the size of your fist
the heart is about what size?
mediastinum
heart it found here, middle cavity of the thorax, flanked by the lungs
apex
pointed part of the heart; rests on the diaphragm
base
location in which the great vessels arise from the heart, posterosuperior aspect of the heart from which the great vessels of the body emerge and points toward the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib
serous pericardium
double sac serous membrane
epicardium
visceral pericardium, hugs the external surface of the heart; is part of the heart wall
parietal pericardium
layer of the serous pericardium that lines the interior of the fibrous pericardium, at the superior aspect of the heart, this layer attaches to the large arteries leaving the heart
fibrous pericardium
protects heart and anchors it to surrounding structures including the diaphragm and the sternum
myocardium
thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arrangements; contracting layer
endocardium
thin sheet of endothelium which lines the heart chambers; continuous with the linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart
atria
upper chambers of the heart; receiving, not important in the pumping activity of the heart, blood flows into the atria under low pressure from the veins and then goes on to fill into the ventricles
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart; thick-walled, pumps the heart, when these contract, the blood is propelled out of the heart and into circulation
right ventricle
forms most of the hearts anterior surface
left ventricle
forms most of the heart apex
septum
divides the heart longitudinally
pulmonary circulation
right atria receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body; the circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart, right ventricle to left atrium
superior venae cavae
brings blood from the upper body to the right atrium
inferior venae cavae
brings blood from the lower body to the right atrium
pulmonary arteries
brings blood to the lungs, where oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is unloaded
systemic circulation
Blood returns to LEFT ATRIUM through the 4 pulmonary veins, Blood is pumped into the left ventricle and out into the AORTA. Here the systemic arteries branch to supply the body with OXYGEN-RICH blood. The oxygen is received by the body and the oxygen poor
left ventricle
out of the left and right, which ventricle has thicker walls because it pumps blood over a much longer pathway through the body
valves
allow blood to flow only in one direction through the heart chambers
av valves
located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side; prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract; open when heart is relaxed
bicuspid valve (mitral)
left av valve; consits of 2 flaps of endocardium, valve between the left atria and the left ventricle
tricuspid valve
right av valve, consists of 3 flaps, valve between the right atria and the right ventricle
chordae tendinae
tiny white chords supported by papillary muscles that anchor the flaps to the walls of the ventricles
semilunar valves
guard the base of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers; each has 3 leaflets which close when the heart it relaxed
pulmonary semilunar valve
...
aortic semilunar valve
...
superior venae cavae
bring deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium
inferior venae cavae
brings deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium
pulmonary trunk
beginning of the pulmonary artery off the left ventricle
pulmonary arteries
brings deoxygenated blood to lungs
pulmonary veins
brings oxygenated blood back to heart in left atrium
aorta
takes oxygenated blood from left ventricle and brings in to the body, has the largest, thickest walls
coronary ateries
arteries that branch from base of the aorta across the heart
intrinsic conduction system
system built into the heart tissue and sets it's basic rhythm
myocardium
muscular structure of the heart
6 quarts
heart pumps how many quarts of blood a day?
over 1000
heart pumps how many times a day?
sinoatrial node
located in the right atrium, starts each heartbeat and sets the pace for the whole heart
atriacontract
the impulse spreads through the atria to the av node
ventricle contract
impulse passes through the av bundle, the bundle branches, and the purkinje fibers
av node
found at the junction of the atrial and ventricles, node that grabs information from the sa node for a heart impulse and sends it to the av bundle
av bundle
receives info from the av node and sends it to the branches
bundle branches
right and left branches in the septum, sends information to the purkinje fibers
purkinje fibers
spread/contract within the muscle of the ventricle walls
systole
heart contraction
diastole
heart relaxation
cardiac cycle
event of one complete heartbeat; .8 seconds
75 times per minute
average heartbeat is?
mid-to-late diastole
Begins with heart in complete relaxation. Pressure in heart is low; blood is flowing passively through the atria to the ventricles from the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
The semilunar valves are closed; AV valves are open.
Atria then contract and fo
ventricular systole
ventricular contraction begins and the pressure within the ventricles increases rapidly, closing the AV valves. When pressure in the ventricles is higher than in the large arteries, the semilunar valves are forced open. Blood is forced out of ventricles.
early diastole
at the end of systole, the ventricles relax, the semilunar valves shut (preventing backflow), and for a moment, the ventricles are completely closed chambers.
Intraventricular pressure drops, and the AV valves are forced open. Ventricles again begin to re
tachychardia
rapid heart rate
bradycardia
heart rate that is substantially slower than normal
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat
arteries
initial vessel that takes blood away from the heart
aterioles
branches of arteries that become smaller and smaller
capillaries
branches of arteries become this in the tissue, 1 cell thick, gas exchange occurs here
venules
capillaries join together to make this
veins
venules join together to make this
heart sounds
described by "lub" and "dup", caused by the closing of the av valves and then when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole
pacemaker, av node, av bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
steps of the intrinsic conduction of a heart beat
pericarditis
the inflammation of the pericardium
murmer
abnormal or unusual heart sounds
ischemia
lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle
myocardial infarction
heart attack
oxygen
a heart attack is due to the heart not receiving enough?
dizziness and headache
most common sign of a heart attack for women
chest pain
most common sign for a heart attack in general
Steak
What type of food should you NOT eat in order to lower your blood pressure?
it thins the blood
What does aspirin do to help prevent a heart attack?
blood pressure
pressure exerted on the walls of the vessels of the cardiovascular system
systolic pressure
When is blood pressure the highest?
120/80
normal blood pressure range?
atherosclerosis
build up of plaque in a blood vessel