Community Health Chap 1-8

Health screenings are measures in

Secondary prevention

What does the term gatekeeper mean? Who would that be in your home community?

Someone whom keeps track of the political climate of the community formally and informally (pastors, school leaders, councilmembers)

Which agency maintains records, analyzes, diseases trends, and published epidemiclogical reports on all types of diseases?

CDC

An infant death is the death of a child younger than?

One Year

Groups at higher risk of unintended pregnancy are:

Poor women/ living in Poverty

Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions on which people can be healthy can occur is termed:

Public Health

Define the term epidemic:

is an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health related event

An example of a quasi- governmental health organization is

Operate independently of government supervision. Holds some official health responsibilities; operates more like voluntary health organizations
Derive some funding and work from government
The National Science Foundation
Red Cross

The neonatal mortality period is death that occurs up to:

28 days AFTER birth

Describe the organization WHO:

World Health Organization
Is membership open to any nation that has ratified the WHO constitution and receives a majority vote of the World Health assembly, which is comprised of member nations
Looks after the healthiness of all man kind
Headquarters in G

A process by which an invention is planned to help meet the needs of priority population is?

program planning

True or False? In the communicable disease model, the cause of a disease or health problem is the host?

False/ The Vector

The power to arrest someone who refuses to undergo treatment for a communicable disease?

A local health officer

Define community organizing:

The process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or change targets, mobilize resources and develop and implement strategies for reaching their collective goals.

True or False: community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilizes, and address social and public health problems?

True

The process of collecting and analyzing information to develop an understanding of issues, resources, and constraints of the priority population to better develop a health promotion program is:

A needs assessment

True or False: Sleeping on the back rather than the stomach greatly increases the SID among health, full term infants

False/ Decreases

Name the components of the WSCC model

Health Education
Physical Education/Physical Activity
Environment and Services,
Health Services
Counseling/Psychological/Social Services
Social/Emotional Climate
Physical Environment
Employee Wellness
Family engagement
Community Involvement

List, in order, the generalized steps for program planning

Assess needs
Set goals and objective
Develop an intervention
Implement the intervention
Evaluate

Appendicitis and poisoning are examples of:

Non-communicable Diseases

Approximately how many teenage girls in the US get pregnant at least once before the age 20

1/4, %25

The racial/ethinic group of high school students most likely to report to current cigarette usage is

White Americans

Give three examples of behavior related to unintentional injuries of high school students that are assessed as part of the YRBSS: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey

Seat belt use, bicycle helmet use, motorcycle helmet use, riding with a driver who has been drinking, driving after drinking
These are UNINTENTIONAL EVENTS they do it without the sense of hurting themselves

Name two federal agencies other than the department of Health and human Services that Contribute to the betterment of our nation's health and explain how they do this

NIH
Dept. of Agricultural: Inspects meat and dairy
OHSA: addresses safety and health in the workplace

Contrast the terms communicable disease and non-communicable disease Provide examples

Can be pass person to person/cannot be transmitted through contact

What is the objective for WSCC?

WSCC stands for Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child; focuses on addressing the educational and health needs for children within the context of the school setting

Define: Health

The state or condition of the human organism that results from interactions and adaptions from their enironvment

Define: Community

A group of people who have common characteristics.
EX: race, age, interests for particular problems, or common bonds
Also characterized by memberships, common symbol systems, shared values or norms, etc.

Define: Community Health

Health status of a defined group of people and actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health

Define: Population Health

Health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group

Define: Global Health

Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries

Personal Health Activities VS. Community/Public Health Activities

Personal HA are actions and the decision making an individual does that affects them and the immediate people close to him
Community HA are activities geared towards protecting or improving the health of population in the community (maintaining birth and

What are the 3 classifications of an organization based of funding sources, responsibilities, and organizational structure?

Governmental
Quasi-governmental
Non-governmental

Governmental Health Agencies

Part of the government (Federal, State, or Local)
Have Authority over some geographic area
Four Levels: International, national, state, local
Funded primarily by tax dollars

Nongovernmental Health Agencies

Funded by private donations or membership dues
Arose due to unmet health need
Operate free from governmental interference
Meet specific IRS guidelines with tax status
Many types

Voluntary Health Agencies

Just like nongovernmental agencies, created because unmet specific health needs
Most exist at national, state, and local levels
National often focuses on research, links with state and local offices, while local often carry out programming
Paid and volunt

Professional Health Organizations

Made up of health professionals to promote high standards of professional practice
Funded primarily by membership dues
EX: American Medical Association

Define: Epidemiology

The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations

Define: Endemic

disease That occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course

Define: Pandemic

Outbreak over wide geographic area

Incidence Rate Formula

# of new health-related events or cases/ # of people at risk

Attack Rate Formula

(incidence rate for a particular group/ # of people exposed)X 100

Prevalence Rate Formula

Total # of people with the disease/Population at Risk

What is the most reliable measure of population health status?

Mortality Statistics

DALY
HALE

DALY: Disability-Adjusted Life Years; Measures burden by disease/ One DALY=one lost year of healthy life
HALE: Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy; # of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population or region of the world

Acute VS Chronic Disease

Acute= Less than 3 Months
Chronic= More than 3 Months

Chain of Infection

Pathogen: Disease-causing agent
Reservoir: Favorable Environment
Portal of exit: path by which agent leaves host
Transmission: how it goes form reservoir to next host
Portal of entry: enters host
New Host: new infection being establish

Explain the Multicausation Disease Model

Host: inalterable, unique genetic endowment
Personality, beliefs, behavioral choices: impact host
Complex environment: exposes host to risk factors

Levels of Prevention;
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Primary; prevent the onset of an injury or illness
Secondary; Early diagnose and treatment to prevent the advancement of illness/injury
Tertiary; Aimed at rehabilitation to make sure for no recurrence

Social Security Act

On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.