ANATOMICAL POSITION

anatomy

the scientific study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its different parts

physiology

the scientific study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

pathology

the scientific study of disease (e.g. infection or cancer)

disease

abnormalities of the body structure or function that prevents the body from being stable and alive

levels of organization

chemical-cellular-tissues-organ-system-organism

anatomical position

the standard reference position of a body-a standing posture with arms at the sides and the palms, head, and feet forward

supine position

when the body is lying face upward

prone position

when the body is lying face downward

superior

Toward the head end or upper part of a organism or the body; above

inferior

Toward the feet or lower part of an organism or body; below

anterior

front or ventral of a body

posterior

back or dorsal of a body

medial

situated near the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ. The opposite of lateral

lateral

situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, esp. in the region furthest from the median plane. The opposite of medial

proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

distal

directed away from the midline or mesial plane of the body

sagittal plane

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

transverse plane

runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

frontal plane

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

superficial

on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow

deep

away from the body surface; more internal

ventral

toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal)

dorsal

belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part

thoracic cavity

the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart

abdominal cavity

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen

pelvic cavity

Contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine.

abdominopelvic cavity

contains both the abdominal and pelvic cavities

cervical

of or relating to the cervix of the uterus

cutaneous

relating to or existing on or affecting the skin

gluteal

of or relating to or near the gluteus muscles

occipital

posterior surface of head

popliteal

back of knee

cranial

skull

digital

fingers, toes

inguinal

Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

palmar

palm of the hand

tarsal

ankle

atrophy

a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse

crural

of or relating the leg from the knee to the foot

facial

face

lumbar

of or relating to or near the part of the back between the ribs and the hipbones

pedal

of or relating to the feet

temporal

of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit)

antebrachial

forearm

antecubital

of or relating to the region of the arm in front of the elbow

brachial

of or relating to an arm

carpal

any of the eight small bones of the wrist

cephalic

of or relating to the head

cubital

of or relating to the elbow

femoral

of or relating to or near the femur or thigh

mammary

of or relating to the milk-giving gland of the female

plantar

relating to or occurring on the undersurface of the foot; sole of foot

umbilical

relating to or resembling the umbilicus; navel

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

negative feedback

feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input

positive feedback

feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input

atrophy

a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse

hypertrophy

abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ