Health
a quality, an ability to adapt to change, or a resource to help cope with challenges and processes of daily living
Well-being
a subjective perception of full functional ability as a human being
Core Functions of Public Health
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
Purpose of Public Health
-Prevent epidemics and spread of disease
-Protect against environmental hazards
-Prevent injuries
-Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
-Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
-Assure the quality and accessibility of services
The 10 Essential Public Health Services
1)Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
2)Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3)Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
4)Mobilize community partnerships to identify
Levels of prevention
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place before illness or injury is present
Secondary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury
Tertiary prevention
maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories
Immunity
A host's ability to resist a particular infectious disease-causing agent
passive immunity
short-term; acquired naturally or artificially
Active immunity
long-term, sometimes lifelong; acquired naturally or artificially
Cross-immunity
immunity to one agent providing immunity to another related agent
Herd immunity
immunity level present in a population group
Motivational interviewing
client-centered communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change
Behavior change models
models that assist clients, groups, and communities to redirect activities toward health and wellness
Learning Model
A behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose
Health Belief Model
A behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of
Transtheoretical Model
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Theory of Reasoned Action
A behavior model that emphasizes that individual performance of a given behavior is primarily determined by a person's intention to perform that behavior
Social Learning
A behavior change model that considers environmental influences, personal factors, and behavior as key components of change
The Relapse Prevention ModelThe Relapse Prevention Model
Negative emotional states
Lack of or limited coping skills
Decreased motivation
Stress
High-risk experiences
Ecological Model
Belief that all processes occurring within individual people and their environment should be viewed as interdependent
Ontogenic system
personal factors
Microsystem
relationship between women and the environment
Exosystem
formal and informal social structures
Macroculture
values and beliefs of culture
Mass screening
Screening applied to entire populations
Selective Screening
screening performed for specific high risk populations
Multiphasic Screening
A variety of screening tests applied to the same population on the same occasion.
Sensitivity
Testing correctly to identify persons who have the disease/physical challenge
Specificity
testing to identify persons who do not have the disease
National Goals and directives to maintain the health of individuals, families, and communities are...
important road maps for healthcare professionals.
Three levels of prevention assist health professionals to...
advance quality of life and health through the natural history of disease and disability
Identifying modifiable risk and using health promotion models to address change in behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions can...
significantly increase the health of individuals, families, and communities.