Health screenings are measures in
Secondary prevention
What does the term gatekeeper mean? Who would that be in your home community?
Someone whom keeps track of the political climate of the community formally and informally (pastors, school leaders, councilmembers)
Which agency maintains records, analyzes, diseases trends, and published epidemiclogical reports on all types of diseases?
CDC
An infant death is the death of a child younger than?
One Year
Groups at higher risk of unintended pregnancy are:
Poor women/ living in Poverty
Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions on which people can be healthy can occur is termed:
Public Health
Define the term epidemic:
is an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health related event
An example of a quasi- governmental health organization is
Operate independently of government supervision. Holds some official health responsibilities; operates more like voluntary health organizations
Derive some funding and work from government
The National Science Foundation
Red Cross
The neonatal mortality period is death that occurs up to:
28 days AFTER birth
Describe the organization WHO:
World Health Organization
Is membership open to any nation that has ratified the WHO constitution and receives a majority vote of the World Health assembly, which is comprised of member nations
Looks after the healthiness of all man kind
Headquarters in G
A process by which an invention is planned to help meet the needs of priority population is?
program planning
True or False? In the communicable disease model, the cause of a disease or health problem is the host?
False/ The Vector
The power to arrest someone who refuses to undergo treatment for a communicable disease?
A local health officer
Define community organizing:
The process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals.
True or False: community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilizes, and address social and public health problems?
True
The process of collecting and analyzing information to develop an understanding of issues, resources, and constraints of the priority population to better develop a health promotion program is:
A needs assessment
True or False: Sleeping on the back rather than the stomach greatly increases the SID among health, full term infants
False/ Decreases
Name the components of the WSCC model
Health Education
Physical Education/Physical Activity
Environment and Services,
Health Services
Counseling/Psychological/Social Services
Social/Emotional Climate
Physical Environment
Employee Wellness
Family engagement
Community Involvement
List, in order, the generalized steps for program planning
Assess needs
Set goals and objective
Develop an intervention
Implement the intervention
Evaluate
Appendicitis and poisoning are examples of:
Non-communicable Diseases
Approximately how many teenage girls in the US get pregnant at least once before the age 20
1/4, %25
The racial/ethinic group of high school students most likely to report to current cigarette usage is
White Americans
Give three examples of behavior related to unintentional injuries of high school students that are assessed as part of the YRBSS: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey
Seat belt use, bicycle helmet use, motorcycle helmet use, riding with a driver who has been drinking, driving after drinking
These are UNINTENTIONAL EVENTS they do it without the sense of hurting themselves
Name two federal agencies other than the department of Health and human Services that Contribute to the betterment of our nation's health and explain how they do this
NIH
Dept. of Agricultural: Inspects meat and dairy
OHSA: addresses safety and health in the workplace
Contrast the terms communicable disease and non-communicable disease Provide examples
Can be pass person to person/cannot be transmitted through contact
What is the objective for WSCC?
WSCC stands for Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child; focuses on addressing the educational and health needs for children within the context of the school setting
Define: Health
The state or condition of the human organism that results from interactions and adaptions from their enironvment
Define: Community
A group of people who have common characteristics.
EX: race, age, interests for particular problems, or common bonds
Also characterized by memberships, common symbol systems, shared values or norms, etc.
Define: Community Health
Health status of a defined group of people and actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health
Define: Population Health
Health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group
Define: Global Health
Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries
Personal Health Activities VS. Community/Public Health Activities
Personal HA are actions and the decision making an individual does that affects them and the immediate people close to him
Community HA are activities geared towards protecting or improving the health of population in the community (maintaining birth and
What are the 3 classifications of an organization based of funding sources, responsibilities, and organizational structure?
Governmental
Quasi-governmental
Non-governmental
Governmental Health Agencies
Part of the government (Federal, State, or Local)
Have Authority over some geographic area
Four Levels: International, national, state, local
Funded primarily by tax dollars
Nongovernmental Health Agencies
Funded by private donations or membership dues
Arose due to unmet health need
Operate free from governmental interference
Meet specific IRS guidelines with tax status
Many types
Voluntary Health Agencies
Just like nongovernmental agencies, created because unmet specific health needs
Most exist at national, state, and local levels
National often focuses on research, links with state and local offices, while local often carry out programming
Paid and volunt
Professional Health Organizations
Made up of health professionals to promote high standards of professional practice
Funded primarily by membership dues
EX: American Medical Association
Define: Epidemiology
The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations
Define: Endemic
disease That occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course
Define: Pandemic
Outbreak over wide geographic area
Incidence Rate Formula
# of new health-related events or cases/ # of people at risk
Attack Rate Formula
(incidence rate for a particular group/ # of people exposed)X 100
Prevalence Rate Formula
Total # of people with the disease/Population at Risk
What is the most reliable measure of population health status?
Mortality Statistics
DALY
HALE
DALY: Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Measures burden by disease/ One DALY=one lost year of healthy life
HALE: Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy; # of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population or region of the world
Acute VS Chronic Disease
Acute= Less than 3 Months
Chronic= More than 3 Months
Chain of Infection
Pathogen: Disease-causing agent
Reservoir: Favorable Environment
Portal of exit: path by which agent leaves host
Transmission: how it goes form reservoir to next host
Portal of entry: enters host
New Host: new infection being establish
Explain the Multicausation Disease Model
Host: inalterable, unique genetic endowment
Personality, beliefs, behavioral choices: impact host
Complex environment: exposes host to risk factors
Levels of Prevention;
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary; prevent the onset of an injury or illness
Secondary; Early diagnose and treatment to prevent the advancement of illness/injury
Tertiary; Aimed at rehabilitation to make sure for no recurrence
Social Security Act
On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.