Which presentation of an infectious disease is acquired through an indirect transmission?
+Syphilis contracted from a sexual partner.
+ Measles resulting from a daycare center outbreak.
+Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
+Nosocomial
Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
Malaria contracted from a biting mosquito is an example of a vector-related, indirect transmission of the disease (C). Indirect transmission of an infectious disease involves the spread of infection
A home health nurse knows that a 70-year-old male client who is convalescing at home following a hip replacement, is at risk for developing decubitus ulcers. Which physical characteristic of aging contributes to such a risk?
16% increase in overall body f
Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
Thin, non-elastic skin (C) is an important factor in decubitus formation. Proportion of body fat to lean mass increases with age (A), and might help decrease ulcer tendency. (B) results in grey hair. (D) can c
The nurse is developing a plan to provide quality health care for a certain community. Data obtained from which resources should be helpful to the nurse in developing a community healthcare plan for this community? (Select all that apply.)
Census data.
Ri
Census data.
Risk management data.
Budgeting process information.
Client-satisfaction surveys.
Changes in the community's demographic data.
Census data (A), risk management data (B), budgeting process information (C), data obtained from client-satisfactio
The nursing education coordinator is creating employee orientation materials for staff nurses who plan to work at a clinic that serves a lower socioeconomic neighborhood. What information should the educator include regarding the clinic's client populatio
Most of the clients are unemployed or disabled.
Access to mass transit may be an issue.
Basic physiologic needs of this population are often unmet.
Correct choices are (A, B, and D). The unemployed or disabled will likely comprise a majority of this clini
While discussing the science of nursing, the nurse identifies the domain of nursing theory. Which linkages should the nurse provide to describe nursing's paradigm?
The person, the environment or situation, and health.
Stress reduction, self-care, and a sy
The person, the environment or situation, and health.
Nursing theories serve to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care measures. Any science has a domain, which is the view or perspective of the discipline. The elements of nursing's paradig
Which topic should the nurse include in planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community?
Safety measures in the home.
Adult immunization program.
Rehabilitation after surgery.
Vision and hearing screening.
Vision and hearing screening.
Health screenings (D) are the mainstay of secondary prevention, which focuses on health promotion, which includes screening, early detection and diagnosis of disease. (A and B) are primary prevention topics which include heal
A nurse organizes a community action group to help resolve health problems in a low income neighborhood with a large population of recent immigrants from Africa. What problem should the nurse address first?
High rate of unemployment.
Low immunization rate
Low immunization rate of children.
In the early phase of a community group, it is important for the group to experience success in resolving a problem so that they feel encouraged and empowered to continue working together. (B) is the problem easiest to t
What action is best for the community health nurse to take if the nurse suspects that an infant is being physically abused?
Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
Report suspicions to the local child abuse reporting hotline.
Educate the child'
Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
Nurses are mandated to report all suspected cases of child abuse and neglect, and it is best to follow agency protocols to protect the nurse and child's safety (A). (B) is available for the general public
A nurse working in a community health setting is performing primary health screenings. Which individual is at highest risk for contracting an HIV infection?
A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
A 45-year-old lesbian who has been se
A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
(A) is at greatest risk for developing sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, because the greater the number of sexual partners one has, the greater the risk for contracting STDs. (B) rep
During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client's last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?
Cigaret
African-American ethnicity.
The client's previous history of a LBW infant and the non-modifiable risk factor of ethnicity are the most important risk factors for this pregnancy because the incidence of (LBW) infants is twice as high for African-American (
The nurse administers a booster dose of DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine to an infant. Which level of prevention is the nurse implementing?
Primary prevention.
Tertiary prevention.
Secondary prevention.
Primary nursing.
Primary prevention.
Primary prevention (A) involves activities that focus on reducing the potential for illness before it occurs, such as immunizations. Tertiary prevention (B) minimizes the consequences of a disorder or illness through aggressive managem
The home health nurse is admitting a client with Parkinson's disease to the home healthcare service. In planning care for this client, which nursing diagnosis has priority?
Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness.
Ineffective co
Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder affecting the brain centers that are responsible for control and regulation of movement. The chief clinical manifestations are imp
The nurse is assessing a Vietnamese child during a home health visit and identifies round swellings on the child's back. The child's mother says she rubbed the edge of a coin on her child's oiled skin. The nurse should recognize that this behavior is prom
The purpose is to rid the body of disease.
Coining, a Vietnamese practice, may produce welt-like swellings from rubbing a coin lengthwise on oiled skin to rid the body of disease (B). Certain cultural practices that address illness may be considered abusi
The nurse is working in a community clinic that serves a population comprised mainly of migrant families. In planning the use of resources for secondary prevention, which activity should be the priority?
Skin testing for tuberculosis.
Glucose monitoring f
Skin testing for tuberculosis.
Secondary prevention focuses on health promotion, which includes screening, early detection and diagnosis of disease. Among migrant families, tuberculosis rates are unusually high and should be a priority focus for secondary
Which topic should the nurse include in planning a primary prevention class for adolescents?
Risk factors for heart disease.
Dietary management of obesity.
Suicide risks and prevention.
Coping with stressful situations.
Suicide risks and prevention.
Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and prevention of injury and illness. Since suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents, including (C) is essential. Health screenings and interventions are designed to in
What action is best for the community health nurse to take if the nurse suspects that an infant is being physically abused?
Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse. Correct
Report suspicions to the local child abuse reporting hotline.
Educate th
Follow agency protocols to report suspected abuse.
Nurses are mandated to report all suspected cases of child abuse and neglect, and it is best to follow agency protocols to protect the nurse and child's safety (A). (B) is available for the general public
An occupational health nurse is reviewing a 20-year-old trend in the United States that has resulted in an increase in certain medical conditions due to the rapid expansion of an urban industrial workforce. Which medical conditions are specifically identi
Asthma.
Lung cancer.
Asthma (A) and lung cancer (C) are triggered or worsened by airborne substances, such as tobacco smoke, ozone, and other particles and/or chemicals, so these conditions are specifically associated with the increase in urban industrial
Which intervention should the public health nurse implement when attempting to address one of the leading health indicators of Healthy People 2020?
Lead a weekly water aerobics class for the elderly at a community center.
Teach a class on cultural awarene
Design and implement a no smoking campaign at the local high school.
The activity in (C) addresses reduced cigarette smoking by adolescents, which is the focus of Tobacco use as a leading health indicator for Healthy People 2020. Regular exercise (A) is a
A college student asks the nurse in the Campus Student Health Center about obtaining medication for motion sickness before a scuba diving trip. What instruction should the nurse give the student regarding the use of prescription-strength scopolamine (Tran
Apply the skin patch behind the ear 12 hours before your trip.
Medications used to control motion sickness must be taken prior to the onset of nausea and vomiting. They are most effective if taken 12 hours before (B) expected travel or activity. (A, C, an
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Malaria following exposure in a mosquito-infested area.
Malaria contracted from a biting mosquito is an example of a vector-related, indirect transmission of the disease (C). Indirect transmission of an infectious disease involves the spread of infection
The multidisciplinary home health care team is discussing a female client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The home health care nurse reports the client is getting worse and her husband is no longer able to care for her in the home. Which action should
Assign a home health care aide to provide care daily.
The nurse should first ensure the client's safety by providing assistance in the home (B), which will help both the client and her husband until other arrangements can be made. A chaplain (A) provides
The nurse is preparing to discharge an elderly, recently widowed female client following a mild stroke. At this time she is able to walk with the aid of a walker. As part of the discharge planning, what referral is most important for the nurse to make?
Pa
Meals-on-Wheels.
Since this client lives alone and uses a walker, food preparation is a potential problem, so Meals-on-Wheels (B) is a needed referral. (A) might be indicated, but does not have the priority that adequate nutrition does. Even though the cl
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African-American ethnicity.
The client's previous history of a LBW infant and the non-modifiable risk factor of ethnicity are the most important risk factors for this pregnancy because the incidence of (LBW) infants is twice as high for African-American (
A young woman tells the public health nurse that a friend was recently diagnosed with Hepatitis B and she is concerned about getting the disease. During the assessment interview, which question is most important for the nurse to ask this woman?
Did you dr
Have you shared any needles or had sex with your friend?
Hepatitis B virus is transmitted by sharing needles or unprotected sex, so (C) is the most important question for the nurse to ask this young woman. Hepatitis A is transmitted by (A). The incubation
During a home health visit, a male client reports to the nurse that he felt a solid testicular mass during self-exam, but that it wasn't painful. What instruction should the nurse provide the client?
Continue to monitor the mass until the next scheduled a
Schedule an appointment with the healthcare provider for prompt evaluation.
A painless testicular mass is an abnormal finding, and the nurse should instruct the client to obtain prompt medical evaluation (C). (A, B, and D) place the client at risk, since
A 12-year-old female is seen by the school nurse after recently experiencing increasing difficulty sitting still and paying attention in class, and increasingly illegible handwriting. The nurse observes that the child has protruding eyeballs and a staring
Gather additional data by taking a health history and measuring vital signs.
Based on the available data, the child may have hyperthyroidism (Graves disease). The nurse should gather additional data (C) that may help confirm this suspicion. (A or D) are p
Lillian Wald was a significant person in the history of American nursing. Which contributions can be attributed to her? (Select all that apply.)
Development of public health nursing practice.
First nursing service for occupational health.
Campaigned for l
Development of public health nursing practice.
First nursing service for occupational health.
Instituted a sliding scale fee for service.
Established committee that was the forerunner of the NLN.
(A, B, D, and E) are correct. Lillian Wald is known mostly
A male client is brought to the emergency department as the result of a motorcycle accident. He was not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, and states that he has no intention of ever wearing one. Within the framework of the Transtheoretical Mod
Wearing a helmet or not is certainly an individual decision.
Within the framework of the TTM, the client's comment indicates that he is in the pre-contemplation stage where he is not even considering change. By responding with (A), the nurse allows the cl
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The person, the environment or situation, and health.
Nursing theories serve to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care measures. Any science has a domain, which is the view or perspective of the discipline. The elements of nursing's paradig
A terrorist attack has occurred and several people have inhaled Ricin. Which intervention should the emergency department nurse implement when caring for these clients?
Administer the antibiotic streptomycin, IV STAT.
Provide all clients with the Ricin an
Provide supportive nursing care until antitoxin is available.
Production of the Ricin antitoxin involves immunizing sheep with inactive ricin, which results in the production of antibodies that are harvested to produce a freeze-dried product for reconstit
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Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school
The windshield survey (the nurse drives through neighborhoods viewing homes, stores, churches, air quality, etc.) (D) gives the nurse the best initial overview of the children and a
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Census data.
Risk management data.
Budgeting process information.
Client-satisfaction surveys.
Changes in the community's demographic data.
Census data (A), risk management data (B), budgeting process information (C), data obtained from client-satisfactio
The nurse is designing a bioterrorism plan for a community. Which agents are transmitted person to person via respiratory or inhalation exposure? (Select all that apply.)
Ricin.
Pneumonic plague.
Anthrax.
Botulism.
Smallpox.
Brucellosis.
Pneumonic plague.
Smallpox.
Correct selections are (B and E). The pneumonic plague (B) can be transmitted person to person via respiratory droplets. Smallpox (E) can produce aerosolized droplets of ruptured pock marks in the buccal cavity, thus aerosolizi
Which example should the nurse identify as a significant outcome for the Leading Health Indicators of Healthy People 2020?
A community has adopted a no smoking policy.
A rural community has a public transportation system.
The high school drop out rate has
A community has adopted a no smoking policy.
Environmental quality and tobacco are two of the 12 leading indicators of Healthy People 2020 that are addressed by a community that adopts a no smoking policy (A), which reduces secondary smoke exposure of chi
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Most of the clients are unemployed or disabled.
Access to mass transit may be an issue.
Basic physiologic needs of this population are often unmet.
Correct choices are (A, B, and D). The unemployed or disabled will likely comprise a majority of this clini
Attendance at a community health clinic is rising and clients have long waits for service. The charge nurse believes that a computer system would be helpful in decreasing the time needed to conduct intake and exit processing. What is the best way for the
Submit a written proposal to the Board of Directors about hardware and software improvement needs.
Submitting written information to the Board will give Board members the opportunity to review the proposal (C) and is the best method of introducing the ide
A nurse working in a community health setting is performing primary health screenings. Which individual is at highest risk for contracting an HIV infection?
A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
A 45-year-old lesbian who has been se
A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
(A) is at greatest risk for developing sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, because the greater the number of sexual partners one has, the greater the risk for contracting STDs. (B) rep
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Impaired physical mobility related to muscle rigidity and weakness.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder affecting the brain centers that are responsible for control and regulation of movement. The chief clinical manifestations are imp
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Thinning of the skin with loss of elasticity.
Thin, non-elastic skin (C) is an important factor in decubitus formation. Proportion of body fat to lean mass increases with age (A), and might help decrease ulcer tendency. (B) results in grey hair. (D) can c
When asked to help develop interventions to combat obesity among children, the community health nurse should stress the importance of implementing which activity?
Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles.
Develop strict diet plans for
Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles.
Setting goals focused on healthy lifestyles that include good nutrition, healthy food choices, and regular physical activity (A) is helpful in managing childhood obesity. (B) is not appropriat
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Primary prevention.
Primary prevention (A) involves activities that focus on reducing the potential for illness before it occurs, such as immunizations. Tertiary prevention (B) minimizes the consequences of a disorder or illness through aggressive managem
The nurse is teaching a community group about risks of cardiovascular disease. Several clients ask the nurse to determine their risk. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?
A male with a serum choles
A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200 mg/dl.
The risk factors for cardiovascular disease include nonmodifiable variables, such as gender, family history, and race, and modifiable variables, such as underlying diseases (hypertension, dia
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Suicide risks and prevention.
Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and prevention of injury and illness. Since suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents, including (C) is essential. Health screenings and interventions are designed to in
The nurse is planning a community-based project to reduce obesity in a school-aged population. Which outcome statement best supports the goal for this population?
Increase in exercise will decrease obesity in children with a sedentary life style.
Students
Within 2 years, students with a body mass index greater than 95% will be reduced by 50%.
Goals are intended to be expressed in specific outcomes that provide direction toward interventions and determine change in measurable terms. Outcome statements inclu
The home health nurse is planning a visit with a client who has been discharged home after a hospitalization. Which action should the nurse implement?
Avoid creating barriers by wearing a name tag in the home.
Schedule home visits that take place during t
Schedule home visits that take place during the daylight hours.
To ensure safety of the client and the nurse, home visits should be scheduled during daylight hours (B). The nurse practice act requires the nurse to wear an identification name tag during cl
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Skin testing for tuberculosis.
Secondary prevention focuses on health promotion, which includes screening, early detection and diagnosis of disease. Among migrant families, tuberculosis rates are unusually high and should be a priority focus for secondary
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The purpose is to rid the body of disease.
Coining, a Vietnamese practice, may produce welt-like swellings from rubbing a coin lengthwise on oiled skin to rid the body of disease (B). Certain cultural practices that address illness may be considered abusi
Which topic should the nurse include in planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community?
Safety measures in the home.
Adult immunization program.
Rehabilitation after surgery.
Vision and hearing screening
Vision and hearing screening
Health screenings (D) are the mainstay of secondary prevention, which focuses on health promotion, which includes screening, early detection and diagnosis of disease. (A and B) are primary prevention topics which include healt