior
The elbow is _____ to the fingers but ______ to the shoulder.
Proximal , Distal
In humans, the dorsal surface can also be called the ________ surface.
Posterior
In 4 legged animals, the dorsal surface is the _______ surface.
Posterior
If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section is a _____ section.
Sagittal
If the heart is cut so that the anterior and posterior parts result, the section is a _____ section.
Frontal
You are told to cut an animal along the two planes so that the paired kidneys are observable in both sections. The two sections that meet this requirement are the _______ and ______ sections.
Frontal , Transverse.
Level Of Structural Organization
Atoms ---> Chemicals ---> Molecules ---> Cells ---> Tissue ---> Organs ---> Organ Systems ---> Organism
The wrist is ______ to the hand.
Proximal
The breastbone is ______ to the spine.
Anterior
The brain is _______ to the spinal cord.
Superior
The lungs are _______ to the stomach.
Superior
The ears are _____ to the nose.
Lateral
The heart is _______ to the arm.
Medial
The forehead is ______ to the nose.
Superior
Anterior + Posterior
Front + Back
Superior + Inferior
Higher + Lower
Distal = Proximal
Far + Close
(applies to arms and legs)
Medial + Lateral
Middle + Far From Middle
Frontal Cut
is the plane that separates the anterior & posterior sides.
Transverse
is the plane that separates the superior and inferior sections of the body.
Sagittal/Mid - Sagittal
is the plane that separates the left side from the right side.
Superficial
Not deep. Surface area.
The knee is ______ to the hip.
Inferior
The forehead is _________ to the nose.
Superior
Femoral
The thigh
Fibular
The side of the leg
Inguinal
The groin
Mammary
The breast
Manus
The hand
Nasal
The nose
Oral
The mouth
Orbital
The bony eye socket
Patellar
The anterior knee (kneecap) region
Pelvic
The pelvis region
Pubic
The genital region
Sternal
The region of the breastbone
Tarsal
The ankle
Thoracic
The chest
Umbilical
The navel (belly button)
Cephalic
The head
Gluteal
The buttocks or rump
Lumbar
The area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin
Occipital
The posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull
Popliteal
The back of the knee
Sacral
The area between the hips
Scapular
The scapula or shoulder blade area
Sural
The calf or posterior surface of the leg
Vertebral
The area of the spinal column