Upper Trapezius
Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchal
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process
Action: elevation
Middle Trapezius
Origin: lower cervical, upper thoracic vertebrate
Insertion: spine of scapula
Action: retraction
Lower Trapezius
Origin: lower thoracic vertebrate
Insertion: base of spine of scapula
Action: depression
Anterior Deltoid
Origin: clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: flexion
Middle Deltoid
Origin: acromion process
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: abduction
Posterior Deltoid
Origin: spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: extension
Pectoralis Major
Origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-7
Insertion: great tubercle
Action: adduction, horizontal adduction and medial rotation
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process
Action: depress and protract
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: ribs 10-12, Th7-sacrum, iliac crest*
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus
Action: extension, adduction and medial rotation
Muscles that make up the rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis (SITS)
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: abduction and stabilization
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: lateral rotation and stabilization
Teres Minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: lateral rotation and stabilization
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: medial rotation and stabilization
Teres Major
Origin: inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: extension, adduction and medial rotation
Biceps brachii long head
Origin: superior margin of glenoid
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: shoulder and elbow flexion
Biceps brachii short head
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: shoulder and elbow flexion
Triceps brachii lateral head
Origin: lateral humerus
Insertion: olecran process
Action: shoulder and elbow extension
Triceps brachii long head
Origin: inferior margin of glenoid
Insertion: olecran process
Action: shoulder and elbow extension
Triceps brachii medial head
Origin: post humerous
Insertion: olecran process
Action: shoulder and elbow extension
Coracoidbrachialis
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: mid-medial humerous
Action: shoulder flexion and adduction
Brachialis
Origin: anterior-distal humerous
Insertion: coronoid process
Action: elbow flexion
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: styloid process of radius
Action: elbow flexion
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle*
Insertion: proximal radius*
Action: supination
Pronator Teres
Origin: medial epicondyle*
Insertion: lateral mid radius*
Action: pronation
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: distal anterior ulna*
Insertion: distal anterior radius*
Action: pronation
PFPF
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris (medial to lateral)
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: 2 + 3 metacarpal*
Action: wrist flexion and radial deviation
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: hamate, pisiform*
Action: wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
Palmaris Longus
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: flexes hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: 2 metacarpal*
Action: wrist extension and radial deviation
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 3 metacarpal*
Action: wrist extension and radial deviation
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: middle and distal phalanges
Action: wrist and finger extension
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: 5 metacarpal*
Action: wrist extension and ulnar deviation
CCDC
extensor: carpi radialis longus, carpi radialis brevis, digitorum, carpi unlaris (medial - lateral)
Ilipsoas (lightbulb)
Origin: T12-L5, sacrum, iliac fossa*
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: hip flexion
Sartorius
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
Action: hip flexion, hip lateral rotation and knee flexion *passes 2 joints
Rectus femoris
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament
Action: hip flexion and knee extension
vastus lateralis
Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament
Action: knee extension
vastus intermedius
Origin: proximal, anterior femur*
Insertion: tibial tuberosity by patella ligament
Action: knee extension
vastus medialis
Origin: linea aspera*
Insertion: tibial tuberosity by patella ligament
Action: knee extension
GAP
picture from medial to lateral - gracillis, adductors, pectineus
Peanut Butter Lovers Get Milk
model for medial thigh muscles
Gracilis
Origin: pubic symphis
Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
Action: hip adduction and knee flexion
Pectineus
Origin: pubis*
Insertion: femur*
Action: hip adduction and flexion
Adductor Brevis
Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: hip adduction
Adductor Longus
Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: hip adduction
Adductor Magnus
Origin: pubis and ischium
Insertion: linea aspera
Action: hip adduction
Tensor fascia Latae (Pocket muscle)
Origin: illiac crest, anterior illium*
Insertion: illiotibial band*
Action: hip flexion, adduction and medial rotation
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: superior posteror illium, sacrum + coccyx
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity
Action: hip extension and lateral rotation
Gluteus Medius
Origin: Lateral illium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: hip abduction
Gluteus Minimus
Origin: lateral illium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: hip medial rotation
Biceps femoris long head
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: head of fibula
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
biceps femoris short head
Origin: linea aspera
Insertion: head of fibula
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
Semitendinosous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
Semimembranousous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: hip extension and knee flexion
Tibialis anterior
Origin: proximal tibia*
Insertion: 1 metatarsal
Action: ankle dorsi flexion and inversion
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Posterior tibia*
Insertion: distal phalanges*
Action: ankle dorsi flexion and digit extension
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Origin: mid fibula*
Insertion: distal big toe
Action: ankle dorsiflexion and hallux extension
Fibularis longus
Origin: proximal fibula*
Insertion: 1 metatarsal*
Action: ankle plantar flexion and eversion
fibularis brevis
Origin: fibula*
Insertion: base of 5 metatarsal
Action: ankle plantar flexion and eversion
Gastrocnemius
Origin: posteror femoral condyles
Insertion: calcaneus by calcaneal tendon
Action: knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
Soleus
Origin: posterior, proximal tibia and fibula*
Insertion: calcaneus by calcaneal tendon
Action: ankle plantar flexion
Tibialis posterior
Origin: proximal tibia and fibula*
Insertion: 2-4 metatarsals
Action: ankle plantar flexion and inversion
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin: posterior tibia *
Insertion: distal phalanges 2-5 *
Action: ankle plantar flexion, inversion and digit flex
Flexor Hallucus Longus
Origin: mid fibula
Insertion: distal phlanx of big toe
Action: ankle plantar flexion, hallux flexion and inversion
Obicularis Oris
Mouth
Obicularis Occuli
Eye
Temporalis
Lateral aspect of head
Masseter
Chewing, lateral aspect of head
Levator Scapulae
Origin: upper cervical spine
Insertion: upper part of medial border of scapula
Action: scapular elevation, ipsilateral lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
sternocleidomastoid
Origin: sternum, clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process
Action: neck flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
transverse abdominus
transverse fibers, deepest
external abdominal oblique
action: forward flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
internal abdominal oblique
action: forward flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
rectus abdominus
Origin: pubis
Insertion: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Action: forward flexion
serratus anteror
Origin: ribs 1-8
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: scapular protraction
Erector spinae
- iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis, multifidus
action: spinal extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion and spinal rotation
Quadratus Lomborum
Origin: posterior illiac crest*
Insertion: T12-14, rib 12*
Action: lumbar extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion
Rhomboideus minor (superior)
Origin: ligamentum nuchae, c7-t1*
Insertion: medial border of scapula*
Action: scapular retraction
Rhomboideus major (inferior)
Origin: t2-t5*
Insertion: medial border of scapula*
Action: scapular retraction