Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Fresh Blood, with oxygen and nutrients, reaches the brain through the ________
Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland
Two structures that integrate the functioning of the nervous system and endocrine system
Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
Structures in the medulla that relay sensory information to the thalamus
Providing the blood-brain barrier
NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid
Diffusion across the arachnoid vili
Excess cerebrospinal fluid is returned to venous circulation by ________
Choroid Plexus
Monitoring of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the removal of waste products from the CSF occurs in the ________
Blood-brain barrier
Neural tissue in the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the general circulation by the ________
A subdural hemorrhage
A break in the vein may cause blood to flow to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and down to the arachnoid layer
Gyri
What are the structures that are elevated ridges, which increase surface area to increase the number of neurons in a specific area?
Receiving and interpreting visual stimuli
NOT a function of the medulla oblongata
Pia mater
Which of the meninges is adhered to the surface of the brain and accompanies the branches of the blood vessels as they penetrate the surface of the brain?
Contains vital autonomic reflex centers
Why is damage to the medulla potentially so harmful despite the fact that the medulla is the lowest part of the brainstem?
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Two parts of the brain that compose the diencephalon
Transporting oxygen to brain cells
NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid
Bones of the skull
Provides mechanical protection for the brain by cradling it
The number of neurons and the complex interconnections among the neurons
The versatility of the brain to respond to stimuli is greater than that of the spinal cord because of _____
Carotid arteries and jugular veins
Which of the following structures does NOT provide protection and shock absorption for the brain
Portions of the hypothalamus and the choroid plexus
The blood-brain barrier remains intact throughout the CNS EXCEPT in ___________
Hydrocephalus
What would happen if the normal circulation or resorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were blocked
Medulla oblongata
Which part of the brainstem has a control center that makes you breathe
Medulla oblongata
The cardiovascular centers and the respiratory rhythmicity centers are located in the __________
Thalamus
NOT part of the brain stem
Midbrain, pons, medulla
What is the sequence of the structures that make up the brain stem going from the diencephalon to the spinal cord?
The arachnoid mater
Which of the meningeal membranes creates a space outside the brain where cerebrospinal fluid circulates
1. "water on the brain" Hydrocephaly
2. Enlargement of the cranium in infants
3. Compression of the brain tissue and impairment of neural function
A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cranial cavity can lead to ______________
Pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death?
Pre optic Area
Which component of the diencephalon is stimulated by changes in body temperature?
Pons and medulla oblongata
The cranial nerve that contains sensory neurons from the sense organs of the internal ear connects to which part or parts of the brain
Inferior colliculi
Have you ever noticed how we humans turn our head in response to a loud noise? What part of the midbrain is involved in bringing about this response to the loud noise
Cerebellar motor patterns
The effortless serve of a tennis player is a result of establishing _____________
Secretes oxytocin
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Thalamus
Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the
Brain stem, cerebrum, and spinal cord
The pons links the cerebellum with the
To filter and pass along sensory information to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
What is the function of the thalamus
Right and Left cerebral hemispheres
Which of the following is NOT a set of regions linked by the pons
Hypothalamus
The part(s) of the diencephalon responsible for coordinating the activities of the central nervous system and the endocrine system is/are the
Arbor vitae
White matter in the cerebellum is called the ___________ because it resembles a tree
Cerebellar cortex and nuclei
What are the components that make up the cerebellar gray matter
Substantia nigra
Inactivity of the neurons in which part of the midbrain is involved in Parkinson's disease?
Diencephalon
The epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus are anatomical structures of the
Nerves V, VI, VII, VIII
Which cranial nerves originate in the pons
Epithalamus
The pineal gland, an endocrine structure that secretes the hormone melatonin, is found in the
Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers
The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity center in the medulla oblongata are the
ADH and oxytocin
The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones
Storing complex memories
NOT a function of the hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Coordination and refinement of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level are performed by the
Fine-tuning muscle movements
function of the cerebellum
Generalized lethargy or actual sleep
Hypothalamic or thalamic stimulation that depresses reticular formation activity in the brain stem results in
Pineal gland
Which of the following produces the hormone melatonin
Hypothalamus
Which part of the brain regulates the functioning of the autonomic nervous system
Occipital lobe
Which lobe of the cerebrum is concerned with the sense of sight
Touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature receptors
The neurons in the primary sensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from
Gustatory cortex
Which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex receives sensory information from the taste receptors of the tongue and pharynx
Nerves III, IV and VI
Which cranial nerves are concerned with eyeball movement
Limbic system
Which part of the brain is known as the "Motivational System
Beta waves
Assume that as you are taking this practice exam, you are concentrating and giving it your full attention. If you were connected to an EEG at this moment, what type of brain waves would it record
Maintaining muscle tone and learned movement patterns
Which of the following is a function of the basal nuclei
Frontal lobes
Which cerebral lobes are the most anterior
Hippocampus
NOT part of the limbic lobe of the limbic system
Vagus nerve (X)
Which cranial nerves does NOT supply the tongue
Vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve contains sensory fibers coming from the inner ear and is responsible for hearing and balance
Basal nuclei
The masses of gray matter that lie within each cerebral hemisphere deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle are the
Medulla oblongata
Which part of the brain contains many of the reflex centers that allow the complex visceral reflexes
Amygdaloid body
David hears a strange noise at his back door late one night. It sounds as though someone is trying to break into his home. He automatically goes into a fight-or-flight response. What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response
Cranial visceral reflex
When you step outside on a bright sunny day, your pupils constrict. What kind of a reflex is this
Establishing emotional states
The limbic system is responsible for
Cerebrum
What major region of the brain is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory, and complex motor patterns
Coordination of learned motor responses
The somatic motor association is responsible for the
Hippocampus
The sea horse-like structure in the limbic system that is responsible for storage and retrieval of new long-term memories is the
Can see letters clearly but can't recognize or interpret them
An individual with a damaged visual association area
Beneath the neural cortex and around the cerebral nuclei
The white matter of the cerebrum is found
Broca's area
After suffering a stroke, the patient is unable to speak. He can understand what is said to him and write messages, but he cannot express himself verbally. Which part of his brain was affected by the stroke
Reduced movement of auditory ossicles
A loud noise produces a tympanic reflex that results in
Primary motor cortex
Which of the following directs voluntary movements by initiating impulses in somatic motor neurons
To assess damage to cranial nerves and associated processing centers
Why do we test cranial reflexes?
Cerebrum
Which division of the adult brain weights most
Telencephalon
The cerebrum develops from the embryonic
Arachnoid granulations
The CSF leaves the CNS and enters the circulation at the
Subarachnoid space
The CSF circulates within the
It encloses the fourth ventricle
It lies between the spinal cord and pons
It relays sensory and motor information
Medulla oblongata
Cochlear nucleus
The center in the medulla oblongata where the first synapse in the auditory pathway is made is the
Middle cerebellar peduncle
The pons exchanges information with the cerebellum over the
Nuclei for four cranial nerves
Respiratory control nuclei
Tracts to the cerebellum
Which of these is found in the pons
Cerebellum
Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the
Cerebellar cortex
The huge, highly branched neurons known as Purkinje cells are found in the
Superior colliculi
Which part of the mesencephalon coordinates reflex eye movements
Substantia nigra
Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease
Roof of the 4th ventricle
NOT a property of the epithalamus
Process and transmit sensory information
Secrete CSF
To regulate body temperature
Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?
Regulates body temperature
Which of these is not a property of the limbic system?
Frontal
The region of cerebrum anterior to the central sulcus is the ___________ lobe
Temporal
The region of cerebral cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the ____________ lobe
Postcentral gyrus
The primary somatosensory cortex is found on the
Cranial nerve II
Which of these cranial nerves does not carry motor impulses to the eyes
Damage to cranial nerve II
Which of these neural injuries will the corneal reflex not test for