suffocation
#1 cause of injury/death in infants
#2 cause of injury/death in infants
MVA
#3 cause of injury/death in infants
homicide
most significant cause of illness in infants and children
infection
disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth
vertical transmission
obesity rates in children are higher in:
lower socioeconomic groups and in populations such as Native American, Hispanic and African Americans
#1 cause of death in ages 1-24 years old
injuries and accidents
Lead poisoning has detrimental effects particularly on the _______. can also decrease IQ
neurological system
indicator of overall health and availability of health services
infant mortality rate
calculating infant mortality rate
# of deaths in 1st year of life divided by # of live births, multiplied by 1000)
have the lowest injury death rate
school age children
2nd leading cause of death among youths between ages 15-24
suicide
S/S of reaction to Menomune (meningococcal) vaccine
fever, behavior change, seizures or difficulty breathing
prevention of osteoporosis in adulthooodcalcium intake in children and adolescents
calcium intake in children and adolescents
leading cause of death in women
heart disease
leading cause of cancer in women and 2nd leading cause of death
lung cancer
target approach
focuses on a certain group of individuals and their health needs (e.g. Hispanic pregnant women with STDs) - this approach looks at spiritual, cultural and leadership aspects
gives a more accurate assessment of family structure, natural or home environment, and behavior in that environment than clinical visits do
home visits
what must Home Health RNs do and what can they delegate?
RN must do initial assessment of pt; ADLs can be delegated to a nursing care aide
Parish nurses
nurses who respond to health and wellness needs within the faith context of population of faith communities and partners with the church in fulfilling the mission of health ministry
parish nursing
community-based and population-focused professional nursing practice with faith communities to promote whole person health to its parishioners usually focused on primary prevention
parish nurse coordinator
a parish nurse who has completed a certificate program designed to develop the nurse as a coordinator of a parish nursing service
Hospice
palliative system of health care for terminally ill people; takes place in the home with family involvement under the direction and supervision of health professionals, especially the visiting nurse; admitted when pt is expected to die within 6 months
4 steps for Preparing for Safety in a Disaster
Find out what could happen to you
create a disaster plan
complete a checklist
practice and maintain your plan
Office of Emergency (OEM)
responsible for developing and coordinating emergency response plans within their defined area
The level of disaster is determined by the number of _______ needed, not the number of casualties
resources
Level III
FEMA level of disaster response - a minor disaster; involves a minimal level of damage but could result in the president declaring an emergency; minimal request for federal help
Level II
FEMA level of disaster response -
moderate disaster; likely to result in major disaster being declared; regional federal resources engaged, other outside help may be called on
Level I
FEMA level of disaster response -
massive disaster; severe damage or multistate scope; full engagement of federal, regional and national resources
3 ways American Red Cross classifies a disaster
type
level
scope
National Response Plan (NRP)
a concerted effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the U.S., to reduce American's vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters and to minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies that occur
direct physical observations and interviews
most common data measurement methods
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
largest health program in the world; its mission is to enhance the health and well-being of the American people
Medicaid
provides universal healthcare coverage for poor older adults, the blind, the disabled and families with dependent children
Medicare Part A
covers: hospital or home care (can't have both) and skilled nursing care
Medicare Part B
covers: (non-institutional care insurance) Medical care, diagnositc services and physiotherapy
Medicare Part D
initiated to help defray costs of prescription drugs; optional - must enroll in approved prescription drug plan; monthly premium, deductibles and copayments; must pay 100% of costs when costs reach "coverage gap
voluntary and private nonprofit agencies
nonprofit home health agencies; amount of money the agency receives depends on the community it serves
voluntary agency
supported by charities (such as United Way, Medicare, Medicaid, etc)
transtheoretical change theory
belief that people are in a stage of willingness to change (behavior changes like exercise, wearing seatbelts/helmets)
outcomes
can be measured by looking at changes from before and after the intervention to solve the problems
incidence rate
the frequency or rate of NEW cases of an outcome in a population; provides an estimate of the risk of disease in that population over the period of observation
prevalence
number of EXISTING cases in a population at a given time
get usable information about the community and its health
primary goal of data collection
community assessment
1. identify community needs 2. clarify problems 3. identify strengths and resources
windshield survey
fastest and easiest way to obtain an overview of the community; motorized equivalent of simple observation; involve collection of data that "will help define the community, the trends, stability and changes that will affect he health of the community
connect with someone in the community and build trust
to effectively reach a population group, you must:
Medicare
provides hospital and medical insurance to persons ages 65 years and older, permanently disabled persons and persons with end-stage renal failure
skilled care service
to obtain payment for Medicare services, a documentation of _______ must be done during the visit
WIC
a special supplemental food program administered by the Department of Agriculture through the state health departments; provides nutritious food that add to the diets of pregnant and nursing women, infants and children younger than 5 years; eligibility is
Quality Assurance Committee
reviews and plans policies and education about safety in the work place
outreach worker
healthcare worker who makes a special, focused effort to find people with specific health problems for the purpose of increasing their access to health services
epidemiology
attempts to link the agent to the disease or conditions
epidemiologic triangle (or epidemiological triad)
consists of the agent, host and environment; changes in one of hte elements of the triangle can influence the occurrence of disease by increasing or decreasing a person's risk for disease
web of casualty
complex interrelations of factors interacting with each other to influence the risk for or distribution outcomes
Ecomap
represents the family's interactions with other groups and organizations, accomplished by using a series of circles and lines
Genogram
pictorial display of a person's family relationships and medical history
Hepatitis C
most common chronic blood-borne infection in the U.S.; leading cause of chronic liver disease
Lillian Wald
developed the Henry Street Settlement
provided care to immigrants; established first nursing service of occupational health
purpose of Henry Street Settlement
ancathosis nigricans
skin condition characterized by dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases; most often affects the armpits, groin and neck
no specific treatment - treat underlying cause such as diabetes or obesity
treatment for Ancathosis nigricans
paying for healthcare/expenses
concern for a person who has lost their job but has COBRA
communicable
pertussis is a ______ disease
Native Americans
Population group that is at high risk for diabetes
CV disease
African Americans are at high risk for ______
Cholera
acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated
fluid and electrolytes
priority for treating those with cholera
call emergency personnel, not assess
first thing the school nurse should do when an adolescent presents with signs of heat stroke
Hep B
vaccine that can be administered during pregnancy; used to protect mother and baby against infection both before and after delivery
Hepatovax B allergy
hives, swelling of face/throat, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, dizziness, weakness
prophylactic Relenza
influenza A and B treatment; for community outbreaks - begin within 5 days of outbreak and can administer up to 28 days
TB risk, risk exposure to pesticides and other hazardous materials, risk for skin cancer, risk for dental problems
migrant worker risks
Neuman Systems Model
nursing theory based on the individual's relationship to stress, the reaction to it and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature
stakeholder
someone who is invested in the health of the community and will be invested in the community health program to be implemented
chlamydia
STD that must be reported because it is monitored by the state and CDC
directly observed treatment (DOT)
used to ensure adherence with drug treatment regimens because of emergence of multidrug-resistant TB; HCP must observe client to ensure that they ingest each dose of anti-TB medication to maximize the likelihood of completion of therapy
classroom
environment for best teaching to an adolescent
red, circular rash at site of bite (bullseye pattern), tiredness, fever, chills, joint pain, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck and swollen lymph nodes
S/S of Lyme Disease (vector-borne disease)
malaria
world's most common and deadliest vector-borne disease
wear proper, protective clothing
prevention of Lyme Disease
American Diabetes Association (ADA)
Is the local health department, NIH, city water works or American Diabetes Association a voluntary agency?