anatomy
the scientific study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its different parts
physiology
the scientific study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
pathology
the scientific study of disease (e.g. infection or cancer)
disease
abnormalities of the body structure or function that prevents the body from being stable and alive
levels of organization
chemical-cellular-tissues-organ-system-organism
anatomical position
the standard reference position of a body-a standing posture with arms at the sides and the palms, head, and feet forward
supine position
when the body is lying face upward
prone position
when the body is lying face downward
superior
Toward the head end or upper part of a organism or the body; above
inferior
Toward the feet or lower part of an organism or body; below
anterior
front or ventral of a body
posterior
back or dorsal of a body
medial
situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ. The opposite of lateral
lateral
situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, esp. in the region furthest from the median plane. The opposite of medial
proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
directed away from the midline or mesial plane of the body
sagittal plane
vertical division of the body into right and left portions
transverse plane
runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
frontal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
superficial
on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
deep
away from the body surface; more internal
ventral
toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal)
dorsal
belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part
thoracic cavity
the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen
pelvic cavity
Contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine.
abdominopelvic cavity
contains both the abdominal and pelvic cavities
cervical
of or relating to the cervix of the uterus
cutaneous
relating to or existing on or affecting the skin
gluteal
of or relating to or near the gluteus muscles
occipital
posterior surface of head
popliteal
back of knee
cranial
skull
digital
fingers, toes
inguinal
Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin
palmar
palm of the hand
tarsal
ankle
atrophy
a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
crural
of or relating the leg from the knee to the foot
facial
face
lumbar
of or relating to or near the part of the back between the ribs and the hipbones
pedal
of or relating to the feet
temporal
of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit)
antebrachial
forearm
antecubital
of or relating to the region of the arm in front of the elbow
brachial
of or relating to an arm
carpal
any of the eight small bones of the wrist
cephalic
of or relating to the head
cubital
of or relating to the elbow
femoral
of or relating to or near the femur or thigh
mammary
of or relating to the milk-giving gland of the female
plantar
relating to or occurring on the undersurface of the foot; sole of foot
umbilical
relating to or resembling the umbilicus; navel
homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
negative feedback
feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input
positive feedback
feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input
atrophy
a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
hypertrophy
abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ