Frontalis
Action: raises eyebrows
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: eyebrow skin, bridge of nose
Masseter
Action: closes jaw; elevates mandible
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandibular ramus
Occipitalis
Action: pulls scalp posteriorly
Origin: galea aponeurotica {thin sheet of connective tissue}
Insertion: galea aponeurotica {thin sheet of connective tissue}
Orbicularis Oculi
Action: closes, blinks and squints eyes
Origin: medial margin of orbit
Insertion: skin around eyelids
Orbicularis Oris
Action: closes mouth; kissing muscle
Origin: maxilla and mandible
Insertion: lips
Sternocleidomastoid
Action: rotates head, head flexion
Origin: clavicle and manubrium of sternum
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Sternohyoid
Action: depresses larynx and hyoid bone
Origin: clavicle and manubrium of sternum
Insertion: hyoid bone
External Intercostals
Action: elevates ribs
Origin: inferior border of each rib
Insertion: superior border of each rib
Temporalis
Action: closes jaw, elevates mandible
Origin: temporal bone
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
Zygomaticus
Action: retracts and elevates upper lip
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin on lateral sides of the mouth
Pectoralis Major
Action: flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Origin: ribs 2-6, sternum, and clavicle
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Pectoralis Minor
Action: protracts scapula
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Rhomboid Major
Action: adducts scapula
Origin: spinous processes of vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Serratus Anterior
Action: protracts scapula
Origin: ribs 1-8
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Trapezius
Action: extends neck; elevate or retract scapula
Origin: occipital bone and spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle and scapula
External Intercostals
Action: elevates ribs
Origin: inferior border of each rib
Insertion: superior border of each rib
Internal Intercostals
Action: depresses ribs
Origin: superior border of each rib
Insertion: inferior border of each rib
Deltoid
Action: abduction at shoulder
Origin: clavicle and scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Origin: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Infraspinatus
Action: lateral rotation at shoulder
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humuerus
Supraspinatus
Action: Abduction at shoulder
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Teres Major
Action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
Origin: scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Subscapularis
Action: medial rotation at shoulder
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Biceps Brachii
Action: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
Origin: coracoid process of scapula, and tubercle above the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius
Triceps Brachii
Action: extension at elbow
Origin: Three heads: scapula (1) and posterior humuerus (2)
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Brachialis
Action: flexion at elbow
Origin: anterior distal humerus
Insertion: tuberosity of ulna
Brachioradialis
Action: flexion at elbow
Origin: ridge above lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: styloid process of radius
Pronator Teres
Action: pronation
Origin: medial condyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: radius
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Action: flexion and abduction at wrist
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Palmaris Longus
Action: flexion at wrist
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: flexion and adduction at wrist
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
Extensor Digitorum
Action: extension at finger joints and wrist
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: fingers 2-5
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: extension and adduction at wrist
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Action: extension and abduction at wrist
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
diaphragm
Action: inspiration
Rectus Abdominis
Action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
Origin: superior surface of pubis around symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process of sternum
External Oblique
Action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine
Origin: ribs 5-12
Insertion: linea alba and pubis
Internal Oblique
Action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine
Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: inferior ribs, xiphoid process, linea alba
Transversus Abdominis
Action: compresses abdomen
Origin: cartilage of ribs 6-12, iliac crest
Insertion: linea alba and pubis
Gluteus Maximus
Action: extension and lateral rotation at hip
Origin: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Medius
Action: abduction and medial rotation at hip
Origin: iliac crest of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Sartorius
Action: flexion at knee, flexion and lateral rotation at hip
Origin: iliac spine of ilium
Insertion: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
Adductor Magnus/Longus/Brevis
Action: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Gracilis
Action: flexion at knee
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Iliopsoas (Iliacus)
Action: flexion at hip
Origin: iliac fossa of ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major)
Action: flexion at hip
Origin: transverse processes of vertebra (T12-L5)
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Biceps Femoris
Action: flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip
Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
Insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
Semitendonosus
Action: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Semimembranosus
Action: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Rectus Femoris
Action: extension ar knee; flexion at hip
Origin: iliac spine and acetabulum
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Vastus Lateralis
Action: extension at knee
Origin: greater trochanter of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Vastus Medialis
Action: extension at knee
Origin: linea aspera of the femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Tibialis Anterior
Action: flexion (dorsiflexion) at ankle, inversion of foot
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: base of first metatarsal
Gastrocnemius
Action: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle, inversion of foot, flexion at knee
Origin: femoral condyles
Insertion: calcaneus bone
Soleus
Action: extension (plantar flexion) at ankle
Origin: head of fibula and shaft of tibia
Insertion: calcaneus bone
Fibularis Longus
Action: eversion of foot and extension (plantar flexion) at ankle
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, head and shaft of fibula
Insertion: First metatarsal
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Action: Extension at joints of toes 2-5
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: toes 2-5