One of the primary focuses of improving the health of the American people in the twenty-first century is to address:
a.
bioterrorism and global health threats.
b.
delivery of individual care and hygiene.
c.
the need for increased hospital and acute care.
a.
bioterrorism and global health threats.
A community is concerned about the threat of bioterrorism. Which of the following best describes the basis for this concern?
a.
Bioterrorism has the potential to dissolve community-based programs.
b.
This threat could cause the health care system to colla
c. The threat of bioterrorism may divert funds from other public safety health care programs.
Which of the following describes the consequence of the successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act?
a.
Americans will pay closer attention to their health status.
b.
The majority of the population will be covered by insurance.
c.
Public health d
b.
The majority of the population will be covered by insurance.
The public health nurse (PHN) must participate in the essential services of public health. Which of the following most accurately describes one of the essential services of public health?
a.
Monitoring health status by completing a community assessment
b.
c.
Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues
A public health department is using the mission of public health as described by the Institute of Medicine when planning its health programming. Which of the following activities will most likely be implemented?
a.
Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing s
a. Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States
A public health department makes sure that the essential community-oriented health services are available in the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?
a.
Policy development
b.
Assessment
c.
Assurance
d.
Scien
c. Assurance
7. The purpose of public health core functions is to:
a.
clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health.
b.
ensure the safety of populations in receiving quality health care.
c.
provide community-based individualized care to
a.
clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health.
8. Which of the following statements about public health is accurate?
a.
Prevention of early deaths can be more effectively accomplished by medical treatment than by public health approaches.
b.
Expenditures and resources for public health have increased
c.
Historically, gains in the health of populations have been related largely to changes in safety, sanitation, and personal behavior.
A PHN collects data and monitors the health status of the population. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d.
Policy development
a.
Assessment
The PHN compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city. Which of the core functions of public health is being implemented?
a.
Assurance
b.
Assessment
c.
Prevention
d.
Policy development
b.
Assessment
A PHN develops and implements local public health policies through partnerships with agencies, organizations, and consumers within the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being used?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d
d.
Policy development
A nurse provides for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would otherwise not receive health care. Which of the public health core functions is being used?
a.
Assessment
b.
Prevention
c.
Assurance
d.
Policy development
c.
Assurance
The nurse manager makes sure that the staff members who work in a local clinic are competent in their job responsibilities. Which of the public health core functions is being demonstrated?
a.
Assurance
b.
Assessment
c.
Prevention
d.
Policy development
a.
Assurance
A nurse performs activities to meet the primary goals of public health. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to complete?
a.
Ensuring that a newly diagnosed 40-year-old hypertensive man takes his medication
b.
Finding home care for a 70-year-ol
c.
Conducting an infant car seat safety check
A community health nurse collects data about the number and proportion of persons aged 25 or older with less than a high school education. Which of the following best describes this data?
a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
b.
Health status data
c.
Health
a.
Sociodemographic characteristics
The PHN analyzes data related to the number and type of United States Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards that a community failed to meet. This data is an example of using which community health profile indicator?
a.
Sociodemographic cha
c.
Health risk factor
a nurse is implementing quality performance standards in a public health department. Which of the following best describes the importance of this action?
a.
Quality performance standards are used to guide improvement in the public health system.
b.
Qualit
a.
Quality performance standards are used to guide improvement in the public health system.
To better address emerging public health issues, a PHN plans to complete continuing education in this area. Which of the following content areas should be included in the course that is chosen?
a.
Leadership
b.
Ethics
c.
Communication
d.
Finance
b.
Ethics
The public health workforce should demonstrate competency in which of the following competency categories?
a.
Financial planning and management
b.
Workforce needs assessment
c.
Acute care services
d.
Curriculum development
a.
Financial planning and management
20. Public health nursing is a specialty because:
a.
it has a distinct focus and scope of practice.
b.
it must be done by a registered nurse with a master's degree.
c.
it is focused on disadvantaged citizens.
d.
it performs interventions at the acute care
a.
it has a distinct focus and scope of practice.
21. The necessary basic preparation for public health nursing is a(n) _____ in
a.
associate's degree
b.
baccalaureate degree
c.
master's degree
d.
Doctor of Nursing Practice degree
b.
baccalaureate degree
A PHN has been prepared at the graduate level. Which of the following activities should the practitioner be able to complete?
a.
Teach public and community health nursing
b.
Assess and intervene successfully at the aggregate level
c.
Diagnose and treat di
b.
Assess and intervene successfully at the aggregate level
A PHN provides a clinic for HIV-positive citizens in the community. Which of the following best describe this activity?
a.
Primary prevention
b.
Health education
c.
Tertiary prevention
d.
Policy making
c.
Tertiary prevention
A nurse is working in the community with an aggregate/population. Who is the nurse most likely to interact with?
a.
Students in a county school system
b.
Christians around the world
c.
A patient in the intensive care unit at the local hospital
d.
People w
a.
Students in a county school system
25. A population is best defined as a:
a.
high-risk group.
b.
those interacting within a school or institutional setting.
c.
collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic.
d.
geographical location within a community.
c.
collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic.
Population-focused practice focuses on defining the problems or needs of and implementing solutions for:
a.
individuals.
b.
aggregates.
c.
communities.
d.
geographical regions.
b.
aggregates.
A nurse is using a population focus when providing public health nursing care. Which of the following statements best describes the care that is being provided?
a.
Priority is given to the highest risk population.
b.
Direct caregiving is limited to preven
c.
Attention is given to the population or community as a whole, regardless of whether they do or do not access the health care system.
a nurse is working in a community health nursing practice setting. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to implement?
a.
Administrating a flu shot to a client in a physician's office
b.
Conducting a flu shot clinic at a community center
c.
Perf
a.
Administrating a flu shot to a client in a physician's office
29. Which statement about community health nursing practice is correct?
a.
It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families.
b.
It provides care to protect the health of the community as a whole.
c.
It emphasizes the sett
a.
It focuses on the delivery of personal health services to individuals and families.
A nurse is implementing community-based nursing care. Which of the following nursing interventions is the nurse most likely to complete?
a.
Assessing the health needs of a defined community
b.
Providing care to families in a community
c.
Promoting the hea
b.
Providing care to families in a community
A nurse is conducting vision screenings on children in the school setting. Which type of nursing practice is the nurse performing?
a.
Community-oriented
b.
Public health
c.
Community health
d.
Community-based
d.Community-based
The nurse is investigating environmental health problems caused by contaminated ground water. Which of the following types of nursing practice is being
a.
Community-oriented
b.
Community-based
c.
Policy development
d.
Tertiary care
a.
Community-oriented
A public health staff nurse has a clear understanding of population-focused practice. Which of the following characteristics would the nurse most likely display?
a.
Volunteering for a local community action coalition
b.
Able to perform interventions with
c.
Able to improve the effectiveness of care provided
PHNs are looking to improve population-focused care in the community. Which of the following best describes a key opportunity for the nurses to accomplish this goal?
a.
Assuming traditional nursing roles
b.
Influencing public health policy
c.
Conducting c
b.
Influencing public health policy
A local senator has proposed changes to the health care delivery system in the United States. Based on current trends, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a.
There will be new opportunities provided for public health specialists.
b.
It will re
a.
There will be new opportunities provided for public health specialists.
Which of the following are considered barriers to public health nursing?
a.
The mindset that the only role for the nurse is at the bedside
b.
The structures within which nurses work and the process of role socialization within those structures
c.
Few nurs
a, b, c
1. In the past, population-centered nurses have been called:
a.
district nurses.
b.
almshouse nurses.
c.
soldier nurses.
d.
sisters.
a.
district nurses.
A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting. Which of the following best describes why this specialty is appealing to nurses?
a.
Interactions with wealthy contributors to secure funding
b.
Autonomy and independence of practice
c.
Ability to loca
b.
Autonomy and independence of practice
3. Current threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are faced include:
a.
diphtheria, cholera, and hepatitis.
b.
HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism.
c.
avian flu, tuberculosis (TB), and radiation.
d.
polluted water and air.
b. HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism.
4. A nurse is working to reform a program that was based on the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. Which of the following programs is the nurse most likely working on?
a.
Welfare
b.
Food Stamps
c.
Medicaid
d.
Medicare
c.
Medicaid
In early colonial North America, a colonist worked in the public health sector. Which of the following would have most likely been the focus?
a.
Establishing schools of nursing
b.
Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people
c.
Collecting
c.
Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation
. A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service. Which of the following tasks would have most likely been the responsibility of the nurse?
a.
Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants
b.
Establishing hospital-based programs to care for
d.
Providing health care for merchant seamen
7. Florence Nightingale's contributions to public health included:
a.
caring for the sick, poor, and neglected in institutions and at home.
b.
using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions.
c.
writing the Elizabethan Poor
b.
using a population-based approach that led to improved environmental conditions.
8. Lillian Wald's major contribution to public health nursing was:
a.
founding the American Nurses Association.
b.
developing the New York Training Hospital for Nurses.
c.
creating the Public Health Service.
d.
establishing the Henry Street Settlement.
d.
establishing the Henry Street Settlement.
A nurse is providing public health education based on the teachings of Lillian Wald. Which of the following topics will the nurse most likely discuss?
a.
Taking and recording blood pressures accurately
b.
Safe and sanitary baby and child care
c.
Environme
b.
Safe and sanitary baby and child care
10. Nurses who provided care to people in their homes and provided that care to several people at a time were called _____ nurses.
a.
private duty
b.
visiting
c.
public health
d.
community health
b.
visiting
Neighborhood centers that provided health care, education, and social welfare programs were called:
a.
settlement houses.
b.
nursing care centers.
c.
nurse-managed clinics.
d.
public health services (PHSs).
a.
settlement houses.
12. A nurse worked in a school setting during the early twentieth century. Which of the following would have been the focus of this nurse's practice?
a.
Investigating causes of absenteeism
b.
Teaching school as well as being a nurse
c.
Promoting nursing a
a.
Investigating causes of absenteeism
13. A nurse is comparing the historical practices of industrial and occupational health nurses. Which of the following would the nurse most likely note when comparing these two occupations?
a.
Industrial nurses invented new machines to streamline producti
d.
Industrial nurses provided care for workers in their homes, whereas occupational health nurses care for work-related injuries.
14. The document Visiting Nursing in the United States highlighted the fact that:
a.
nurses were trained by Boards of Education.
b.
trained nurses adequately covered less-densely populated areas.
c.
visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northea
c.
visiting nurse services were concentrated in the northeastern United States.
During the time when the Rural Nursing Service was operating through the American Red Cross, a nurse needed to demonstrate resourcefulness. Which of the following tasks would the nurse most likely have done?
a.
Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to subst
a.
Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles
16. Local health departments were formed in urban areas in the late 1800s to:
a.
target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions.
b.
facilitate interdisciplinary efforts and promote "practical nursing."
c.
provide immunizations and
a.target environmental hazards associated with crowded living conditions.
17. A nurse was involved in the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following best describes the influence this has had on nursing practice today?
a.
Requiring that PHNs have a baccalaureate degree in nursing
b.
Standardizing public health nursing education
18. A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association (APHA). Which of the following information about this organization should be considered when making this decision?
a.
APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profe
c.
APHA provides a forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns.
19. Which statement is true about African American nurses in public health?
a.
Certificate and graduate education were more difficult to obtain.
b.
Cities were the major areas where they practiced.
c.
They often belonged to the Frontier Nursing Service (F
a.
Certificate and graduate education were more difficult to obtain.
20. A nurse had the opportunity to work with Mary Breckinridge. Which of the following would the nurse most likely have assisted with?
a.
Establishing the Henry Street Settlement
b.
Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the
b.
Developing health programs geared toward improving the health care of the rural populations
21. A nurse is providing care to clients through the FNS. Which of the following clients would the nurse most likely have seen?
a.
An injured soldier
b.
A homebound, elderly male
c.
A woman in labor
d.
A child with measles
c.
A woman in labor
22. A major provision of the Social Security Act of 1935 was the establishment of:
22. A major provision of the Social Security Act of 1935 was the establishment of:
a.
the FNS to provide nursing service to rural communities.
b.
state and local community health services and training of personnel.
c.
district nursing to provide home heal
b.
state and local community health services and training of personnel
23. A student is enrolled in a nursing education program during World War II. Which of the following groups would the student most likely have joined?
a.
The Public Health Service of New York City
b.
The Marine Nurse Corps
c.
The FNS
d.
The Cadet Nurse Co
d.
The Cadet Nurse Corps
Which of the following best describes one of the health trends that occurred in the United States between 1900 and 1955?
a.
There was a rise in chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
b.
There was a rise in communicable disease.
c.
The crude mo
a.
There was a rise in chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
1. In the United States, the majority of health care dollars are spent on:
a.
prescription drugs.
b.
hospital care.
c.
physician services.
d.
public health services (PHSs).
b.
hospital care.
2. The number of uninsured Americans has dramatically increased because:
a.
Medicare took over payment of health care costs.
b.
with a declining population, the costs for health care rose.
c.
nursing salaries greatly increased, causing health care costs t
d.
health insurance coverage was dropped from employment-based health plans.
3. A nurse is working with a community to decrease the occurrence of influenza. Which of the following U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS; or simply HHS) goals is being applied?
a.
Strengthen Health Care
b.
Advance the Health, Safety, an
b.
Advance the Health, Safety, and Well-being of the American People
4. According to the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, as many as 98,000 deaths each year could be attributed to:
a.
cardiovascular disease.
b.
obesity.
c.
medical error.
d.
drug overdose.
c.
medical error.
5. Residents of rural communities report that they must travel for long distances to obtain health care services. As a result, they seek health care only for emergencies and severe illnesses. Which aspect of the health care system in the United States is
a.
Access to care
6. A nurse is exploring a job opportunity at a community health center. Which of the following expectations would the nurse have about the center?
a.
Would be located in a large metropolitan area
b.
Provides care only to the economically disadvantaged
c.
c.
Offers comprehensive primary care services and supportive services
7. A nursing program has initiated a recruitment campaign focusing on increasing the minority students in its program. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this program?
a.
The number of minority versus non-minority nurses should be equ
b.
Minority health care professionals who share the same culture with the clients may provide more effective care.
8. A community health nurse is utilizing telehealth. Which of the following best describes the rationale for its use?
a.
Enables clients to get nursing care in their homes
b.
Substitutes for health department delivered care
c.
Improves access to care in r
c.
Improves access to care in rural areas
9. One of the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to:
a.
provide PHC services to everyone.
b.
prevent outbreaks of disease.
c.
prevent the transmittal of communicable disease among nations of the world.
d.
provide humanitarian support in times
a.
provide PHC services to everyone.
10. A public health agency is considering implementing an electronic health record. Which of the following best describes one of the benefits the agency will experience?
a.
Facilitation of interprofessional care
b.
Improved client compliance with medical
a.
Facilitation of interprofessional care
11. A nurse interacts with a 25-year-old woman at a community health center who is obtaining a gynecological examination and birth control pills. Which of the following types of care is the client receiving?
a.
Tertiary health care
b.
Public health care
c
c.
PHC
12. A client is receiving PHC services. Which of the following expectations would the client have?
a.
The care would be provided by a physician.
b.
Private insurance would be necessary to receive care.
c.
The emphasis of care provided would be on preventi
c.
The emphasis of care provided would be on prevention.
13. A nurse who was working in public health care has gotten a new job in primary care. Which of the following differences would be seen by the nurse in this new care setting?
a.
Focus on individuals
b.
Services provided by specialists
c.
Autonomy in the
Focus on individuals
14. What initiative began as a result of a resolution adopted by the WHO in 1977?
a.
Declaration of Alma Ata
b.
Medicare
c.
Healthy People
d.
PHC movement
d.
PHC movement
15. PHC in the United States:
a.
has dramatically improved since the passage of the Declaration of Alma Ata.
b.
focuses on the use of government-funded insurance programs.
c.
lacks community participation and a multidisciplinary health care delivery team.
c.
lacks community participation and a multidisciplinary health care delivery team.
A community health nurse reviews Healthy People 2020 when considering the health needs that will be addressed in the community. Which goal would the nurse find in this document?
a.
Promote healthy behaviors for children
b.
Cure cancer
c.
Eliminate health
c.
Eliminate health disparities
17. An 80-year-old woman comes to the community health center with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?
a.
c.
"Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker.
A nursing student is researching advanced practice nursing options. Which of the following discoveries would most likely be made by the nursing student?
a.
Nurse practitioners may work independently depending on the state practice act.
b.
Certified nurse
a.
Nurse practitioners may work independently depending on the state practice act.
19. A nursing student interviews a member of the local congressional district to learn more about the health care system in the United States. Which statement made by the congressman would be accurate?
a.
"Managed care was short-lived because too many con
c.
"Managed care failed because Americans were used to free access to providers of their choice.
20. The federal agency of the public health system that is most involved with the health and welfare of United States citizens is the:
a.
Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services.
b.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
c.
U. S. Public Health
b.
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
21. A nurse works to promote the passage of a public health law to protect the health of the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely be promoting?
a.
Requiring all persons to have health insurance coverage
b.
Administering flu shots
c.
Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten
1. Which statement regarding poverty and health insurance is true?
a.
Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
b.
The poor in the United States are as healthy as persons with higher incomes.
c.
Persons with money or health ins
a.
Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance.
2. The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called:
a.
economics.
b.
health economics.
c.
public health economics.
d.
microeconomic th
b.
health economics.
3. Public health economics focuses on the:
a.
use of resources.
b.
availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.
c.
scarcity of resources in the health care industry.
d.
management and use of monies to improve the health of popula
b.
availability and usage of goods and services related to public health.
4. A nurse discusses services with a federal congressman. Which of the following services would the nurse most likely be discussing?
a.
Family planning
b.
Counseling
c.
Policy making
d.
Prevention of communicable diseases
c.
Policy making
A business offers wellness incentives to its employees and then notices a decrease in the frequency of physician visits among employees. Which of the following terms best describes what has happened?
a.
Macroeconomic theory
b.
Efficiency
c.
Supply and dem
d.
Microeconomic theory
6. A nurse is using the principles of supply and demand in daily practice. Which of the following best describes this phenomenon?
a.
The demand for nurses in public health is low, but the supply is high.
b.
Few goods or services are available, the price t
b.
Few goods or services are available, the price tends to rise.
7. A nurse is faced with a macroeconomics issue. Which of the following best describes what is happening?
a.
The evaluation of client access to services
b.
A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
c.
Informing clients and other
b.
A health policy that makes the development of a new program possible
A public health nurse applies the principles of the macroeconomics theory when working with a community. Which of the following best describes why this theory would be used?
a.
The nurse is concerned with factors that determine prices and affect resource
d.
The nurse is concerned with the policies to support programs to improve the health of the community.
9. A nurse implements a teen pregnancy prevention program in a high school that has been shown to decrease the rate of teen pregnancy. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?
a.
Effectiveness
b.
Efficiency
c.
Microeconomics
d.
Production
a.
Effectiveness
10. A nurse conducts a class at a public health clinic on breast self-examination for a group of 50 women. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?
a.
Supply and demand
b.
Macroeconomics theory
c.
Efficiency
d.
Effectiveness
c.
Efficiency
11. A nurse is promoting efficiency within the public health department. Which of the following describes the action the nurse would be taking?
a.
Evaluating how well a program of service achieves what was intended
b.
Trying new products provided by sales
c.
Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers
12. A nurse enrolls in a microeconomics course at a local college. Which of the following best describes the rationale for taking this course?
a.
Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
b.
Nurses are often involved in federal p
a.
Nurses are often the ones to allocate resources to solve a problem.
A nurse evaluates a smoking cessation program, the gained or increased financial income, the improvements in the community attributable to the program, and the costs that would result if the program was not offered. Which of the following best describes t
b.
Cost-benefit analysis
A nurse is working with members of the community to assist them with acquiring health insurance. Which of the following individuals is most likely to be uninsured?
a.
An 82-year-old woman with chronic medical problems
b.
A 2-year-old whose mother is on we
d.
A 32-year-old man who works part-time at a small business
A nurse is examining the characteristics that affect one's health. Which of the following would be of greatest concern to the nurse?
a.
Obesity
b.
Marital status
c.
Health insurance
d.
Age
a.
Obesity
16. A community health nurse is assisting clients to access health care. Which of the following individuals would most likely experience a barrier when accessing health care?
a.
A 40-year-old female who speaks English
b.
A 25-year-old female with health i
A 30-year-old male who is unemployed
17. A nurse plans to implement a primary prevention strategy in the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely complete?
a.
Development of a smoking prevention program
b.
Development of a support group for widows
c.
Development of a hyp
a.
Development of a smoking prevention program
18. The first phase of development of the health care system was characterized by:
a.
the rise in technology.
b.
epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria.
c.
physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically
b.
epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria.
19. A characterization of the fourth developmental phase of the health services delivery framework is:
a.
nurses in the United States being predominantly women.
b.
the expansion of the number and type of health care facilities.
c.
dependence on technology
dependence on technology for patient care.
20. Which was considered the first national health insurance plan in the United States?
a.
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act
b.
Marine Hospital Service
c.
Medicare
d.
Medicaid
b.
Marine Hospital Service
21. An employee is able to receive health insurance from a former employer after changing jobs. Which of the following best describes the legislation that makes this possible?
a.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
b.
Omnibus Budge
a.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
22. Which statement about the Medicare program is accurate?
a.
Part A provides coverage for hospitalization.
b.
Part A requires payment of a monthly premium for coverage.
c.
Part B provides payment for home health services and extended care facilities.
d.
a.
Part A provides coverage for hospitalization.
Medicare and Medicaid are:
a.
available to any citizen who wishes to enroll.
b.
two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups.
c.
private insurance providers.
d.
funded by the state government.
b.
two federal programs that provide insurance to special groups.
24. A Medicare recipient has elected to pay a monthly premium for Medicare that will cover expenses, such as laboratory services and equipment. Which of the following parts of Medicare is being described?
a.
Part A
b.
Part B
c.
Part C
d.
Part D
b.
Part B
25. A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney failure and is on dialysis. The nurse recognizes that this client is eligible for which of the following?
a.
Medicaid
b.
Blue Cross
c.
Medicare
d.
HMO
c.
Medicare
26. A nurse is discussing the services that are covered under Medicare Part A with a client who has recently become eligible for Medicare. Which of the following services is the nurse most likely to mention?
a.
Blood draw to assess prothrombin time (PT)/I
c.
Stay in skilled nursing facility
27. A nurse is providing care to an individual who has Medicaid. Which of the following would most likely describe this individual?
a.
An 85-year-old female who has hypertension
b.
A 25-year-old female who is pregnant
c.
A 50-year-old male who is blind
d.
c.
A 50-year-old male who is blind
28. When a health care organization's fees for delivery of services are not decided until after they are provided, it is called:
a.
retrospective reimbursement.
b.
prospective reimbursement.
c.
fee-for-service.
d.
capitation.
retrospective reimbursement.
1. What are the critical attributes in the definition of community?
a.
Families, groups, and health organizations
b.
Health needs, geographical boundaries, and target population
c.
People, place, and functions
d.
Populations and health resources
c.
People, place, and functions
2. A nurse has collected data about the services available in the community and is using the seven "A"s to evaluate these services. Which of the following questions will the nurse most likely ask?
a.
Can the community members allocate resources to support
b.
Can the community members afford the service?
3. A nurse is caring for the community as the client. Which of the following is most likely the focus of the nurse's care?
a.
Providing care for aggregates living in the community
b.
The collective good of the population
c.
The provision of care for famil
The collective good of the population
4. A collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common is the definition of a(n):
a.
community.
b.
group.
c.
family.
d.
aggregate.
d.
aggregate.
5. Which data source provides information about the function of the community?
a.
Local restaurant
b.
Elected officials
c.
County health department
d.
Civic groups
c.
County health department
6. Change for the community as a client must often occur at several levels because:
a.
health problems caused by lifestyle are multidimensional.
b.
most individuals can change their habits alone.
c.
aggregates are responsible for social change.
d.
geograp
a.
health problems caused by lifestyle are multidimensional.
7. A nurse centers his practice around the principle of doing the greatest good for the greatest number. Which of the following ethical principles is being applied?
a.
Distributive justice
b.
Utilitarianism
c.
Social justice
d.
Health disparities
b.
Utilitarianism
8. A nurse is investigating the structure of the community. Which of the following indicators would the nurse most likely collect data about?
a.
Infant mortality rate
b.
Effective communication
c.
Crime rate
d.
Emergency room utilization
d.
Emergency room utilization
9. A nurse focuses intervention strategies on the structural dimension of community health. Which of the following best describes the focus of these strategies?
a.
Health services
b.
Primary prevention
c.
Health promotion
d.
Secondary prevention
a.
Health services
10. A leader of a support group introduces a nurse to its members and discusses the professional relationship he has with the nurse for the past several years. Which of the functions is the leader performing?
a.
Gatekeeper
b.
Insider
c.
Community health w
.
Gatekeeper
11. A community has residents who provide information to the city council so that decisions can be made about the health of the community. Which of the following characteristics is being displayed?
a.
Active partnerships
b.
Passive partnerships
c.
Gatekee
b.
Passive partnerships
12. A nurse lives in a community that demonstrates commitment. Which of the following would most likely be supported within this community?
a.
Creation of a community club by the city council to facilitate community involvement
b.
Collaboration among area
c.
Collaboration with the health department to build a new recreation cente
13. A nurse is trying to develop community partnerships. Which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate for the nurse to use?
a.
Involve the community residents
b.
Use nurses as the source of information and leadership
c.
Rely on the p
d.
Include a variety of disciplines
14. The main characteristics of partnership are:
a.
awareness, flexibility, and distribution of power.
b.
rights, responsibilities, and consensus.
c.
commitment, participation, and articulation.
d.
collaboration, advocacy, and utility.
a.
awareness, flexibility, and distribution of power.
15. A nurse has identified the boundaries of the community. Which of the following steps should the nurse take next when completing a community assessment?
a.
Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data
b.
Plan interventions that benefit the
a.
Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data
16. A nurse is completing a community assessment. Which of the following actions would be most likely for the nurse to complete?
a.
Identify community needs and clarify problems
b.
Determine the weaknesses of a community
c.
Perform the core functions of p
a.
Identify community needs and clarify problems
17. A nurse interviews the school nurses in a community to determine their roles in schools because this data is not available. Which of the following processes is the nurse using?
a.
Photovoice
b.
Spatial data
c.
Primary data
d.
Secondary data
c.
Primary data
18. A nurse schedules an appointment with a physician who has a practice in the community to learn more about the community's beliefs regarding childhood immunizations. Which of the following is being demonstrated?
a.
Informant interview
b.
Participant ob
a.
Informant interview
19. A community health nurse is conducting informant interviews in a small community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely contact?
a.
The state department of health for death records
b.
A local priest for congregation information
c.
Surroun
A local priest for congregation information
20. A nurse collects data about seat belt usage by interviewing key informants and observing behaviors in the community. Which of the following types of data is being collected?
a.
Quantitative
b.
Qualitative
c.
Focus groups
d.
Participant observation
b.
Qualitative
21. A nurse reads the local community newspaper to gather data about the community. Which method of data collection is being used?
a.
Informant interview
b.
Focus group
c.
Participant observation
d.
Windshield survey
c.
Participant observation
22. A nurse gathers information about the condition of homes, size of lots, neighborhood hangouts, road conditions, and modes of transportation. Which method of data collection is being used?
a.
Participant observation
b.
Windshield survey
c.
Focus group
b.
Windshield survey
23. A nurse analyzes data from minutes at a community meeting when completing a community assessment. Which of the following methods of data collection is being used?
a.
Secondary data
b.
Informant interviews
c.
Primary data
d.
Windshield survey
a.
Secondary data
24. A nurse is using health status indicators to complete a community assessment. Which of the following best explains what the nurse is doing?
a.
Interviewing key informants in the community
b.
Examining morbidity and mortality rates in the community
c.
b.
Examining morbidity and mortality rates in the community
25. What is the purpose of writing a community nursing diagnosis?
a.
To assist with developing the evaluation measures for program planning
b.
To clearly describe the strengths and weaknesses of the community
c.
To lead to the outcomes and strategies to a
c.
To lead to the outcomes and strategies to address and improve the identified health problem
26. A nurse is writing a nursing diagnosis at the community level using the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) system as a guide. Which of the following diagnoses would most likely be developed?
a.
Risk of hypertension related to poor di
b.
Risk of obesity among school-age children related to lack of opportunities to engage in physical activity
27. A nurse plans on implementing a community-wide influenza immunization program. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider when implementing this program?
a.
The number of community members who have already received the immunization
b.
Th
d.
The community's readiness to participate in the program
28. A nurse is engaging in the evaluation phase of community health program planning. Which of the following would be part of effective completion of this phase?
a.
Demonstrate the ability to improve the health of the participants
b.
Develop measureable o
b.
Develop measureable objectives and goals before implementation
29. A nurse is trying to increase participation in a free colorectal screening program for middle-aged adults who lack health insurance. Which of the following implementation mechanism would be most effective?
a.
Small interacting groups
b.
Health policy
d.
Mass media
1. A nurse is defining the community as part of the community assessment process. Which of the following best describes how the community may be defined? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Social group determined by geographic boundaries
b.
Group of people who s
a,b,c
2. A nurse is assessing the safety in the community using primary data. Which of the following data would be useful for the nurse to collect? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Number of billboards in the area
b.
Interviews with health care providers who are fam
b,c,d
1. What is the purpose of providing education across the three levels of prevention? Education:
a.
enables clients to attain optimal health.
b.
identifies and treats health problems early to eliminate disability.
c.
enables populations to break into indiv
a.
enables clients to attain optimal health.
2. Which statement about education is true?
a.
It emphasizes the provider of knowledge and skills.
b.
It emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills.
c.
It is a process of gaining knowledge and expertise.
d.
It results in behavioral change.
a.
It emphasizes the provider of knowledge and skills.
3. A nurse uses Healthy People 2020 as a guide when planning health education in the community. Which of the following actions would be taken by the nurse?
a.
Focus on avoiding cigarette smoking and using alcohol in moderation
b.
Educate clients using pri
b.
Educate clients using primary and secondary levels of prevention
4. The cognitive domain includes:
a.
changes in attitudes and the development of values.
b.
the performance of skills.
c.
memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, and problem solving.
d.
memorization of one set of skills before moving on to the next
c.
memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, and problem solving.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about how to complete a wound dressing change. Which of the following conditions must be met before learning will occur?
a.
Must be able to memorize the instructions, relay this information to a partner, and demonstrate the
d.
Must have the necessary ability, a sensory image of how to carry out the dressing change, and an opportunity to practice the dressing change
6. A health educator is trying to change a client's attitudes about smoking. Which of the following domains would be used?
a.
Cognitive
b.
Affective
c.
Psychomotor
d.
Developmental
b.
Affective
7. The nurse is teaching a new diabetic client how to give himself an insulin injection. Which of the following domains would be used?
a.
Developmental
b.
Cognitive
c.
Affective
d.
Psychomotor
d.
Psychomotor
8. A nurse is teaching a postpartum mother how to breastfeed her infant. The nurse notes that the mother is alert and agrees that breastfeeding is important to her and beneficial to her baby. The nurse outlines the expectations of breastfeeding for the mo
Ask the mother about her previous experience with breastfeeding
9. A nurse has evaluated the learning needs of a community support group. Which of following steps should the nurse take when developing an educational program for them?
a.
Consider any potential barriers to learning
b.
Establish goals and objectives for
b.
Establish goals and objectives for the program
10. A nurse is developing a goal for a client who is learning how to care for an ostomy. Which of the following would be most appropriate to develop?
a.
The client will look at his stoma without disgust each time his ostomy bag comes off.
b.
The client wi
b.
The client will be able to independently take care of his ostomy bag within three months.
11. A community health nurse is writing an objective. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to write?
a.
Each member of the family will give an insulin injection to the client with accurate dosage 100% of the time for 10 consecuti
a.
Each member of the family will give an insulin injection to the client with accurate dosage 100% of the time for 10 consecutive trials.
12. A nurse is using the educational process of selecting appropriate educational methods when planning a community health program. Which of the following steps of the nursing process does this action most resemble?
a.
Assessment
b.
Evaluation
c.
Implemen
d.
Planning
13. A nurse is teaching a group of clients newly diagnosed with diabetes how to give themselves injections. Which of the following formats would be most appropriate for the nurse to use?
a.
Demonstration
b.
Health fair
c.
Lecture
d.
Non-native language se
a.
Demonstration
14. A nurse is implementing an educational program about the importance of being physically active. Which of the following steps would the nurse complete first?
a.
Provide learning guidance
b.
Present the stimulus
c.
Gain the learner's attention
d.
Ask le
c.
Gain the learner's attention
15. A nurse is implementing a community health education program at a local church. Which of the following educational principles should the nurse implement when providing this education?
a.
Refer to trustworthy sources
b.
Use an active voice
c.
Create th
c.
Create the best learning environment
16. A nurse is working with a group of clients diagnosed with diabetes and is teaching a class about avoiding the long-term effects of diabetes. The nurse begins the class by reviewing the basic physiology of diabetes, which was taught the week before. Wh
a.
Stimulating recall of prior learning
17. During a class on newborn care given at a local health department, a nursing student asks the participants to practice with baby dolls. Which of the following steps of promoting effective education is the student using?
a.
Eliciting performance
b.
Ass
a.
Eliciting performance
18. A nurse prepares for a presentation to a group of adults using strategies appropriate for adult learning. Which of the following concepts is being applied?
a.
Authoritarianism
b.
Learning style
c.
Pedagogy
d.
Andragogy
d.
Andragogy
19. A nurse is working for a public health department as the community health educator. Which of the following is a potential barrier that a nurse may experience?
a.
Working with clients with a low literacy level
b.
Memorizing the information that is to b
d.
Lacking knowledge about how to gain participation
20. A nurse is working with an individual who has a low literacy level. Which of the following barriers to learning should the nurse anticipate?
a.
Asking for additional clarification of materials
b.
Requesting to read the information later
c.
Having a hi
b.
Requesting to read the information later
21. A client diagnosed with diabetes reports to the nurse that she has been learning more about controlling her blood sugars by reading information found on the Internet. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be appropriate?
a.
"Looking at
a.
"Looking at the date the content was posted on the website is important.
22. When a nurse is evaluating the components of an educational program. Which of the following best describes the action that is being taken by the nurse?
a.
Short-term evaluation
b.
Educational product
c.
Process evaluation
d.
Long-term evaluation
c.
Process evaluation
23. A nurse tells a coworker that she has been working on a regular basis with a group that demonstrates cohesion. Which of the following groups is the nurse most likely to describe?
a.
A group with several leaders
b.
A group with diverse attitudes and va
c.
A group with a common goal
24. A nurse recognizes the importance of group norms when planning community health education. Which of the following provides the best explanation for why this is important?
a.
Allow for creativity and variety among group members
b.
Influence members' pe
d.
Maintain the group through various supports to members
5. A group member has taken on the role of the "gatekeeper." Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by this member?
a.
Seek and accept the authority or direction of others
b.
Guide and direct the group activity
c.
Control outsiders' acc
c.
Control outsiders' access to the group
26. A nurse uses the leadership behavior of reflecting when providing education to community members about how to lead healthy lifestyles. Which of the following actions is most likely being taken by the nurse?
a.
Providing feedback on how behavior appear
a.
Providing feedback on how behavior appears to others
27. A leader controls members through rewards and often keeps members in the dark about the goals and rationale behind prescribed actions. What type of leadership does this describe?
a.
Democratic
b.
Patriarchal
c.
Socialist
d.
Paternal
b.
Patriarchal
28. An established group requests a teaching and learning session on hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse expect with this type of group?
a.
The group membership will change from week to week.
b.
The members all have the same interests.
c
d.
The group already has operating methods that have been successful.
29. A nurse is working with a group focused on improving the health of the community. Which of the following interventions should be used by the nurse?
a.
Make decisions for the group to move the process along
b.
Invite business leaders to participate in
c.
Maintain members through recognition and encouragement
30. Which Core Competency of communication is used by nurses engaged in group work?
a.
Soliciting input from individuals and organizations
b.
Using simple language when presenting information
c.
Asking the group to develop the program of interest
d.
Prese
a.
Soliciting input from individuals and organizations
31. A nurse is planning to evaluate an individual's progress toward a health goal. Which of the following components should be included in the evaluative process?
a.
Type of teaching strategy used
b.
Recognition of accomplishments in the group
c.
Conflict
b.
Recognition of accomplishments in the group
1. A nurse is using basic educational principles when conducting an effective educational program. Which of the following principles would the nurse most likely be using? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Use a clear, succinct style
b.
Use an active voice
c.
Re
a,b,d
1. What is implied by the web of causation model?
a.
Variables interact resulting in higher probability of illness.
b.
One disease causes another, especially in vulnerable populations.
c.
The greater the poverty, the more likely people are to have disease
a.
Variables interact resulting in higher probability of illness.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a vulnerable population?
a.
Have worse health outcomes and an increased sensitivity to risk factors than the general population
b.
Have a single risk factor but experience worse health outcomes than the gen
a.
Have worse health outcomes and an increased sensitivity to risk factors than the general population
3. Resilience refers to the:
a.
resistance of certain groups to risk factors.
b.
increased susceptibility to cumulative risk factors among vulnerable groups.
c.
variability in the effects of stressors according to socioeconomic status.
d.
increased sensit
a.
resistance of certain groups to risk factors.
4. A nurse is working with a vulnerable population. Which of the following is the nurse most likely working with?
a.
Families earning more than $50,000/year
b.
Families earning less than $15,000/year
c.
Residents of urban areas
d.
African American physici
b.
Families earning less than $15,000/yea
5. A nurse is working with a vulnerable group experiencing multiple risk factors. Which of the following best describes this group?
a.
Smokers who use chewing tobacco as well as cigarettes
b.
Substance abusers who test positive for HIV
c.
Persons with lim
b.
Substance abusers who test positive for HIV
6. A nurse is working with a 17-year-old pregnant cocaine addict who is homeless. Which of the following best describes this client?
a.
At risk
b.
A special population
c.
A Healthy People 2020 target group
d.
A vulnerable individual
d.
A vulnerable individual
7. The wide variations in health services and health status between certain population groups are called:
a.
vulnerable population groups.
b.
health disparities.
c.
disadvantaged populations.
d.
risk markers.
b.
health disparities.
8. What is the primary cause of vulnerability?
a.
Race
b.
Age
c.
Poverty
d.
Illness
c.
Poverty
9. Which of the following is most likely to live in poverty?
a.
Those who work in high-risk jobs
b.
Those who have adequate nutrition
c.
Those who effectively manage stress
d.
Those who live in single family homes
a.
Those who work in high-risk jobs
10. A nurse operates a school-based clinic in a local school where multiple providers and disciplines offer care to children, making it easier for children to access health care. Which of the following best describes this approach?
a.
Advocacy
b.
Wrap-aro
d.
Comprehensive services
11. A nurse is caring for a population that has experienced a health disparity. Which of the following best describes a health disparity?
a.
Low childhood immunization rates
b.
High dropout rates
c.
Unemployment
d.
Income below poverty level
a.
Low childhood immunization rates
12. A nurse is developing a one-stop service to meet the needs of a vulnerable group. Which of the following would the nurse most likely create?
a.
Wrap-around services where mental services are linked
b.
Giving all immunizations on a single clinic visit
c.
Providing multiple services during a single clinic visit
13. A nurse is working with multiple vulnerable groups. Which of the following would be most sensitive to adverse effects?
a.
Pregnant teenager living with her parents for financial support
b.
Poor, older woman with no means of transportation
c.
2-year-ol
b.
Poor, older woman with no means of transportation
14. Which federal program created support for older and poor Americans?
a.
Social Security Act
b.
Medicare Amendment
c.
Medicaid Amendment
d.
Hill-Burton Act
a.
Social Security Act
15. A client is self-employed as a mechanic and has no health insurance coverage. Which of the following best describes the legislation that will assist this client in obtaining health insurance?
a.
Balanced Budget Act
b.
Health Insurance Portability and
c.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
16. A nurse is working with a family who is unable to find adequate health care coverage for the children in the family. Which of the following pieces of legislation will assist in provision of health care coverage for these children?
a.
Social Security A
a.
Social Security Act
17. A nurse considers an audience's ability to read, comprehend, and act on medical instructions while preparing health education materials. Which of the following factors is the nurse considering?
a.
Health literacy
b.
Resilience
c.
Social justice
d.
Hea
a.
Health literacy
18. A nurse is examining social determinants of health. Which of the following is the nurse looking at?
a.
Ethnicity
b.
Income
c.
Gender
d.
Marital status
b.
Income
19. A nurse is caring for a homeless population. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse anticipate as a need of this population?
a.
Need more nursing care than other vulnerable groups
b.
Have no desire to seek medical care
c.
Have even fe
c.
Have even fewer resources than poor people who have adequate housing
20. A nurse is working to remove barriers to receiving health care. Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely to support?
a.
Discrimination against certain groups
b.
Treatment of pets at the same facility
c.
Provision of free food at a food
d.
Providing services for a rural population by using a mobile clinic
21. A set of actions one undertakes on behalf of another is:
a.
social justice.
b.
advocacy.
c.
resilience.
d.
risk.
b.
advocacy.
22. A nurse works with a group of abused women to enhance their levels of self-esteem. Which of the following levels of prevention is being performed?
a.
Primary level of prevention
b.
Secondary level of prevention
c.
Tertiary level of prevention
d.
Healt
c.
Tertiary level of prevention
23. A nurse is promoting social justice. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take?
a.
Contacting lawmakers about environmental health issues
b.
Assisting at homeless shelters
c.
Advocating for policies to improve social conditions
d
c.
Advocating for policies to improve social conditions
24. A nurse is planning and implementing care for vulnerable populations. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
a.
Setting up multiple clinics in a wide geographic area
b.
Advising legal consultants on a variet
d.
Teaching vulnerable individuals strategies to prevent illness and promote health
1. Which trends are occurring when providing care for vulnerable populations? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Community-based care and interorganizational partnerships
b.
Outreach and case finding
c.
Elimination of disparities
d.
Culturally and linguistically
a,b,d
2. A nurse "sets the stage" when assessing members of vulnerable population groups. Which of the following interventions would be completed? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Creating a comfortable, non-threatening environment
b.
Providing culturally and lingui
a,b,c
1. Which statement about poverty is true?
a.
All cultures view poverty as a pitiful existence.
b.
Most cultures want to improve the plight of the poor.
c.
Dangerous environments are present in all cultures.
d.
Western cultures view poverty negatively.
d.
Western cultures view poverty negatively.
2. A nurse is working in the community during the industrial revolution. Which of the following population groups would have been least likely to receive community assistance?
a.
Widowed women
b.
Orphaned children
c.
Mentally ill
d.
Injured laborers
c.
Mentally ill
3. Which statement about poor people living in the seventeenth century is accurate?
a.
They were likely alcoholics or prostitutes.
b.
They were ashamed to be living in poverty.
c.
They traveled from community to community for food and shelter.
d.
They wou
d.
They would be given assistance by their community.
4. A nurse is trying to provide effective nursing care to poor persons, families, and populations in a variety of settings. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
a.
Move to the area where people are living to understand their plight
b.
Understand the concept of poverty on many levels
5. A nurse is providing care to populations who are from different socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. Which of the following barriers should the nurse be aware of that may prevent full engagement in a relationship?
a.
Fears and misconceptions related
a.
Fears and misconceptions related to poverty
6. A nurse is trying to break down the barriers between the health care professionals and people who live in poverty. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
a.
Maintain a strict professional demeanor
b.
Call the client by name
c.
Kee
b.
Call the client by name
7. A nurse is forced to evaluate his beliefs, values, and knowledge about poverty. Which of the following experiences most likely explains the situation the nurse is experiencing?
a.
A client asking for a small amount of money at a clinic
b.
Setting up a
c.
Making a home visit to a home that is unkempt
8. Which factor influences the growing number of poor persons in the United States?
a.
Increase in company earnings
b.
Changes in the labor force
c.
Better access to quality education
d.
Adequate welfare benefits
b.
Changes in the labor force
9. A nurse is working with a family who has an income above the federal income guidelines, but is unable to meet their living expenses. Which of the following terms best describes this family?
a.
Persistent poverty
b.
Near poor
c.
Impoverished
d.
Neighbor
b.
Near poor
10. The public health nurse (PHN) is taking care of a poor family, whose parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents also have been poor. Which of the following terms best describes this family?
a.
Near poor
b.
Persistent poor
c.
Impoverished
d.
Neighbo
b.
Persistent poor
11. A nurse is referring to the federal income guidelines. Which of the following best describes why the nurse is completing this action?
a.
To determine financial eligibility for government assistance programs
b.
To calculate statistical occurrences in t
a.
To determine financial eligibility for government assistance programs
12. A nurse is discussing eligibility for federal food assistance with a family. Which federal guideline would a nurse refer to when considering financial eligibility?
a.
Poverty Threshold Guideline
b.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
c.
Federal Income Poverty
c.
Federal Income Poverty Guideline
13. Which group has the highest rate of poverty?
a.
Children
b.
Teenagers
c.
Women
d.
Older adults
a.
Children
14. Which is a characteristic of persons living in poverty?
a.
Longer life expectancy
b.
Simple health problems
c.
Higher rates of chronic illness
d.
Fewer hospitalizations
c.
Higher rates of chronic illness
15. A nurse refers a client to an assistance program that requires the individual to find a job and/or enroll in job training program. Which program is being used?
a.
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
b.
Medicaid
c.
TANF
d.
Women, Infants, an
c.
TANF
16. A nurse is conducting a community assessment in a poor neighborhood. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to find?
a.
Fewer minority groups
b.
Increased exposure to environmental hazards
c.
More available health care services
d.
Lower rates
b.
Increased exposure to environmental hazards
17. A community health nurse is caring for an individual who is experiencing crisis poverty. Which of the following characteristics would this individual most likely display?
a.
Episodic homelessness
b.
Physical disability
c.
Mental disability
d.
Drug abu
a.
Episodic homelessness
18. The community health nurse is caring for a client who is living in persistent poverty. Which of the following best describes this client?
a.
Severe mental illness
b.
Transient homelessness
c.
Victim of domestic violence
d.
Temporary housing
a.
Severe mental illness
19. Which statement about homelessness is true?
a.
Homeless persons are not found in rural areas.
b.
Gentrification can lead to homelessness.
c.
Deinstitutionalization led to a small number of homeless.
d.
Community-based clinics provide much needed healt
b.
Gentrification can lead to homelessness.
20. A person is already homeless and is receiving shelter. Which type of housing is being used?
a.
Low income
b.
Supportive
c.
Emergency
d.
Adequate
c.
Emergency
21. The original goal of deinstitutionalization was to:
a.
reduce state costs of caring for the chronically mentally ill.
b.
replace state psychiatric hospitals with community-based treatment programs.
c.
modernize psychiatric hospitals.
d.
allow mentally
b.
replace state psychiatric hospitals with community-based treatment programs.
22. Which statement regarding the effects of homelessness on health is accurate?
a.
Peripheral vascular disease and hypertension are lessened by this lifestyle.
b.
The incidence and virulence of infections are decreasing.
c.
Trauma is a significant cause
c.
Trauma is a significant cause of death and disability.
23. A nurse is providing primary prevention when working with the homeless. Which of the following best describes what is being implemented?
a.
Providing emergency housing aid
b.
Creating drug and alcohol treatment options
c.
Offering effective job traini
c.
Offering effective job training programs
24. A nurse is providing secondary prevention when working with the homeless. Which of the following best describes what is being implemented?
a.
Employer incentives
b.
Safe sex education
c.
Comprehensive case management
d.
Soup kitchens
d.
Soup kitchens
25. A nurse is planning to assist homeless clients at a local shelter with finding community resources to meet their health care needs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before interacting with this population?
a.
Change personal views
b.
Understand the concepts of homelessness
26. A nurse is implementing an intervention at both the primary and tertiary levels of prevention. Which of the following best describes the nursing intervention?
a.
Providing emergency shelter housing
b.
Offering physical and mental health services
c.
De
d.
Establishing a needle exchange program
1. A nurse is analyzing the media images that influence society's beliefs about poor persons. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to see? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Poor persons are often cast as lazy, shiftless folk.
b.
Poor people are shown
a,b,c,d
2. Why is it difficult to know the exact number of homeless persons? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Homeless people refuse to provide demographic information.
b.
Many homeless people refuse to be interviewed.
c.
It is difficult to generalize from one locatio
b,c,d
1. Which statement regarding Florence Nightingale's ideas about ethics is correct?
a.
Nursing is a call to service, and the moral character of persons entering nursing is important.
b.
Ethical principles are based on the values of the individual nurse.
c.
a.
Nursing is a call to service, and the moral character of persons entering nursing is important.
2. A nurse is applying the knowledge and processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care. Which of the following describes the actions of the nurse?
a.
Values
b.
Morality
c.
Ethics
d.
Bioethics
d.
Bioethics
3. A nurse who was working in the 1960s used the code of ethics to guide making an ethical decision. Which code of ethics would have been used?
a.
Nightingale Pledge
b.
Code for Professional Nurses
c.
Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements
Code for Professional Nurses
4. An orderly process that considers ethical principles, client values, and professional obligations is:
a.
moral distress.
b.
ethical decision making.
c.
a value.
d.
a code of ethics.
b.
ethical decision making.
5. A public health nurse is examining several issues within daily practice. Which of the following issues would be considered an ethical dilemma?
a.
Whether or not to establish a community health center in a rural area
b.
Allocating resources in a natural
b.
Allocating resources in a natural disaster
6. The growing multiculturalism of American society can contribute to ethnicity conflicts when:
a.
providing care to different cultural groups.
b.
individual values align with the cultural norms.
c.
ethnic groups overburden the health care system.
d.
the
d.
the greater community's values are jeopardized by specific ethnic values.
7. There are two medically indigent clients in the clinic who have come to get their monthly supply of free insulin. There is only enough for one client. Which of the following actions would the nurse take first?
a.
Identify all options
b.
Make a decision
c.
Gather additional information
8. A nurse has used the steps of the ethical decision-making process when making a decision. Which of the following is most similar to this process?
a.
Healthy People 2010
b.
Deontology
c.
The nursing process
d.
Advocacy
c.
The nursing process
9. Which ethical principle requires "doing no harm?"
a.
Respect for autonomy
b.
Non-maleficence
c.
Beneficence
d.
Distributive justice
b.
Non-maleficence
10. A nurse is applying the ethical principle of non-maleficence. Which of the following describes the action that the nurse is taking?
a.
Administering medications using the "five rights"
b.
Allowing clients to be active participants in their care
c.
Pro
a.
Administering medications using the "five rights
11. A nurse is applying the principle of distributive justice. Which of the following describes the benefits that will occur through application of this principle?
a.
Basic needs, material and social goods, liberties, rights, and entitlements
b.
Taxes, mi
a.
Basic needs, material and social goods, liberties, rights, and entitlements
12. A nurse believes everyone is entitled to equal rights and equal treatment in society. Which of the following principles is being applied?
a.
Distributive or social justice
b.
Egalitarianism
c.
Libertarian view of justice
d.
Communitarianism
b.
Egalitarianism
13. Which statement fits the Liberal Democratic Theory of John Rawls?
a.
One should reject any idea that societies, states, or collectives of any form can be the bearers of rights or can owe duties.
b.
Inequalities result from birth, natural endowment, an
b.
Inequalities result from birth, natural endowment, and historic circumstances.
14. According to Leininger and Watson, the moral ideal of nursing is:
a.
caring.
b.
advocacy.
c.
responsibility.
d.
accountability.
a.
caring.
15. A nurse is using the principles of virtue ethics in decision making. Which of the following describes the action that the nurse would take?
a.
Provide efficient and effective nursing care
b.
Identify the meaningful facts in the situation
c.
Seek ethic
c.
Seek ethical community support to enhance character development
16. Which statement about feminist ethics is correct?
a.
Feminists include only women in their worldview.
b.
Persons who ascribe to feminist ethics are passive and wish to pursue their ideals through the legislative process.
c.
Feminists believe that men
d.
Women's thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account.
17. A nurse is providing care using the idea of "servicing citizens, not customers." Which of the following ideas is being applied by the nurse?
a.
Ethical tenets of policy development
b.
Basic concepts of the feminist theory
c.
Underlying premise of virt
a.
Ethical tenets of policy development
18. Public health administrators in a community provide a health department to serve an indigent population of immigrants providing translators on certain days of the week. Which of the following best describes what is being done?
a.
Policy development
b.
c.
Assurance
19. A nurse believes that all Americans should receive basic health care services. Which of the following core functions supports this belief?
a.
Assessment
b.
Assurance
c.
Policy development
d.
Advocacy
b.
Assurance
20. Which statement is discussed in the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements?
a.
The profession of nursing is responsible for making political statements and supporting nurse-friendly candidates for office.
b.
The nurse's primary focus i
d.
The profession of nursing is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession, and for shaping social policy.
21. A nurse refers to the Code of Ethics for Nurses or the Public Health Code of Ethics. Which of the following describes why the nurse has referred to this document?
a.
To provide answers for ethical dilemmas
b.
To guide professional practice related to
b.
To guide professional practice related to ethics
22. A nurse is demonstrating advocacy in his nursing practice. Which of the following actions best demonstrates this principle?
a.
Offering a smoking cessation program
b.
Screening for hypertension
c.
Lobbying for health care reform
d.
Conducting home vis
c.
Lobbying for health care reform
23. The community leaders in a lesser-developed country decide not to tell the citizens of a small village about a chemical spill at a major industrial facility that could produce harmful effects. Which of the following principles is being violated?
a.
Mo
b.
Advocacy
1. Which of the following are ethical tenets that underlie the core function of assessment? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Competency: the persons assigned to develop community knowledge are prepared to collect data on groups and populations
b.
Moral charact
a,b,d
2. A community health nurse is applying the Ethical Principles for Effective Advocacy. Which of the following best describes the action(s) of the nurse? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Act in the health care provider's best interest
b.
Keep the client (group,
a,b,c,d
1. A nurse who is using population management needs to be able to work with integrated care delivery systems. Which of the following describes the rationale for this competency?
a.
Management has shifted from inpatient care to primary care providers as po
Management has shifted from inpatient care to primary care providers as points of entry.
2. A nurse is using population management as part of the nursing care that is provided. Which of the following activities is the nurse most likely completing?
a.
Census taking to determine the total number of people in the population
b.
Assessing the need
Assessing the needs of the client population through compilation of health histories
3. An enduring process in which a manager establishes systems and monitors the health status, resources, and outcomes for a targeted aggregate of the population is called:
a.
case management.
b.
care management.
c.
disease management.
d.
demand management
care management.
4. A patient with a long history of asthma with many hospital admissions is referred to a case manager for disease management. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this referral?
a.
Chronic and costly disease conditions that require long-t
Chronic and costly disease conditions that require long-term care interventions
5. A nurse is assisting clients to improve their health status. Which of the following types of management is being used by the nurse?
a.
Care management
b.
Case management
c.
Disease management
d.
Demand management
Demand management
6. A bachelor's prepared nurse is providing case management services. Which of the following activities would most likely be provided by this nurse?
a.
Working with community aggregates
b.
Working with systems of disease
c.
Working with individuals
d.
Wor
Working with individuals
7. A nurse is using a critical path when providing care for a client. Which of the following most likely describes the situation that the nurse is in?
a.
Implementing the six "rights" of case management
b.
Demonstrating competencies required for practicin
Attempting to achieve a measurable outcome for a specific client
8. What are the six "rights" of case management?
a.
Care, time, provider, setting, price, and outcomes
b.
Patient, medication, route, time, documentation, and evaluation
c.
Place, setting, patient, plan, outcomes, and documentation
d.
Disease process, tim
Care, time, provider, setting, price, and outcomes
9. A nurse is working as a case manager and is in the process of performing interdisciplinary, family and client conferences. Which of the following phases of the nursing process is being implemented?
a.
Assessment
b.
Diagnosis
c.
Planning for outcomes
d.
Diagnosis
10. A case manager has contacted providers and has negotiated services and prices. Which of the following phases of the nursing process is being demonstrated?
a.
Assessment
b.
Diagnosis
c.
Planning/outcome
d.
Implementation
Implementation
11. A case manager uses effective collaboration and team strategies to make arrangements for services. Which of the following roles is being applied?
a.
Broker
b.
Negotiator
c.
Liaison
d.
Facilitator
Negotiator
12. A case manager provides a formal communication link among all parties concerning the plan of care management. Which of the following roles of the nurse is being implemented?
a.
Facilitator
b.
Liaison
c.
Coordinator
d.
Negotiator
Liaison
13. A case manager is fulfilling the role of coordinator. Which of the following nursing interventions would most likely be completed?
a.
Providing information to all parties about the situations affecting the client
b.
Educating the client and providers
Arranging, regulating, and balancing needed health services for the client
14. Which are examples of knowledge domains used in case management?
a.
Legal issues, malpractice recognition, and community involvement
b.
Teaching, counseling, and education skills
c.
Advocacy, political campaigning and legislative change
d.
Grant appli
Teaching, counseling, and education skills
15. A nurse is using life care planning when working with a client. Which of the following would be the most appropriate time for this to be used?
a.
When organizing a timeline of life events
b.
When documenting client information and requests
c.
When ass
When assessing present and future client needs
16. A nurse is working as a case manager. Which of the following best describes the diagnoses that the case manager is most likely to encounter?
a.
Bankruptcy, financial distress, and depression
b.
Flu, colds, and frequent headaches
c.
Malaria, bird flu,
AIDS, spinal cord injury, and ventilator dependency
17. A public health nurse (PHN) is working with the chronically ill and families with young children needing age-specific health maintenance. Which of the following models of case management is being used?
a.
Client-focused
b.
System-focused
c.
Social ser
Client-focused
18. Which model addresses the structure and processes of using the population-based tools of disease management and critical pathways to offer care for client populations?
a.
Client-focused
b.
System-focused
c.
Social service
d.
Long-term care
System-focused
19. The nurse and client, a 20-year-old expectant mother, are discussing the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding. To enhance understanding of the implications of breastfeeding, the nurse says, "Tell me more about how you will work full time and
Clarification
20. A nurse upholds a client's right to make a choice and to act on the choice. Which of the following best describes the action being taken by the nurse?
a.
Affirming
b.
Supporting
c.
Informing
d.
Amplifying
Supporting
21. A case manager supports a client's decision to return home after having a total hip replacement rather than go to a skilled nursing facility. Which of the following phases of the nursing process is being used?
a.
Assessment
b.
Planning/outcome
c.
Impl
Implementation
22. The process of moving conflicting parties toward an outcome is called:
a.
negotiation.
b.
conflict management.
c.
problem-purpose expansion method.
d.
brainstorming.
negotiation.
23. Mutual benefit with limited loss for everyone is a goal of:
a.
negotiating.
b.
assertiveness.
c.
conflict management.
d.
cooperation.
conflict management.
24. The nurse is involved in a conflict resolution situation with the parents of a 2-year-old boy. The parents are deciding if "spanking" the child is a disciplinary method that they will employ. The mother says, "I do not believe in spanking. I see it as
Assertiveness
25. A nurse is working with an individual who pursues neither his concerns nor another's concerns. Which of the following conflict management behaviors is being used?
a.
Accommodating
b.
Collaborating
c.
Avoiding
d.
Compromising
Avoiding
1. Which statement about the Intervention Wheel is true?
a.
It provides a graphic illustration of population-based public health practice.
b.
It describes in detail the components of public health nursing.
c.
It demonstrates the practice of community heal
It provides a graphic illustration of population-based public health practice.
2. Since the Intervention Wheel was first published in 1998, it has:
a.
guided national policy.
b.
been used as a tool in deciding licensure issues for State Boards of Nursing.
c.
been incorporated into the public health curricula of many nursing programs
been incorporated into the public health curricula of many nursing programs.
3. Public health interventions are implemented with:
a.
legislators, policy makers, and community leaders.
b.
individuals and families, communities, and systems.
c.
children, adolescents, and adults.
d.
health departments, public health agencies, and visi
individuals and families, communities, and systems.
4. Which statement is true about the origins of the Intervention Wheel?
a.
A panel of nurses from Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin developed and refined the Intervention Wheel.
b.
It was conceived by a group of international nurs
It resulted from a grounded theory process carried out by public health consultants at the Minnesota Department of Health.
5. A social marketing campaign urging community members to avoid driving motorized vehicles after consuming alcohol is implemented in a local community. Which of the following levels of practice is being demonstrated?
a.
Individual
b.
Systems
c.
Community
Community
6. A PHN uses Assumption 2, "Public health nursing practice focuses on populations," to guide practice. Which of the following would be considered a population of interest?
a.
Healthy school children
b.
Homeless individuals
c.
A person recently diagnosed
Healthy school children
7. A PHN is conducting an assessment of the community's health. Which of the following is being accomplished through this activity?
a.
Define one problem that will be the focus for a year
b.
Assess a social network of interacting individuals usually in a
Assess a social network of interacting individuals usually in a defined territory
8. A PHN utilizes the nursing process at all levels of practice. Which of the following demonstrates how this is accomplished?
a.
Including specific goals for community health nurses
b.
Developing an accurate nursing diagnosis
c.
Analyzing the needs of th
Analyzing the needs of the community, systems, individuals, and families
9. PHNs across the United States implement similar types of interventions to improve the health of various groups. Which of the following explains why a common set of interventions is used?
a.
Describe the proper order of implementation
b.
Emphasize surve
Improve the health status of communities, systems, individuals, and families
10. What is the purpose of the color-coded wedges on the Intervention Wheel?
a.
The interventions are grouped together in related wedges.
b.
The wedges consist of referral information for each wedge.
c.
The element of health teaching is the predominant fe
The interventions are grouped together in related wedges.
11. A PHN is using collaboration, coalition building, and community organizing to develop a new program in the community. Which of the following strategies is the nurse most likely using?
a.
Providing case management, referral, and follow-up services with
Carrying out collective action at the systems or community levels of practice
12. The levels of practice encompassed by the Intervention Wheel are:
a.
communities, individuals and families, and systems.
b.
assessment, diagnosis, and evaluation.
c.
primary, secondary, and tertiary.
d.
communities, populations, and aggregates.
communities, individuals and families, and systems.
13. PHNs utilize registries to identify children with delayed or missing immunizations. They subsequently follow up with families by phone calls or home visits. Which of the following levels of practice is being implemented?
a.
Systems
b.
Community
c.
Pol
Individual
14. An occupational health nurse works with an employer to develop a workplace wellness program for its employees. Which of the following levels of practice is being implemented?
a.
Individual
b.
Systems
c.
Community
d.
Government
Systems
15. A PHN is implementing interventions at the systems level of practice. Which of the following interventions would be used by the nurse?
a.
Involve the entire community in solving the health problem
b.
Identify health problems in the community
c.
Change
Change laws, policies, and practices that influence population-based issues
16. A PHN is implementing the public health intervention of health teaching at the systems level of practice. Which of the following interventions is most likely being implemented by the nurse?
a.
Participating in the "Great American Smokeout"
b.
Working
Working with a local employer to provide smoking cessation education
17. A nurse is involved in identifying individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease. Which of the following public health interventions is being applied?
a.
Screening
b.
Referral and follow-up
c.
Surveillance
d.
Health teachin
Screening
18. A nurse promotes alliances among organizations for a common purpose. Which of the following public health interventions is being implemented?
a.
Health teaching
b.
Coalition building
c.
Surveillance
d.
Referral and follow-up
Coalition building
19. A nursing student develops a teaching plan about hand washing to present to a group of elementary school children at the local school. Which of the following public health interventions is being implemented?
a.
Collaboration
b.
Surveillance
c.
Health
Health teaching
A PHN is conducting a community assessment. Which of the following is the best example of this action?
a.
Visiting an elderly person at home to assess and evaluate safety and fall risk
b.
Developing diagnoses to identify nursing interventions at a health
Compiling recent data from the county health department on child abuse cases
A PHN is developing a measurable outcome health status indicator that can be used at the individual level of practice. Which of the following would the nurse most likely use?
a.
A 50-year-old woman receives annual mammograms
b.
School absences in a commun
A 50-year-old woman receives annual mammograms
22. A PHN is addressing the problem of obesity at the community level of practice. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be most appropriate for the nurse to use?
a.
Alteration in nutrition: More than body requirements
b.
Need for increased knowl
Families at risk for obesity because of inactivity
1. The cornerstones of public health nursing practice include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Focus on the health of the entire population
b.
Reflect community priorities and needs
c.
Promote health through strategies driven by epidemi
a,b,c
What is the goal of local public health departments?
a.
To monitor communicable diseases
b.
To improve the health status of communities
c.
To offer services for the uninsured
d.
To enforce environmental codes and laws
To improve the health status of communities
2. Which agency delegates the authority of the local health department?
a.
The federal government
b.
The state
c.
Local authorities
d.
Regional governing boards
The state
3. A nurse is working in a public health department. Which of the following would most likely be the focus of the care that is provided?
a.
Home visiting and hospice care
b.
Care of communicable diseases
c.
Health maintenance and health promotion
d.
Illne
Health maintenance and health promotion
4. Which event has the potential to weaken existing public health programs?
a.
The shift in funding to support bioterrorism response efforts
b.
The outbreaks of H1N1 influenza
c.
The number of citizens with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
d.
The lack o
The shift in funding to support bioterrorism response efforts
A PHN discusses with a client which services are appropriate to meet her needs. Which of the following best describes the role that the nurse is using?
a.
Case manager
b.
Advocate
c.
Counselor
d.
Role model
Advocate
6. A PHN assists a client in identifying the services needed the most at the least cost. Which of the following best describes the role that the nurse is using?
a.
Role model
b.
Advocate
c.
Counselor
d.
Case manager
Case manager
The PHN aims to change behaviors such as poor hand washing skills and unsafe sex practices. Which of the following best describes the role that the nurse is using?
a.
Case manager
b.
Advocate
c.
Educator
d.
Role model
Educator
A nurse is providing services for uninsured women. Which of the following best describes the role that the nurse is using?
a.
Role model
b.
Primary caregiver
c.
Outreach worker
d.
Case manager
Primary caregiver
A nurse is providing information about safe-sex practices. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented?
a.
Primary prevention
b.
Secondary prevention
c.
Tertiary prevention
d.
Assessment
Primary prevention
A nurse is implementing secondary prevention strategies in the community. Which of the following best describes what the nurse is doing?
a.
Screening children for lead poisoning
b.
Working with communities on emergency preparedness plans
c.
Developing soc
Screening children for lead poisoning
A nurse is implementing tertiary prevention strategies in the community. Which of the following best describes what the nurse is doing?
a.
Providing immunizations
b.
Conducting lead screening activities for children
c.
Providing case management services f
Providing case management services for clients with chronic illness
A PHN is working with uninsured individuals. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
a.
Providing direct care for this population in times of acute illness
b.
Advocating for federal policy changes for this population
c
Assisting this population to access necessary health care services
After reviewing the objectives of Healthy People 2020, the PHN determines the focus for the programming for communicable diseases in the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely select as the focus?
a.
Encouraging community members to
Providing information about the hazards of multiple sexual partners
Which is a principle of good practice for community partnerships?
a.
Partnerships are easily formed among those working in public health.
b.
Partnerships use their own roles to accomplish tasks.
c.
Partnerships are built on identified strengths and assets
Partnerships are built on identified strengths and assets.
A nurse considering working as a PHN refers to the American Public Health Association (APHA) Public Health Nursing Section to determine what level of educational preparation has been recommended. Which of the following best describes the educational prepa
Baccalaureate degree
A PHN is involved in disaster planning. Which of the following best describes why this is important?
a.
To be most effective as a disaster responder
b.
To anticipate the potential disasters that may occur
c.
To educate the public about their responsibilit
To be most effective as a disaster responder
Which is an example of a federal agency? (Select all that apply.)
a.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
b.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
c.
The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
d.
The Pentag
a,b,c
Which principles are included in the Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice? (Select all that apply.)
a.
The client or "unit of care" is the population.
b.
Primary prevention is given priority.
c.
All processes must include partnering with
b,c
A PHN collaborates with agencies to address the problem of obesity in the community. Who would be the most appropriate people to include in this collaborative partnership? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Local health department staff members
b.
Restaurant own
a,b,c,d
Why is it important for nurses to understand the premises of environmental health?
a.
Nurses should be able to assess risks and advocate for policies that support healthy environments.
b.
Toxicologists often consult nurses about environmental pollutants.
Nurses should be able to assess risks and advocate for policies that support healthy environments.
Environmental health is important to nurses because chemical, biological, and radiological materials are:
a.
a major cause of global warming.
b.
often found in the air, water, and products we use.
c.
frequently linked to the development of chronic illness
often found in the air, water, and products we use.
A nurse fulfills the environmental health competency of "assessment and referral." Which of the following actions has the nurse most likely completed?
a.
Advocating for public policy changes
b.
Understanding policy framework and major pieces of legislatio
Completing an environmental health history
How have nurses historically learned to identify a possible relationship between environmental chemical exposures and their potential harm?
a.
Extrapolation by toxicologists
b.
Biomonitoring
c.
Completing chemistry courses
d.
Observing signs and symptoms
Observing signs and symptoms in clients
The basic science applied to understanding the health effects associated with chemical exposures is:
a.
toxicology.
b.
pharmacology.
c.
chemistry.
d.
environmental epidemiology.
toxicology.
Epidemiology:
a.
is a science that studies the poisonous effects of chemicals.
b.
explains the association between learning disabilities and exposure to lead-based paint at the cellular level.
c.
helps nurses understand the strength of the association bet
helps nurses understand the strength of the association between exposure and health effects.
A public health nurse (PHN) is working with a migrant farm worker who has experienced an exposure to a pesticide. When researching pesticides, the nurse looks at the "family" of the chemical. What similarities are found among chemicals that have been plac
Actions and associated risks
Which example contains the components necessary to form an epidemiologic triangle?
a.
Pesticides, water, food
b.
Lead, mercury, soil
c.
Trichloroethylene, water, infants
d.
Children under 12, elderly, temperature
Trichloroethylene, water, infants
When would it be appropriate for a nurse to use a Geographic Information System (GIS)?
a.
Recording client data collected at a foot clinic
b.
Determining neighborhoods that have an increased incidence of lead poisoning
c.
Evaluating effectiveness of a far
Determining neighborhoods that have an increased incidence of lead poisoning
A PHN is organizing a multidisciplinary team to address the issue of water pollution in the community. The most likely members that would be invited to address this issue would be:
a.
physicians, water sanitation workers, and occupational therapists.
b.
p
geologists, meteorologists, and chemists.
A nurse has identified a point source of air pollution. Which of the following has the nurse identified?
a.
A smoke stack
b.
The number of cars and trucks
c.
The amount of fossil fuel consumed in a community
d.
Ground ozone levels
A smoke stack
A nurse is completing an exposure history using the mnemonic I PREPARE. What data would a nurse collect when asking questions about the first "P"?
a.
Present work
b.
Potential exposures
c.
Personal protective equipment use
d.
Past work
Present work
The greatest single source of air pollution in the United States is from:
a.
waste incineration.
b.
power plants.
c.
motor vehicles.
d.
molds.
motor vehicles.
A nurse wants to find more information about indoor air quality. Which of the following websites would be most helpful?
a.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH)
b.
The American Lung Association
c.
"Right to Know"
d.
The Occupational Safety and Health Ad
The American Lung Association
Employees working with hazardous chemicals have the "Right to Know" about the chemicals they are working with through the creation of the:
a.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
b.
Consumer Confidence Report.
c.
Hazard Communication Standard.
d.
EPA.
Hazard Communication Standard.
Which is considered a nonpoint source of pollution?
a.
Hazardous waste site
b.
Animal waste from wildlife
c.
Chlorine poured down a well
d.
Stagnant water
Animal waste from wildlife
A nurse is completing the first phase of a risk assessment. Which of the following questions would the nurse most likely try to answer?
a.
Has the chemical been released into the environment?
b.
How much and by which route of entry can the chemical enter
Is the chemical known to be associated with a negative health effect?
A nurse works at the individual level to reduce pollution in the environment. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by the nurse?
a.
Provide a tax incentive to factories that do not pollute
b.
Make laws related to allowed levels of pol
Recycle paper, glass, cans, and plastic
A nurse is addressing the problem of air pollution in the community. Which of the following would be the first step the nurse would take?
a.
Setting standards
b.
Monitoring
c.
Permitting
d.
Compliance
Permitting
A city sets the standard of an acceptable level of emissions or a maximum contaminant level allowed for factories. Which of the following concepts is being applied?
a.
Controlling pollution
b.
Waste minimization
c.
Land use planning
d.
Environmental stand
Environmental standard
A facility is inspected after it has obtained a permit. The inspection is completed for the purpose of observing whether the plans submitted in the permit application are being implemented as approved. Which of the following environmental protection strat
Environmental monitoring
Which environmental law sets basic structure for regulating pollutants to United States waters?
a.
Safe Drinking Water Act
b.
Toxic Substance Control Act
c.
Clean Water Act
d.
Pollution Prevention Act
Clean Water Act
A PHN working with a family living in poverty is concerned about their exposure to environmental hazards. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider that may put the family at risk? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Limited funds to pay for health
a,b,c
A nurse is assessing for environmental health risks in the community. Which of the following approaches would be most appropriate for the nurse to use? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Ask legislators to provide a list of environmental pollutants in the area
b
b,c,d
The first industrial nurse is considered to be:
a.
Betty Moulder.
b.
Ada Mayo Stewart.
c.
Lillian Wald.
d.
Florence Nightingale.
Ada Mayo Stewart.
Which population would have been the focus of care for an occupational health nurse in the early 1900s?
a.
Injured workers
b.
All workers
c.
Families
d.
The community
Families
A nurse is working in an occupational health setting. Which of the following roles will the nurse most likely have?
a.
Administrator
b.
Clinicians/practitioner
c.
Consultant
d.
Educator
Clinicians/practitioner
A nurse is pursuing certification as an occupational health nurse. Which organization will provide this certification?
a.
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses
b.
Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center
c.
National Institute f
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses
A nurse in the occupational health arena is implementing a secondary prevention strategy. Which of the following best describes the action that was taken by the nurse?
a.
Providing education on safety in the workplace to prevent injury
b.
Working with chr
Screening for hearing loss resulting from noise levels in the plants
The nurse is doing a walk-through to identify workplace hazards. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented?
a.
Primary prevention
b.
Secondary prevention
c.
Tertiary prevention
d.
Assessment
Primary prevention
An employer offers a limited duty program after an employee has experienced a cumulative trauma injury. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented?
a.
Primary prevention
b.
Secondary prevention
c.
Tertiary prevention
d.
Assessment
Tertiary prevention
A nurse is employed in an occupational health setting. Which of the following activities would be a primary role of the nurse?
a.
Caring for employees and their families
b.
Providing health promotion and emergency care
c.
Updating the Material Safety Data
Providing health promotion and emergency care
An occupational health nurse is assessing workplace hazards. Which of the following would be the best method for the nurse to use?
a.
Review incident reports
b.
Walk through the worksite
c.
Interview key employees
d.
Read the Standard Industrial Classific
Walk through the worksite
Which was the first legislation that specifically required certain prevention programs for workers?
a.
Occupational Safety and Health Act
b.
NIOSH
c.
Mine Safety and Health Act
d.
SIC Code
Mine Safety and Health Act
Which types of industries are noted for high degrees of hazards associated with the work?
a.
Data entry, animal rescue, and hospice
b.
Engineering, science, and laboratories
c.
Manufacturing, mining, and agriculture
d.
Aeronautics, plastics, and nursing
Manufacturing, mining, and agriculture
The most disabling occupational condition reported in 2011 was/were:
a.
cuts and punctures.
b.
fractures.
c.
bruises.
d.
sprains and strains.
sprains and strains.
An occupational health nurse is educating employees about work-related hazards. Which of the following hazards would the nurse most likely discuss in the presentation?
a.
Workplace stress leading to hypertension and cardiovascular disease
b.
Asbestos, pla
Workplace stress leading to hypertension and cardiovascular disease
A nurse is identifying agents that are part of the epidemiologic triad. Which of the following will the nurse most likely identify?
a.
Environmental pollution
b.
Radiation
c.
Susceptible human beings
d.
High-risk groups of individuals
Radiation
A nurse is assessing host factors as part of the epidemiologic triad. Which of the following factors would the nurse most likely assess?
a.
Crowding
b.
Shift work
c.
Worker's family
d.
Chemical exposure
Worker's family
Which population is at the greatest risk for experiencing work-related accidents with subsequent injuries?
a.
Workers of child-bearing age
b.
Workers with less than 1 year of experience
c.
Workers with diminished sensory abilities
d.
Workers with chronic
Workers with less than 1 year of experience
A nurse is assessing a worker who has had a health reaction to a "safe" low-level exposure. Which of the following most likely describes what has happened?
a.
An allergic reaction
b.
A compromised immune system
c.
Hypersusceptibility
d.
Malnutrition
Hypersusceptibility
Which statement about chemical agents is accurate?
a.
Chemicals are not ordinarily found in the body tissues of the general population.
b.
Most chemicals have been studied to determine the effects of exposure on humans.
c.
Chronic exposure to low-level do
Chronic exposure to low-level doses of workplace chemicals below standards constitutes a potential health risk.
An occupational health nurse has conducted a walk-through assessment and has identified potential hazards in the workplace. The nurse recognizes that it will be easiest to modify exposure to which hazard?
a.
Bacteria
b.
Aerosols
c.
Noise
d.
Burnout
Noise
An employee has come into contact with a biological agent. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse?
a.
The biological agent may cause accidents in the work environment.
b.
The biological agent is commonly found in the agriculture
The biological agent indicates exposure to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
An occupational health nurse is assessing slippery floors as a safety hazard in the work setting. Which of the following best describes the type of hazard the nurse is assessing?
a.
Enviromechanical
b.
Physical
c.
Chemical
d.
Psychosocial
Enviromechanical
An occupational health nurse refers an employee to an employee assistance program. Which of the following problems would most likely be addressed?
a.
Obesity
b.
Smoking
c.
Alcohol abuse
d.
Lack of exercise
Alcohol abuse
A nurse is conducting an occupational health assessment. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this assessment?
a.
It is required by OSHA.
b.
It is required by NIOSH.
c.
It helps to identify agent and host factors that place employees at
It helps to identify agent and host factors that place employees at risk.
What is the purpose of OSHA?
a.
Educate occupational health and safety professionals
b.
Identify and research occupational health and safety hazards
c.
Distribute research findings relevant to occupational health and safety
d.
Educate employers about occu
Educate employers about occupational health and safety
What is the purpose of NIOSH?
a.
Examine potential hazards of new work technologies and practices
b.
Educate employees about environmental risks and hazards
c.
Develop and maintain a database of work-related deaths
d.
Set standards that regulate workers'
Examine potential hazards of new work technologies and practices
An occupational health nurse is assessing the need for MSDSs at the worksite. Which of the following items would require an MSDS?
a.
Hand soap
b.
Eye goggles
c.
Aprons
d.
Earplugs
Hand soap
Which is a requirement of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA)?
a.
Applying stricter rules to determine Superfund sites
b.
Sharing written disaster plans with key resources in the community
c.
Authorizing each industry to write their own
Sharing written disaster plans with key resources in the community
An occupational health nurse is involved in disaster planning. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take?
a.
Assess for possible disasters
b.
Prevent injuries and death of workers
c.
Store Medical Data Sheets in a safe
Prevent injuries and death of workers
An occupational health nurse is working in an occupational health and safety program. Which of the following services is the nurse most likely to provide? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Health/medical surveillance
b.
Health screening
c.
Case management
d.
Jo
a,b,c,d
An occupational health has become a member of the AAOHN. Why would a nurse join this organization? (Select all that apply.)
a.
To promote the health and safety of workers
b.
To lobby in Congress for safer work places
c.
To advance the profession by suppor
a,c,d
Which statement about the nursing workforce is true?
a.
The nursing workforce is overwhelmingly white.
b.
The number of minority nurses meets the needs of the country's demographics.
c.
The nursing workforce is becoming increasingly diverse with increasin
The nursing workforce is overwhelmingly white.
The Refugee Act of 1980 had what effect on refugees who were immigrating into the United States?
a.
Allowed specific provisions for refugees from Southern and Eastern Europe
b.
Provided a uniform procedure for refugees to be admitted into the United State
Provided a uniform procedure for refugees to be admitted into the United States
A large portion of foreign-born residents of the United States:
a.
work in service-producing and blue-collar sectors.
b.
reside in rural areas.
c.
have a high school education.
d.
are refugees and nonimmigrants.
work in service-producing and blue-collar sectors.
A 35-year-old man from Russia comes to the United States seeking asylum because of religious persecution in his native country. Which of the following best describes this type of immigrant?
a.
Legal immigrant
b.
Lawful permanent resident
c.
Refugee
d.
Una
Refugee
A visitor from Japan comes to the United States for a 2-week vacation. Which of the following best describes this person?
a.
Nonimmigrant
b.
Refugee
c.
Legal immigrant
d.
Lawful permanent resident
Nonimmigrant
A nurse is observing behaviors that may be defined by culture. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to observe?
a.
Speaking a dialect of a language in a local region
b.
Standing when an older adult gets on the bus to give him a seat
c.
Immigrat
Standing when an older adult gets on the bus to give him a seat
A nurse states that the client has exhibited an explicit cultural behavior. Which of the following has the nurse most likely observed?
a.
Verbal communication
b.
Body language
c.
Use of titles
d.
Perception of health and illness
Verbal communication
A nurse is working with an immigrant population. Which of the following should be the first action taken by the nurse?
a.
Be aware of one's own culture
b.
Become familiar with traditional practices of the immigrants
c.
Try to see things from the immigrant
Be aware of one's own culture
Which of the following statements about race is true?
a.
In the United States, children of biracial parents are usually assigned the race of the father.
b.
Ethnicity and race are synonymous terms.
c.
Individuals may be of the same race but of different cu
Individuals may be of the same race but of different cultures.
A nurse is working with a population that exhibits a large amount of diversity. The nurse recognizes that skin color of individuals within this population is an example of:
a.
multiculturalism.
b.
ethnicity.
c.
race.
d.
culture.
race.
A client shares with the nurse that her grandparents immigrated to the United States from Germany. Which of the following best describes what she has disclosed?
a.
Multiculturalism
b.
Ethnicity
c.
Race
d.
Culture
Ethnicity
A nurse implements nursing interventions considering the uniqueness of the person's culture. Which of the following best describes this action?
a.
Cultural diversity
b.
Cultural knowledge
c.
Cultural competence
d.
Cultural awareness
Cultural competence
A nurse is unable to provide culturally competent care to a population within the community. Which of the following is an effect of this type of care?
a.
Enhanced communication
b.
Increased cost of health care
c.
Achievement of health indicators
d.
Improv
Increased cost of health care
A nurse is striving to be culturally competent. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by the nurse?
a.
Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity
b.
Immerse themselves in different cultures
c.
Design care for speci
Respect individuals from different cultures and value diversity
A nurse wants to obtain information on the alternative methods of health care her 45-year-old female client uses. Who would be the best person to ask about this?
a.
The husband of the client
b.
A community leader of the ethnic group
c.
The client herself
The client herself
A nurse has experienced a cultural encounter. Which of the following best describes what has happened?
a.
Sharing significant assessment findings with members of a racial minority
b.
Visiting the native land of the clients served at a community health cen
Learning about traditional healing practices from an American Indian client
A nurse demonstrates cultural desire to provide culturally competent care. Which of the following actions would be taken by the nurse?
a.
Relying on a textbook for information about an ethnic group
b.
Bringing a translator to the local community clinic
c.
Taking Spanish classes in the evening at a local college
To meet a client's needs, it is sometimes necessary to integrate into the client's care a culturally relevant practice that lacks scientific utility. Which of the following best describes this action?
a.
Cultural accommodation
b.
Cultural awareness
c.
Cul
Cultural accommodation
A Mexican American mother insists on using special candles to help her daughter's ear infection. The nurse asks the mother if she would also give her daughter antibiotics. Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?
a.
Cultural accommod
Cultural accommodation
A nurse supports the use of traditional home remedies in conjunction with Western medicine to promote healthy behaviors. Which of the following is being demonstrated by the nurse?
a.
Cultural accommodation
b.
Cultural awareness
c.
Cultural preservation
d.
Cultural preservation
A city council discusses how former city laws promoted segregation in the community years ago. Which of the following was being demonstrated when segregation occurred?
a.
Prejudice
b.
Cultural imposition
c.
Racism
d.
Stereotyping
Racism
The nurse labels a patient an alcoholic because of his ethnicity. Which of the following best describes this action by the nurse?
a.
Stereotyping
b.
Prejudice
c.
Racism
d.
Ethnocentrism
Stereotyping
A nurse advocates and intervenes between the health care system and the client's cultural beliefs on behalf of the client. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action?
a.
Cultural accommodation
b.
Culture brokering
c.
Cultural preservation
d.
Culture brokering
A nurse believes that the best treatment for illness is the use of Western medicine and alternative therapies should not be used for healing. Which of the following best describes what has happened?
a.
Ethnocentrism
b.
Cultural imposition
c.
Racism
d.
Ste
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to ignore all differences between cultures and to act as though the differences do not exist is defined as:
a.
cultural conflict.
b.
culture shock.
c.
cultural blindness.
d.
cultural imposition.
cultural blindness.
A nurse resigns from a position in a hospital to accept a job in a community setting. After starting the new job, the nurse feels helpless and confused, wondering if this was the right career choice. Which of the following terms best describes how the nur
Culture shock
A client comes into the clinic and tells the nurse he goes to an acupuncturist for pain. The nurse says he should take pain medication instead. Which of the following best describes the action taken by the nurse?
a.
Cultural conflict
b.
Cultural blindness
Cultural imposition
Hispanics tend to believe that the needs of the family take priority over those of the individual. Which of the following types of cultural variations is being demonstrated?
a.
Communication
b.
Personal space
c.
Social organization
d.
Environmental contro
Social organization
In the Vietnamese culture, individuals may focus on wishes and memories of their ancestors and look to them to provide direction for current situations. Which of the following types of cultural variations is being demonstrated?
a.
Communication
b.
Persona
Perception of time
Asians may perceive illness as disharmony with other forces and that medicine is only able to relieve the symptoms rather than cure the disease. They may look to naturalistic solutions and acupuncture to resolve or cure health problems. Which of the follo
Environmental control
Research has shown that Asian men tend to have a greater sensitivity than white Europeans to codeine, and they experience significantly weaker effects from the drug. Which of the following types of cultural variations is being demonstrated?
a.
Biological
Biological variations
A nurse is planning a refugee outreach clinic at the neighborhood health center. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse in order to provide culturally competent care? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Their own background, beliefs, an
a,b,c,d
A nurse will be using an interpreter during a client encounter. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)
a.
It is appropriate to use family members as interpreters.
b.
Written materials should be availabl
b,d