Primary Prevention
Comprises those preventative measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury during the pre-pathogenesis period (before the disease process begins). EX. wearing a safety belt/immunizations against specific diseases.
Secondary Prevention
Includes the preventative measures that led to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease or an injury to limit disability and prevent more serious pathogenesis. EX. breast and testicle self-examinations.
Tertiary Prevention
It is at this level that health education specialists work to retrain, reeducate, and rehabilitate the individual who has already incurred disability, impairment, or dependency. EX. educating a patient after lung cancer surgery.
Three factors that impact health behavior
Enabling, Reinforcement, and Predisposing
Rates in Epidemiology
Death rates, crude, specific, adjusted
Community health
the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to protect and improve the health of the community.
Public Health
The science and the art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention.
Health Education
any combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire information and the skills needed to make quality health decisions.
Health Promotion
any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conductive to the the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems.
Four phases of the modern health era
Miasma, Bacteriology, health resources, and health promotion
Miasma Phase (1850-1880)
disease control was based on the misconception that disease was caused by noxious air.
-Establishment of first state health dept.
-Public health teaching began.
Bacteriology phase (1880-1910)
Findings that specific organisms caused specific diseases.
- Many vaccines were created to cure illness.
-The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Health Resources Phase (1910-1960)
Shifting of importance from communicable diseases to other health hazards such as personal health services.
- County Health departments were established.
-Hospitals, health personnel, and biomedical knowledge from research grew
Health Promotion Phase (1975-present)
The government produced many reports and legislation trying to bring about the interest in disease prevention and health promotion.
- Healthy People (1979)
- Promoting health, preventing diseases: objectives for the nation (1980)