Injury
physical damage to the body resulting from mechanical, chemical, thermal, or other environemental energy
Unintentional injury
an injury that occurs without anyone intending that harm be done
Intentional Injury
an injury that is purposely inflicted, either by the victim or by another
Fatal injury
an injury that results in one or more deaths
disabling injury
an injury causing any restriction of normal activity beyond the day of the injury's occurence
injury prevention (control)
an organized effort to prevent injuries or to minimize their severity
unsafe act
any behavior that would increase the probability of an injury occuring
unsafe condition
any environmental factor or set of factors (physical or social) that would increase the probability of an injury occuring
hazard
an unsafe act or condition
model for unintentional injuries
the public health triangle (host, agent, and environment) modified to indicate energy as the causative agent of injuries
injury prevention education
the process of changing people's health-directed behavior so as to reduce unintentional injuries
regualtion
the enactment and enforcement of laws to control conduct
automatic (passive) protection
the modification of a product or environment so as to reduce unintentional injuries
litigation
the process of seeking justice through courts
family violence
the use of physical force by one family member against another,with the intent to hurt, injure, or cause death
child maltreatment
an act or failure to act as a parent, caretaker, or other person as defined under state law that results in physical abuse, neglect, medical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk of serious harm
child abuse
the intentional physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual mistreatment of a minor
child neglect
the failure of a parent or guardian to care for or otherwise provide the necessary subsistence for a child
intimate partner violence (IPV)
physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse, whether the couple is heterosexual or same-sex, and does not require initmacy
youth gang
an association of peers, bound by mutual interests and identifiable lines of authority, whose acts generally include illegal activity and control over a territory or an enterprise
In which are injuries costly to society?
injuries are costly in human suffering (physical and emotional harm) and economic loss (about $753 billion in US in 2011)
what are the leading types of unintentional injuries?
motor vehicle crashes, poisonings, falls, other (suffocation, drowning etc.)
why have the terms accident and safety lost favor with injury prevention personnel?
the word accident suggests a chance occurrence or a unpreventable mishap and the word safety is too vague
do hazards cause accidents?
no, they only increase the probability that an unintentional injury will occur
what type of injuries are most likely to occur in the home?
poisonings (bathroom and/or kitchen, falls (any room)
what is Hugh DeHaven's contribution to injury prevention and control?
built and implemented safety devices that reduce the force of impact on a body after a crash (seat belts, air bags etc)
what is John E. Gordon's contribution to injury prevention and control?
applied theories of epidemiology to analyze injures to learn about risk factors, susceptible populations and the distribution of injuries in populations
what is William Haddon, Jr's contribution to injury prevention?
considered the founding father of modern injury prevention research, developed ways to reduce unintentional highway injuries
what are the 3 tenants of the model of unintentional injuries?
energy, host, environment
how can energy cause unintentional injuries?
moving object strikes person (kinetic energy), burns (transfer of heat energy), electrocution (electrical energy)
what are the strategies for preventing unintentional injuries?
education, regulation, automatic protection and litigation
what are the cost of intentional injuries to society?
loss of life and productivity as well as economic loss to the community
what resources are available at the state and federal levels to help communities reduce the number and seriousness of injuries?
there are several state funded and federally funded programs aimed at preventing or reducing the number of seriousness of injuries such as the CDC and Department of Justice