True or False? Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development.
True
The beginning of government's major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by the
Social Security Act of 1935
True or False? The ability of the health care system to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from health emergencies defines medical preparedness.
True
True or False? Health care delivery is public health concern of the 21st century.
True
Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur defines
Public health
True or False? A time of great growth in health care facilities and providers describes the spiritual era of public health.
False
True or False? Politics and religion are examples of social and cultural factors affecting community health
True
Eating wisely, wearing a safety belt, and visiting a physician are examples of:
personal health activities
Communicable diseases remain a concern in the 21st century because they are the primary cause for:
days missed from work and school
The people of the city of Columbus," "seniors in the church," and "those on welfare," are examples of:
communities
True or False? Local health departments are responsible for restaurant inspections.
True
Nongovernmental health agencies are funded primarily by
private donations
True or False? Voluntary health agencies were created in Europe
False
The mission of professional health organizations is to
promote high standards of professional practice for their specific professions
True or False? The American Red Cross is classified as a quasi-governmental health organization.
True
An example of a quasi-governmental health organization is
the National Science Foundation
Which agency maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports on all types of diseases?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
True or False? The most widely recognized international health organization today is the United Nations.
False
True or False? The Department of Health and Human Services is the only entity under the federal government that plays a role in our nation's health.
False
The largest and most visible international health agency is the
World Health Organization
The number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time is a:
rate
A study that seeks to compare those diagnosed with a disease with those who do not have the disease for prior exposure to specific risk factors is a:
case/control study
The national health survey that is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutional, adult population that seeks to ascertain the prevalence of high-risk behaviors is the:
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
True or False? The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time is their life expectancy
True
Morbidity rates measure
sickness
True or False? The rate of an illness in a population is the natality rate.
False
True or False? Vital statistics are statistical summaries of records of major life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and infant deaths
True
True or False? The electronic reporting system used by state health departments and the CDC to report notifiable disease is Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
False
Studies that seek to describe the extent of disease in regard to person, time, and place are
descriptive studies
True or False? A disease that lasts three months or less is a chronic disease
False
True or False? AIDS and tuberculosis are examples of chronic communicable diseases.
True
True or False? The center of the multicausation disease model is behavioral choices.
False
True or False? In the chain of infection, a disease-producing agent leaves its reservoir through a portal of entry
False
Tuberculosis and influenza are examples of:
airborne diseases
True or False? In the communicable disease model, the cause of a disease or health problem is the host
False
Adequate food supply and getting regular exercise are examples of:
primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases
True or False? Mammography for breast cancer is an example of primary prevention.
False
Community efforts aimed at preventing the recurrence of an epidemic is an example of:
tertiary prevention of communicable diseases
Communities implementing case-finding measures and providing adequate health personnel, equipment, and facilities for the community are examples of:
secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases
A pathogenic agent enters a susceptible host through a
portal of entry
True or False? An activity or activities designed to create change in people is a needs assessment.
False
For community organizing/building and health promotion programming efforts to be successful, people must:
change their behavior
Relationships and structures within a community that promote cooperation for mutual benefit describes
social capital
True or False? Those who the health promotion program is intended to serve are the priority population.
True
True or False? When mapping community capacity, primary building blocks are the most accessible assets
True
A process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population is
program planning
True or False? Community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilize, and address social and public health problems.
True
True or False? The ideal school health advisory council would include representation from a wide variety of school personnel, community members, and community health agencies.
True
True or False? The written plan for school health education is referred to as the health sequence.
False
Providing direct health care to students and staff, providing screening and referral for health conditions, and promoting health are all responsibilities of the:
school nurses
True or False? School health policies include laws, mandates, regulations, standards, resolutions, and guidelines to provide a foundation for school district practices and procedures.
True
The group whose primary role is to provide coordination of the various components of the Coordinated School Health Program is the:
school health advisory council
Which individuals are most often selected as the coordinator of the school health advisory council?
school nurses and health educators
True or False? The "gag rule" regulations on discussing abortion in family planning clinics has been stable and unchanged since its enactment in 1984.
False
True or False? Approximately one-half of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.
True
True or False? A teenage mother is at greater risk for pregnancy complications than a mother older than 20.
True
True or False? Sleeping on the back rather than the stomach greatly increases the risk of SIDS among healthy full-term infants.
False
A low-birth-weight infant is one that weight less than
5.5 pounds at birth
The majority of unintentional deaths in children are the result of:
motor vehicle crashes
The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one's family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference defines:
family planning
The best single behavioral change Americans can make to reduce morbidity and mortality is to
stop smoking
A critical period in life, during which many health-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are adopted and consolidated is
adolescence and young adulthood
The diseases that cause considerable morbidity in adolescents and young adults are
sexually transmitted diseases
The number one cause of death in the adult age group is:
cancer
True or False? Adults are categorized as those ages 25-64.
True
True or False? Nearly half of all new STD cases are acquired by the 15-24-year-old population
True
Individual or environmental characteristics, conditions, or behaviors that reduce the effects of stressful life events are:
protective factors
True or False? The percentage of children younger than 18 living in a single-parents family has been decreasing ever since 1965.
False
Obesity in the United States is considered an epidemic.
True
Monitoring the Future is a current data source available regarding health behaviors of:
a broad participant age range
A person unable to leave home for normal activities is considered:
homebound
True or False? Handling personal finances and preparing meals are examples of activities of daily living (ADLs).
False
The largest percentage of elder income comes from
Social Security
A comparison between those individuals whom society considers economically unproductive and those considered economically productive is the
dependency ratio
True or False? Compared to other age groups, elders are the heaviest users of health care services
True
Elder abuse and neglect are special problems for elders because they are:
frail
True or False? Once someone is an elder, it is too late to gain benefit from changing health behaviors
False
One who helps identify the health care needs of an individual and also personally performs caregiving services is a
care provider
The leading causes of death for elders are
heart disease, cancer, stroke, and CLRD
Important vaccinations for elders include:
pneumonia and influenza
What occurs when two separate data reporting systems are used to obtain rates by race and Hispanic origin?
bias analysis
True or False? The reporting of more than one race for multiracial persons was strongly encouraged in the U.S. Census- beginning in the late 1990s.
True
The three kinds of power associated with empowerment are:
social, political, and psychological
True or False? Asian Americans have the highest median incomes compared with all other racial and ethnic groups.
True
True or False? Today, the majority of Americans are referred to as white, non-Hispanic.
True
The factor considered to be the most influential single contributor to premature morbidity and mortality by many public health researchers is:
socioeconomic status
People who flee one area or country to seek shelter or protection from danger in another are referred to as:
refugees
True or False? The median income for black Americans has consistently ranked lower than all racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
True
People of Hawaii, Guam, and Samoa are referred to as
Pacific Islanders
True or False? More than 50% of black Americans live in the southern regions of the United States.
True
True or False? Only about one-third of those diagnosed with a mental disorder receive treatment.
True
Psychophysiological disorders associated with stress include
depression, hypertension, skin disorders
Treatment of mental disorders through verbal communication is
psychotherapy
The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act was created under
President Clinton
True or False? Mental illness is the second leading cause of disability in the United States.
False
The most influential book in mental health is
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
Diseases that result from chronic exposure to excess levels of stressors, which produce a General Adaptation Syndrome response are
diseases of adaptation
The widespread use of lobotomies became unnecessary because of
antipsychotic and antidepressive drugs
Deinstitutionalization from state mental hospitals began in the
1950s
True or False? Mental disorders are health conditions that are characterized by alteration in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning.
True
Restorative care is a component of:
long-term practice
Medicare is available to those
with certain disabilities
True or False? The largest amount of all health care workers today are employed in nursing/residential facilities
False
The amount of expenses that the beneficiary must incur before the insurance company begins to pay for covered services is the:
deductible
True or False? Health care delivery in the United States is very similar to other developed countries.
False
The type of managed care that buys fixed-rate health services from providers and sells them to consumers is:
PPOs
True or False? The Joint Commission is the predominant organization responsible for accrediting health care facilities
True
The type of health care practice that incorporates interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion is:
population-based public health practice
The part of Medicare that is prescription drug coverage is:
Part D
In the third-party payment system, the patient is the
first party
True or False? A clinic is a facility in which two or more physicians practice as a group.
True
Those lacking the financial ability to pay for their own medical care are referred to as
medically indigent
The part of Medicare that is the hospital insurance portion is
Part A
A negotiated set amount that a patient pays for certain services is a:
copayment
True or False? The Hill-Burton Act provided substantial funds for medical education
False
The government insurance program that specifically targets low-income children who are ineligible for other insurance coverage is:
CHIP
In the third-party payment system, the provider is the
second party
A written agreement between a private insurance company and an individual or group of individuals to pay for certain health care costs during a certain time period in return for regular, periodic payments is a health insurance
policy
Managed care is a system of health care delivery that focuses on
efficiency, control over utilization, the price of services
True or False? Of employed registered nurses, the largest majority work in offices of physicians.
False
Tobacco smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker is referred to as:
mainstream smoke
Those at greatest risk of lead poisoning are:
young children
Leading factors contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks are:
inadequate cooking temperatures, unsanitary conditions at the point of service, drinking raw milk
True or False? The number one cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers is secondhand smoke
False
The federal law aimed at ensuring that all rivers are swimmable and fishable and that limits the discharge of pollutants in U.S. waters to zero is the
Clean Water Act
True or False? The current number one method of disposal of municipal solid waste is combustion.
False
True or False? Factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death are environmental hazards
True
True or False? Solid waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment is classified as municipal waste.
False
The practice of establishing and maintaining healthy or hygienic conditions in the environment is:
sanitation
The average U.S. resident uses an average of how much water each day?
80-100 gallons
An example of injury prevention through regulation is
setting speed limits
Any behavior that would increase the probability of an injury occurring is an:
unsafe act
The place where the most unintentional injuries occur is:
the home
The failure of a parent or guardian to care for or otherwise provide the necessary subsistence for a child is
child neglect
The single most important factor in intentional and unintentional injuries is:
alcohol
True or False? Injury prevention is an organized effort to prevent injuries or to minimize their severity.
True
The place where the most unintentional injury deaths occur is:
the home
True or False? After the first year of life, unintentional injuries become the leading cause of death and disability in children
True
The second leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States is
poisonings
In the United States, the leading type of unintentional injury death is due to
motor vehicle crashes
True or False? The federal agency charged with the responsibility of administering the provisions of the OSHAct is NIOSH.
False
Worksite programs that include screenings and interventions designed to change employees' health behaviors and reduce risks are:
worksite health promotion programs
A research body located in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention responsible for developing and recommending occupational safety and health standards is
the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Having procedures for opening and closing a workplace is an example of what kind of prevention strategy for workplace violence?
administrative controls
True or False? Workplace-based programs that assist employees who have substance abuse, domestic, psychological, or social problems that interfere with their work performance are employee assistance programs.
True
In the service-producing industries, the area with the highest incident rate of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses is:
education and health services
The type of workplace violence in which the perpetrator has a legitimate relationship with the business and becomes violent while being served is:
Customer/client (Type II)
True or False? The goods-producing industries have a higher rate of nonfatal injuries and illnesses than the service-providing industries.
True
True or False? Workplace illnesses are reported more than workplace injuries.
False
The leading cause of fatal work-related injuries is
highway incidents