Limited duty programs after a cumulative trauma injury is an example of which level of prevention?
tertiary
The probability an event will occur within a specified period of time is called:
risk
A screening for diabetes revealed 20 previously diagnosed diabetics and 10 probable new cases, which were later confirmed, for a total of 30 cases.Thirty(30) cases is the:
prevalence
An epidemiologist wanting to know what caused severe diarrhea and vomiting in several people at a local banquet would be using:
Analytic epidemiology
- uses comparisons
Which activity would be the primary role of an occupational health nurse?
providing health promotion and emergency care
Screening for hearing defects is an example of:
secondary prevention
Secondary prevention in the occupational health arena may include:
Screening for hearing loss resulting from noise levels in the plants
An example of primary prevention is:
diet and exercise
Which work-related hazard may be encountered by all workers?
Workplace stress leading to hypertension and cardiovascular disease
An occupational health nurse has conducted a walk through assessment and has identified potential hazards in the workplace. The nurse recognizes that it will be easiest to modify exposure to which hazard?
noise
Change for the community as client must often occur at several levels because:
****Health problems caused by lifestyle are multidimensional.
Most individuals can change their habits alone.
Aggregates are responsible for social change.
Geographic areas often have health risks that the nurse must identify.
A nurse collects data about seat belt usage by interviewing key informants and observing behaviors in the community. What type of data is being collected?
Focus-groups
Survey
Quantitative
Correct
****Qualitative
A nurse cares for the community as the client when focusing on:
Providing care for aggregates living in the community
Correct
***The collective good of the population
The provision of care for families in the home setting
Providing health education in the community
After identifying the boundaries of a community, what is the next step the nurse should take in completing a community assessment?
Formulate nursing diagnoses.
****Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data.
Plan interventions that benefit the entire community.
Evaluate the interventions that were used.
Which characteristic is an indicator of community health process?
Socioeconomic levels
*****Participation and community action
Live birth rate
Racial distribution
A nurse schedules an appointment with a physician who has a practice in the community to learn more about the community's beliefs regarding childhood immunizations. This is known as:
Secondary analysis
Windshield survey
****Informant interview
Participant observation
Which method of data collection is being used as a nurse gathers information about the condition of homes, size of lots, neighborhood hangouts, road conditions, and modes of transportation?
Survey
Informant interviews
***Windshield survey
Participant observation
A community that demonstrates commitment would most likely support the development of a:
Community club to facilitate community involvement
Cooperative agreement with a neighboring city to share needed services
Children's recreation program
****Curb-side recycling program and community-based education about recycling
To effectively complete the evaluation phase, the nurse must have:
Demonstrated the ability to improve the health of the participants
****Developed measureable objectives and goals before implementation
Encouraged full participation by community members
Improved the health of the population through the program
What intervention would be the most appropriate for the nurse to use when trying to develop community partnerships?
Involve only the community residents.
****Include a variety of disciplines.
Rely on the power of local officials.
Use nurses as the source of information and leadership.
A public health nurse collaborates with a physician's clinic to increase the number of infants and toddlers who receive lead screening. According to the integrative model, what client system and focus of care are being addressed?
****Aggregate level health promotion
Aggregate level illness prevention
Family level illness care
Individual level health promotion
Screening school-age children for hearing deficits is an example of:
secondary prevention
Why is it imperative that the nurse keep informed and up-to-date about demographic trends pertaining to families and all types of households?
***To predict the needs of families within the community
To understand the demographics of the areas they are serving
To provide safe care to the public
To identify households where children may need special attention
When applying the integrative model for community health promotion, a nurse assesses a neighborhood for accessibility and adequacy of care to provide treatment for medical conditions. What client system does this describe?
Individual
Family
Aggregate
**Community
A client eats a nutritious, balanced diet on a daily basis to keep the current state of health. This is described as _____ behavior.
***health maintenance
Which person would be considered obese?
Obese is over 30 BMI
Which statement best describes health risk appraisals?
Identified risks can be easily modified.
Primary prevention strategies are implemented by using the collected data.
Data about health practices are collected from families.
Correct
****Individual health practices are compared with data from epidemiologic
When assessing family structure, it is most important for the nurse to recognize that:An individual may experience many different family structures over a lifetime.
***An individual may experience many different family structures over a lifetime.
There is little variation among family structures.
The traditional nuclear family is the most common family structure.
The variations in family structure are becoming less c
A leader controls members through rewards and often keeps members in the dark about the goals and rationale behind prescribed actions. What type of leadership does this describe?
Patriarchal
What is the purpose of providing education across the three levels of prevention?
Teaches people about Healthy People 2010
Identifies and treats health problems early to eliminate disability
Correct
****Enables clients to attain optimal health
Enables populations to break into individuals
When working in a disaster, which attribute would be most important for the nurse to possess?
flexibility
Following a disaster, what is the priority of the disaster response?
Reestablish sanitary barriers and focus on basic needs
What action would the nurse take when triaging victims following a disaster?
Allocation of treatment based on the victim's potential for survival.
Which task would a nurse be most likely to perform while volunteering on a disaster medical assistant team?
Assist in triaging disaster victims
If a bioterrorism attack was to occur in the United States, which program would be used to provide large quantities of medication to the American public?
SNS
Strategic National Stockpile
A nurse is working in a temporary shelter for victims following a natural disaster. Which condition is the nurse most likely to encounter?
stress
What is anticipated to happen in the future with disaster management?
Increasing sophistication in technology and surveillance
Which statement about disasters is true?
They can be natural or human made
What is the first action a nurse should take when assessing persons arriving at a shelter following a disaster?
Assess whether this type of facility is appropriate for the person.
Which organization would a nurse collaborate with when developing and coordinating an emergency response plan for a community?
Emergency management agency
EMA
What is public health nursing
it is population-focused, community-oriented nursing practice. The goal of public health nursing is the prevention of disease and disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be healthy.
Ecologocial health
Model
Emphasizes the linkages and relationships among multiple factors (or determinants) affecting health
View
A perspective that involves knowledge of the ecological model of determinants of health and an attempt to understand a specific problem/situatio
Socio-ecological approach
individual - interpersonal - organizational --community - public policy
Health care triad
access to care
quality of care
cost of care
usually only 2 fulfilled so imbalance
Govt health care functions
Direct services
Military care, public health departments, prisoners
Financing (47.6%)
Medical services, research, provider training
Information
Vital statistics, census data
Policy setting
Public protection
Environmental regulations
National public health
NIH - world's premier med research
NINR - National Institute for Nursing Research
CDC - lead fed agency protecting health
Agency for Toxic Substances/Disease Registry
DHHS examples
IHS - Indian Health Services
HRSA - access to hlth services, mat/inf programs, Ryan White programs
Substance Abuse/Mental Hlth - block grants to states
AHRQ - hc systems, quality and cost issues
FDA - safety of food, cosmetics, pharm, bio/med products
CMS
TOtal health expenditure 2013 US
2013
US: 16.4%
$8713/pp compared to OECD - $3453/pp
Per capita growth = 1.5% overall
+ 2.3% hospital care; +2.1% specialist care
-2.0% prevention
main goals of ACA
3 Main Goals:
Improving quality and Lowering health care costs
Access to health care
Consumer Protections
The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called:
Health economics
Best example of a health disparity
Persons from a certain zip code consistently have longer waits in the emergency room prior to being seen by a physician.
A population is best defined as a
Collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic
In evaluating a smoking cessation program, the gained or increased financial income, the improvements in the community attributable to the program, or costs that would result if the program was not given are examples of:
Cost-benefit analysis
Which of the following is an example of the mission of public health according to the Institute of Medicine?
Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
Which of these most adequately describes the fundamental goal of population health?
Improving the health of a population
The public health nurse must participate in the essential services of public health. These include:
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
ACA big achievements
Largest reduction in uninsured in 4 decades
Medicaid expansion - 28 states
HC cost growth - slowest rate in 50 years
Expanding primary care workforce
National Health Service Corp expansion
Health home and Care Coordination
Medicare and Medicaid
Two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups
Quality of system
IOM Report (1999): To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System
Medical Errors - 44,000 - 98,000/deaths per year
Medical Errors - $17 - $29 billion
Why? - Multifactorial:
Fragmented system ("nonsystem")
Providers not trained on prevention of medical er
Types of errors
diagnostic
treatment
preventative
other
Healthy People 2020 goals
Launched in 2010 - 10-year objective
Overarching Goals
High quality, longer lives
Health equity
Environments to promote health
QOL across all life stages
42 Leading Health Indicators (>1200 objectives)
4 Foundation Health Measures to achieve goals
General
Prevention and public health fund GA 18.2 million division
Public Health Infrastructure and Training - 50%
Workforce development and training
Community Prevention - 25%
Clinical Prevention - 18%
Research and Data Collection - 6%
Features of ACA
Coverage
Removes pre-existing exclusion for children <19
Expands coverage under parents until age 26
Ends arbitrary withdrawals of insurance
Costs
Ends lifetime limits on coverage
Reviews premium increases
Focuses premiums on health care, not admin costs
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions?
Assurance
Nurses can promote efficiency by:
Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
Local health departments were formed in urban areas in the late 1800s to
Target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions
Collecting data and monitoring the health status of the population defines which of the core public health functions?
Assessment
A member of the military receives health care services through which department?
Defense
The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called:
Health economics
A nurse would like to propose legislation requiring all schools to employ a registered nurse. The first step taken in the legislative process would be:
Developing the policy option into a bill
Which of the trends in health issues in the United States between 1900 and 1955 is accurate?
There was a rise in chronic disease such as heart disease and cancer.
In the United States, the majority of health care dollars are spent on:
Hospital care
Which of these most adequately describes the fundamental goal of population health?
Improving the health of a population
The public health nurse must participate in the essential services of public health. These include:
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
Public health nurses are involved in health care reform because reform should:
Improve health care access and reduce health care costs.
Which of the following is an example of the mission of public health according to the Institute of Medicine?
Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
It is important that nurses are involved in health policy because:
Government and policy have a large impact on nursing and health.
Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service?
A woman in labor
...
...
Which individual would most likely experience a barrier when accessing health care?
A 30-year-old male who is unemployed
Which of the following statements is true with regard to a population focus in public health nursing?
Attention is given to the population or community as a whole, regardless of whether they do or do not access the health care system.
When a local health department provides a hypertension screening to all individuals, which general category of health care functions is being used?
Direct services
A population is best defined as a:
Collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic
The federal agency of the public health system that is most involved with the health and welfare of United States citizens is the:
Department of Health and Human Services
...
...
Choose the best example of a health disparity.
Persons from a certain zip code consistently have longer waits in the emergency room prior to being seen by a physician.
The U.S. healthcare system currently emphasizes:
Proper medical care for emergencies and acute illness
A nurse surveys the school nurses in a community to determine their roles in the schools because this data is not available. The nurse is engaging in the process of data:
Generation
--> Data generation is the process of developing data that do not already exist by interacting with community members or groups. This data includes information about a community's knowledge and beliefs, values and sentiments, goals and perceive
A group of nursing students forms a student nursing association to provide support while they are enrolled in a nursing program. This is known as a community of:
a. Place
b. Function
c. Special interest
d. Problem ecology
c. special interest
A public health nurse is collecting data about the biological aspects of community health. What data will the nurse collect?
Traditional morbidity and mortality rates
WRONG:
Policy making and social change
Race/ethnicity
Homicide rates
When a nurse focuses intervention strategies on the structural dimension of community health, they are directed toward:
Health services
-Intervention strategies include service use patterns, treatment data from various health agencies, and provider/client ratios.
WRONG:
Primary prevention
secondary prevention
health promotion
When a nurse focuses intervention strategies on the structural dimension of community health, they are directed toward:
Health services
A nurse makes a visit to a home where there are a number of people. The client says that several people are in her family who are not related. The nurse should:
Accept the client's definition of family.
Which indicator would a nurse most likely use to learn more about the overall health of a population?
Life expectancy
A group of nursing students forms a student nursing association to provide support while they are enrolled in a nursing program. This is known as a community of:
Special interest
Examples of modifiable behaviors include:
Smoking, poor diet, and alcohol consumption
When a client has designated someone else to make health care decisions when he or she is unable to do so, the client is using:
A durable medical power of attorney
-Durable medical power of attorney is the legal way for a client to designate someone else to make health care decisions when he or she is unable to do so.
WRONG:
living will
Patient Self-Determination Act
An advance di
A public health nurse collaborates with a physician's clinic to increase the number of infants and toddlers who receive lead screening. According to the integrative model, what client system and focus of care are being addressed?
Aggregate level health promotion
- Each succeeding level of the client system is more complex. In this situation, the public health nurse is working with an aggregate of infants and toddlers. The focus of care being addressed is health promotion, focusing
What is the purpose of providing education across the three levels of prevention?
Enables clients to attain optimal health
WRONG:
Enables populations to break into individuals
Identifies and treats health problems early to eliminate disability
Teaches people about Healthy People 2010
Which factor has the largest impact on health disparities among all populations?
Poverty
When assessing family structure, it is most important for the nurse to recognize that:
An individual may experience many different family structures over a lifetime.
WRONG:
There is little variation among family structures.
The variations in family structure are becoming less common.
The traditional nuclear family is the most common family
The educational process of selecting appropriate educational methods is similar to which of the following steps of the nursing process?
Planning
A nurse prepares for a presentation to a group of adults using strategies appropriate for adult learning. This concept is called:
Andragogy
When using the integrative model for community health promotion, the nurse would apply the dimension of client system by:
Providing multidimensional nursing care among various levels of clients
A nurse provides counseling to an obese client about the importance of good nutrition and regular exercise with the intention of helping the client avoid future chronic diseases associated with obesity. What client system and focus of care are being appli
Individual level illness prevention
- The simplest level of the client system is the individual. The focus of care is illness prevention, directed at disease or disability prevention.
It is important for a nurse to recognize group norms because they:
Maintain the group through various supports to members
WRONG:
Allow for creativity and variety among group members Are helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the group
Influence members' perception of community
The nurse doing a walk-through to identify workplace hazards is providing which level of prevention?
Primary prevention
In which situation would a nurse experience vicarious traumatization?
When listening to survivors' stories about traumatic events
A nurse is teaching a client about how to complete a dressing change of a wound. The nurse knows that what conditions must be met before learning will occur?
a. Must master the dressing change at the time it is taught, repeat the demonstration for the nur
--> Must have the necessary ability, a sensory image of how to carry out the dressing change, and an opportunity to practice the dressing change
An example of community preparedness for a disaster is:
Developing an evacuation plan to remove individuals from danger
A riverfront community builds a retaining wall to divert flood water away from the town. This is an example of:
Mitigation
Which organizations offer volunteer opportunities in disaster work for nurses? Select all that apply.
American Red Cross
Citizens Corps
NOT
American Nurses Association
National Public Health Training Centers
Which is the best method an occupational health nurse can use when assessing workplace hazards?
???????? workplace walk-through
(primary prevention)
Why would a nurse conduct an occupational health assessment?
It helps to identify agent and host factors that place employees at risk.
A public health nurse collaborates with a physician's clinic to increase the number of infants and toddlers who receive lead screening. According to the integrative model, what client system and focus of care are being addressed?
a. Aggregate level health
a. Aggregate level health promotion
Each succeeding level of the client system is more complex. In this situation, the public health nurse is working with an aggregate of infants and toddlers. The focus of care being addressed is health promotion, focusin
A 5-feet, 6-inch, 25-year-old female who weighs 120 pounds walks 5 miles a day because she has a long family history of early death from heart attacks and is refraining from a sedentary lifestyle. Which term best describes this example?
a. Health promotio
b. illness prevention
PUblic health core functions
Assurance- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
Assessment - . Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
Policy development - Inform, educate, and empower ppl about health issues (dis is wha
5 common shortcomings in global care
Inverse care
People with most get most
Impovershing care
Fragmented and fragmenting care
Specialization
Unsafe care
Misdirected care
Resource allocation
Inverse care: those who need care the most don't get it
Impoverishing care: lack of resources
Fragment
What does USAID do
USAID is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. Our works supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting:
economic gro
ICRC
international committee of red cross
Established 1863
Impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance.
Internatinal council of nursing
Founded 1899
Based in Geneva
Federation of 120 national nurses associations
Goals:
To bring nursing together worldwide
To advance nurses and nursing worldwide
To influence health policy
Leadership for change program
Promote the development of strong nurse
Definitions
Control: Reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortality to a locally acceptable level; continued intervention
Elimination of infection (disease): Reduction of the incidence of infection (disease) caused by a specific agent to zero in a
More on eradication
No animal reservoir
Sensitive and specific tools for diagnosis and surveillance
Person to person transmission can be interrupted
Burden of disease in important to international public health
Political commitment to eradication efforts exits (Miller, 2003)
HP 2020 emergency
PREP-1: Reduce the time necessary to issue official information to the public about a public health emergency.
� PREP-2: Reduce the time necessary to activate designated personnel in response to a public health emergency.
� PREP-3: Increase the proportion
Utilitarian framework
where nursing's goal becomes to do the "greatest good for the greatest number of individuals
Public health nurse role in disaster
The public health nursing role in the disaster management cycle includes helping clients maintain a safe environment and advocating for environmental safety measures in the community; risk communication and client education; community assessment to includ
Triage in disaster
� Triage in a disaster setting involves both individual and population-based approaches, and everything possible for one individual is provided while determining how to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of those affected.
Stages in disaster
� The affected community experiences four stages of stress during disaster: heroic, honeymoon, disillusionment, and reconstruction.
recovery -immediately after disaster
honey moon - telling story abotu what happened
Systems theory
� Systems theory describes families as a unit of the whole composed of members whose interactional patterns are the focus of attention, in that what affects one member affects all members.
Bioecological theroy
Bioecological family theory helps community/public health nurses identify the stressors and potential resources that can affect family adaptation.
Integrative model
First, the model assists nurses to see the continuity of care at multiple levels. Second, it helps nurses describe their own areas of expertise within the complex health care system. Third, the model provides a basis for collaboration and partnership amon
7 a's of community assessment
1. Is the community aware of its needs and of the service?
2. Is it accessible to community members?
3. Is the service available when the community needs it?
4. Can the community members afford the service?
5. Does the community find the service acceptabl
Definition of community in book
Most definitions of community include three dimensions: (1) networks of interpersonal relationships that provide friendship and support to members, (2) residence in a common locality, and (3) shared values, interests, or concerns.
Data collection
� Five methods of collecting data useful to the nurse are analysis of existing secondary data, and primary data collection through informant interviews, participant observation, surveys, and windshield surveys
The emergency support functions of the National Response Framework (NRF) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS) provide:
Written approach, protocol, and common language for responders from federal agencies and other voluntary organizations.
After a mock disaster drill, the nurse participates in a "hot wash" of the exercise in which participants from all units speak about successes, problem solving, failures, and unanticipated challenges or obstacles faced during the mock disaster drill. This
Writing after-action reports, updating implementation plans, and implementing changes.
An extensive train derailment occurs in the suburbs of a large metropolitan area. First responders determine that although no fatalities occurred, the derailed cars contain a noxious gas that diffuses readily into the air. The event easily overwhelms the
mutual aid agreement
Disaster-related nursing is an evolving specialty. Nurses have unique skills that can be applied in which of the following aspects of disaster management (select all that apply)?
Completion of the American Red Cross disaster management course and registration as a disaster responder.Correct
Clinical management of blast lung injury.
Examples of epidemiologic triangle
Agent
Infectious agents (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Chemical agents (e.g., heavy metals, toxic chemicals, pesticides)
Physical agents (e.g., radiation, heat, cold, machinery)
Host
Genetic susceptibility
Immutable characteristics (e.g., age
Purpose of National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety
To examine potential hazards of new work technologies and practices
Occupational health and safety program services for a nurse
health medical surveillance, case management, job task analysis, health screening
An acceptable level of emissions or a maximum contaminant level allowed is an example of which environmental protection strategy?
Environmental standard
If a nurse wanted more information on indoor air quality, which website would be most helpful?
The American Lung Association
When would it be appropriate for a nurse to use a Geographic Information System (GIS)?
Determining neighborhoods that have an increased incidence of lead poisoning
Why is it important for nurses to understand the premises of environmental health?
Nurses should be able to assess risks and advocate for policies that support healthy environments.
A public health nurse working with a family living in poverty recognizes that they are more likely to be exposed to environmental hazards because they have (select all that apply):
Limited funds to pay for health care
Poor nutrition
Homes located closer to hazardous waste sites
Which example contains the components necessary to form an epidemiologic triangle?
Trichloroethylene, water, infants
The greatest single source of air pollution in the United States is from:
Motor vehicles
What action can a nurse take on an individual level to reduce pollution in the environment?
Choose a less-polluting car.
Which question would a nurse ask during the first phase of a risk assessment?
Is the chemical known to be associated with a negative health effect?
How have nurses historically learned to identify a possible relationship between environmental chemical exposures and their potential harm?
Observing signs and symptoms in clients
The purposes of surveillance are (select all that apply):
Evaluate programs
Define public health priorities
Assess public health status
Stimulate research
When one case of smallpox occurs in a population in which it was considered to be previously eliminated, it is called:
An epidemic
The most chronic bloodborne infection in the United States is:
Hepatitis C
A nurse is uncomfortable discussing such topics as sexual behavior and sexual orientation when counseling clients. By avoiding this topic with clients:
Potential risks and risky behaviors will not be identified.
Public health surveillence can be used to facilitate the following (check all that apply):
Estimate the magnitude of a disease or event
Generate hypotheses; stimulate research
Monitor changes in infectious agents
Detect changes in health practices
Surveillence is important because it generated knowledge of a disease or even outbreak patterns (including timing, geographic distribution, and susceptible populations).
True
Infectious diseases designated as notifiable at the national level in 2014 were (select all that apply):
HIV infection
lyme disease
gonorrhea
A nurse is providing education to a mother about the importance of having her infant immunized for measles, mumps, and rubella. This immunization will provide what type of immunity?
Active
The most common reportable infectious disease in the United States is:
Chlamydia
A nurse is working in a public health center. A patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, what must the nurse do?
Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department.
The school nurse plans a health education program on diet and nutrition for adults attending a general equivalency degree (GED) program held at the local high school in the evenings. This best exemplifies which role of the school nurse?
Community outreach
A school nurse is working with a parents and teachers organization to improve the health status of students in an urban lower socioeconomic community that has a high concentration of Hispanic and African American individuals. Given the demographics of the
obesity.
When planning a program for pregnant adolescents, the nurse should be aware that pregnant adolescents who decide to have a child experience an increased risk for:
reduced lifetime earning potential.
Nurses should assess environmental health hazards at each health care visit because of the direct impact of the environment on the health of children. The most appropriate interventions would include:
referrals for treatment and counseling for risk reduction.
Which of the following are factors that significantly influence the health status of children in the United States? (Select all that apply.)
Access to health care
Education
Infant mortality among minority groups
Risk-taking behavior
Poverty status
In designing a tertiary prevention intervention to address the leading cause of school absences related to chronic illness, the school nurse should focus on:
asthma.
A high school teen tells the school nurse that she wants to become pregnant. The most appropriate nursing action is to:
provide preconception counseling and emphasize the need to achieve good health.
The increased use of telehealth in the school system will be driven largely by:
increasing need to provide health care services in the schools.
Community-oriented nurses practice in a variety of settings and therefore, have the greatest opportunity to advance a major national health objective for children by:
increasing the access to care.
To work effectively with a child and family, a nurse must understand the cognitive abilities of children at each stage of development. Cognitive development leads to:
increasing problem solving behavior.
Which of the following health problems ranks as one of the top five problems for farm workers aged 5 to -19 years?
dental problems
A nurse is developing a one-stop service to meet the needs of a vulnerable group. Which of the following would the nurse most likely create?
Providing multiple services during a single clinic visit
A nurse plans to collect data about morbidity and mortality among migrant workers in a community. Which of the following barriers is the nurse most likely to encounter?
Difficulty securing a stable population
A client is self-employed as a mechanic and has no health insurance coverage. Which of the following best describes the legislation that will assist this client in obtaining health insurance?
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Which of the following is a characteristic of a vulnerable population?
Variables interact resulting in higher probability of illness.
A nurse is analyzing the media images that influence society's beliefs about poor persons. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to see? (Select all that apply.)
Poor persons are often cast as lazy, shiftless folk.
Poor people are shown receiving food at soup kitchens.
Criminals are portrayed as poor, desperate persons.
Homeless people are seen sleeping on park benches.
A nurse is providing care to populations who are from different socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. Which of the following barriers should the nurse be aware of that may prevent full engagement in a relationship?
Fears and misconceptions related to poverty
A nurse considers an audience's ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions while preparing health education materials. Which of the following factors is the nurse considering?
Health literacy
A nurse is trying to provide effective nursing care to poor persons, families, and populations in a variety of settings. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
Understand the concept of poverty on many levels
A nurse is caring for a migrant farm worker who has been working in the agricultural industry for the past 10 years. When questioned about environmental hazards, the client reports regular exposure to pesticides. Which of the following is the client at in
Cancer
A nurse is addressing the problem of air pollution in the community. The first step in the process of controlling the pollution would be:
permitting
Which is considered a non-point source of pollution?
Animal waste from wildlife
Employees working with hazardous chemicals have the "right to know" about the chemicals they are working with through the creation of the:
Hazard Communication Standard
A public health nurse is organizing a multidisciplinary team to address the issue of water pollution in the community. The most likely members that would be invited to address this issue would be:
Geologists, meteorologists, and chemists
A nurse is completing an exposure history using the mnemonic I PREPARE. What data would a nurse collect when asking questions about the first "P"?
Present work
Why is it important for nurses to understand the premises of environmental health?
Nurses should be able to assess risks and advocate for policies that support healthy environments.
Adoption of universal precautions by health care workers is an example of:
Primary prevention
A community health nurse investigates an outbreak of pinworm at a local day care center. What suggestions would the nurse give to the day care workers?
Using good hand washing is important to prevent the transmission.
The nurse counsels a client to have the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) test in order to:
Indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV.
A parent is concerned that her child should not receive a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus immunization inoculation because of a runny nose. The child is afebrile and otherwise asymptomatic. The most appropriate intervention for the nurse is to:
educate the parent regarding the safety of immunization during a minor acute illness.
The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) and standards of practice for school nurses set forth which of the following principles? (Select all that apply.)
School nurses must ensure the safety of the children, including when delegating care.
School nurses should have a bachelor's degree in nursing and a specialty certification.
School nursing uses the nursing process
A middle school student approaches the school nurse and says, "Can I talk to you about something important?" The school nurse responds affirmatively but should clarify:
If anything you tell me indicates that you or someone else is in danger, I must tell the parents and school officials.
Since 1987, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has funded the federal school health program, which today provides for:
development of a health education curriculum that includes parents and community.
Which factors are challenges of the migrant lifestyle? (Select all that apply.)
Leaving one's home every year
Traveling
Experiencing uncertainty regarding work and housing
Lack of resources
A nurse is caring for a homeless population. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse anticipate as a need of this population?
Have even fewer resources than poor people who have adequate housing
A nurse considers an audience's ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions while preparing health education materials. Which of the following factors is the nurse considering?
Health literacy
A nurse is analyzing the media images that influence society's beliefs about poor persons. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to see? (Select all that apply.)
Poor persons are often cast as lazy, shiftless folk.
Poor people are shown receiving food at soup kitchens.
Criminals are portrayed as poor, desperate persons.
Homeless people are seen sleeping on park benches.
Which statement regarding the effects of homelessness on health is accurate?
Trauma is a significant cause of death and disability.
Which factor may limit access to care for migrant farm workers?
Lack of knowledge regarding services
A nurse works with a group of abused women to enhance their levels of self-esteem. Which of the following levels of prevention is being performed?
Tertiary level of prevention
Which factor influences the growing number of poor persons in the United States?
Changes in the labor force