Public health
What society collectively does to ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy
Public health mission
to generate organized community effort to address the public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health
Benefits of public health
Dramatic increase in life expectancy
Behavioral changes
Safe and adequate food and water supply
Improved sanitation
Control of infectious diseases
Population-based preventative programs
Prevent approximately 70% of early deaths
Three public health core functions
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
Assessment
Refers to systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population's health status, and making information available about the health of the community.
Policy Development
Refers to the need to provide leadership in developing policies that support the Use of information gathered during assessment to develop local and state health policies and to direct resources toward those policies.
Assurance
Focuses on the availability of necessary heath services throughout the community. It includes maintaining the ability of both public health agencies and private providers to manage day-to-day operations and the capacity to respond to critical situations a
Essential public health services of assessment
1) Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
2) Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.
Essential public health services of policy development
3) Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
4) Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
5) Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
Essential public health services of assurance
6)Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
7) Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
8) Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workfo
Top 5 causes of death in the USA
1) Heart Disease
2) Cancer
3) Stroke
4) Chronic lower respiratory disease
5) unintentional injury
What are some areas that can be targeted to prevent the top 5 causes of death in the US
Tobacco use
Nutrition
Physical activity
Underage and excessive alcohol use
Population focused nursing
Focuses on the entire population
Is based on assessment of the population's health status
Considers the broad determinants of health
Emphasizes all levels of prevention
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families
Population (aggregate)
a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common
Public Health Nursing Practice
Focus on community as a whole and the effect of community health status (resources) on the health of individuals, families and groups
Community Health Nursing Practice
Focus is health of individuals, families, and groups and the effect on the health of the community as a whole
Community-based Nursing Practice
Focus on individuals and families where they live, work, and go to school; care is setting-specific and the emphasis is on acute and chronic care
Community-oriented Nursing Practice
Focus on community or population, individual or family; to preserve, protect, promote or maintain health.
Public Health Nursing - APHA definition
Uses knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to promote and protect the health of populations
Practice is a systematic process of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation
Results of practice used to promote health and prevent
Community Health Nursing - ANA definition
Synthesis of nursing practice and public health to promote and preserve the health of populations
Care is general and comprehensive, not episodic
Holistic approach to management of health care
Responsibility to population as a whole, but care directed to
Community/Public Health Nursing is...
Is the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
Has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations.
Focuses on health promotion and health maintenance.
Is associated with health and identification of po
Primary Prevention
Prevention of problems before they occur
Health promotion and health protection
Secondary Prevention
Early detection and intervention
Early diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary Prevention
Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
Standard 1: Assessment
The public health nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the health status of populations.
Standard 2: Population Diagnosis and Priorities
The public health nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the population diagnoses and priorities.
Standard 3: Outcomes Identification
The public health nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan that is based on population diagnoses and priorities.
Standard 4: Planning
The public health nurse develops a plan that reflects best practice by identifying strategies, action plans, and alternative to attain expected outcomes.
Standard 5: Implementation
The public health nurse implements the identified plan partnering with others.
Coordination of services
Health education and health promotion
Consultation
Regulatory activities
Standard 6: Evaluation
The public health nurse evaluates the health status of the population.
Standards of professional performance
7) Ethics
8) Education
9) EBP and research
10) Quality of practice
11) Communication
12) Leadership
13) Collaboration
14) Profession practice evaluation
15) Resource utilization
16) Environmental health
17) Advocacy
Advocate
The nurse collects, monitors, and analyzes data and discusses with the client which services are needed and whether the client is an individual, a family, or a group. The nurse and the client then develop the most effective plan and approach to take, and
Case manager
Nurse who works to enhance continuity and provide appropriate care for clients whose health problems are actually or potentially chronic and complex. School nurse who performs general activities concerning health problems of the children. Builds on the ba
Direct caregiver
Role of a nurse giving health care to the ill or injured
Educator
Nurse who provides information to clients or staff for the purpose of facilitating learning
Role Model
Person who is an example of professional or personal behavior for others
Counselor
Role of a nurse when mental health support is provided
Researcher
Role of a nurse to investigate phenomena related to health
Collaborator
Mutually shares and works together with others to achieve common goals in such a way that all persons or groups are recognized and growth is enhanced
Leader
Influences others to achieve the overall goal
Incident Commander
The person responsible for all aspects of an emergency response; including quickly developing incident objectives, managing all incident operations, application of resources as well as responsibility for all persons involved.